Network architecture defines the building blocks of a network as physical or functional entities.
Give examples of physical and functional entities that you would use as building blocks for a
network. How docs each approach (physical and functional) differ? A network\'s architecture
differs from its design, in terms of its scope, level of detail, description, and location information.
Describe how an architecture and design differ in each characteristic. Give examples of external
relationships between each of the following component architectures: addressing routing,
network management, performance, and security. What are the differences between the
LAN/MAN/WAN and Access/Distribution/Core architectural models? Under what conditions
might each be applied to a network?
Solution
A network element is usually defined as a manageable logical entity uniting one or more
physical devices. This allows distributed devices to be managed in a unified way using one
management system.
A network manager discovery returns many different types of entity
->Physical and logical entities, including devices and their physical
and logical characteristics, such as slots, cards, ports, and interfaces,
and the relationships between them.
->Protocol end points represent protocol or technology-specific information
that is typically associated with an entity representing a port or interface resource.
->Device collections, including MPLS VPNs, global VLANs and subnets.
->Hosted services, including BGP and OSPF services hosted on a device.
Clouds are used to represent networks external to the one pictured for the
purposes of depicting connections between internal and external devices, without
indicating the specifics of the outside network. For e.g., in the hypothetical
local area network pictured to the right, three personal computers and a server are
connected to a switch, the server is further connected to a printer and a gateway
router, which is connected via a WAN link to the Internet.
At different scales diagrams may represent various levels of network granularity.
At the LAN level, individual nodes may represent individual physical devices,
such as hubs or file servers, while at the WAN level, individual nodes may represent
entire cities. In addition, when the scope of a diagram crosses the common LAN/MAN/WAN
boundaries, representative hypothetical devices may be depicted instead of showing all
actually existing nodes. For e.g., if a network appliance is intended to be connected
through the Internet to many end-user mobile devices, only a single such
device may be depicted for the purposes of showing the general relationship
between the appliance and any such device. Computer network analysis, the architecture,
and design have traditionally focused on capacity
planning, which is the bandwidth required in the network
to accommodate most short- and long-term traffic fluctuations.
Network analysis helps us understand what problems we are trying to solve, and
in the pr.
Advanced computer network lab manual (practicals in Cisco Packet tracer)VrundaBhavsar
Book include how we can execute practical in cisco packet tracer.There are around 18 experiment covered .It contains topology also information about basic elements hub router.how we established
connection using HTTP and FTP protocols Also transferring Gmail and VOIP (Voice over IP) experiment. DHCP experiment included. How we create subnetmask.
Advanced computer network lab manual (practicals in Cisco Packet tracer)VrundaBhavsar
Book include how we can execute practical in cisco packet tracer.There are around 18 experiment covered .It contains topology also information about basic elements hub router.how we established
connection using HTTP and FTP protocols Also transferring Gmail and VOIP (Voice over IP) experiment. DHCP experiment included. How we create subnetmask.
Summarize the purpose of a WAN and define what makes up a WAN connec.pdfFOREVERPRODUCTCHD
Summarize the purpose of a WAN and define what makes up a WAN connection.
Detail the types of devices used to establish and maintain a WAN connection and list some of the
more common WAN connection methods.
Discuss the differences between WAN and LAN connections, and who is responsible for
providing WAN connections.
Discuss how a modem handles digital information over analog signals.
Describe how to configure and setup remote access protocols.
What factors need careful consideration?
Solution
Remote Access Protocols
Remote access protocols square measure accustomed management the institution of connections
and therefore the transmission of information over WAN links. 3 varieties of remote access
protocols square measure supported by Windows Server 2003 remote access:
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP): AN industry-standard set of protocols providing the most
effective security, multi-protocol support and ability.
Serial Line net Protocol (SLIP): employed by older remote access servers. A Windows Server
2003 RAS server doesn\'t support SLIP dial-up connections.
Microsoft remote access protocol: additionally called Asynchronous NetBEUI (AsyBEUI) and is
employed by inheritance remote access purchasers, like Windows NT three.1, Windows for
Workgroups, DOS and computer network Manager purchasers.
LAN may be a electronic network that connects computers in tiny areas. WAN may be a network
that covers a broad space victimization personal or public network transports.
The terms {lan|local square measurea network|LAN|computer network} and WAN are usually
confusing for those that aren’t that school savvy. These square measure each connections that
permit users to attach their laptop to a network, as well as the web. computer network is brief for
native space Network, whereas WAN is brief for Wide space Network. These 2 disagree from
one another in distinct ways that. computer network may be a electronic network that connects
computers in tiny areas like home, office, school, corporation, etc. employing a network media.
it\'s helpful for sharing resources like printers, files, games, etc. A computer network network
includes a few of laptop systems connected to every alternative, with one system connected to a
router, electronic equipment or AN outlet for net access. The computer network network is made
victimization cheap technologies like local area network cables, network adapters and hubs.
However, alternative wireless technologies are obtainable to attach the pc through a wireless
access. so as to put together a computer network network, an individual might also need
specialised software system software system. the foremost widespread software system includes
the Microsoft Windows’ net affiliation Sharing (ICS), that permits users to make computer
network. distinction between computer network and WAN
Key Difference: computer network may be a electronic network that connects computers in tiny
areas. WAN may be a network that covers a broad space victimizat.
Learning Outcomes
A Network of Networks
Internet
Define Computer Networks
Define Communication
State Importance of Computer network and communication
Network classification
Types of networks
Comparison of different networks
TCP/IP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Internet
A network formed by the co-operative interconnection of a large no. of computer networks.
Since Internet is formed by the interconnection of no. of networks, sometimes its also called as network of networks
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
It elaborate about the network fundamentals like Computer networks, Network Devices, Network Topology, Types of Networks.
it helps to get start with computer network as a beginner.
happy learning : )
Academic course on Computer Network Chapter -1 for BCA, Tribhuwan University
** Applicable for other courses as well
Includes the Basic of Computer Network, Topologies, Types of Network
In class, we talked about all sorts of experiments. I would like to s.pdfAroraRajinder1
In class, we talked about all sorts of experiments. I would like to sum them up here. For each of
the following, name and briefly describe an experiment that... (a)...demonstrates that light
behaves like a wave. (b)...demonstrates that light behaves like particles. (c)...demonstrates that
electrons behave like particles. (d)...demonstrates that electrons behave like a wave.
Solution
a) Young\'s Double-Slit Experiment
A definitive experiment was Young\'s double slit experiment, which demonstrated that light
shined at two slits in a screen show an interference pattern characteristic of waves of light, rather
than particles. The principle behind this phenomenon is diffraction of light due to this any point
source of light spreads and behaves like a light source.
In the early 19th century, English scientist Thomas Young carried out the famous double-slit
experiment (also known as Young\'s experiment), which demonstrated that a beam of light, when
split into two beams and then recombined, will show interference effects that can only be
explained by assuming that light is a wavelike disturbance. If light consisted strictly of ordinary
or classical particles, and these particles were fired in a straight line through a slit and allowed to
strike a screen on the other side, we would expect to see a pattern corresponding to the size and
shape of the slit. However, when this single-slit experiment is actually performed, the pattern on
the screen is a diffraction pattern in which the light is spread out. The smaller the slit, the greater
the angle of spread.Similarly, if light consisted strictly of classical particles and we illuminated
two parallel slits, the expected pattern on the screen would simply be the sum of the two single-
slit patterns. In actuality, however, the pattern changes to one with a series of alternating light
and dark bands. When Thomas Young first demonstrated this phenomenon, it indicated that light
consists of waves, as the distribution of brightness can be explained by the alternately additive
and subtractive interference of wavefronts.
b) Photoelectric effect Experiment
When light is shined on clean sodium metal in vacuum then ejection of electrons was observed.
Analysis of data from the photoelectric experiment showed that the energy of the ejected
electrons was proportional to the frequency of the illuminating light. This showed that whatever
was knocking the electrons out had an energy proportional to light frequency. The remarkable
fact that the ejection energy was independent of the total energy of illumination showed that the
interaction must be like that of a particle which gave all of its energy to the electron!
c) and d) Feynman\'s double-slit experiment
In Feynman\'s double-slit thought-experiment, a specific material is randomly directed at a wall
which has two small slits that can be opened and closed at will -- some of the material gets
blocked and some passes through the slits, depending on which ones are open.
Ba.
Jane Lee was employed as a secretary at Burton Trucking. She was fire.pdfAroraRajinder1
Jane Lee was employed as a secretary at Burton Trucking. She was fired when she refused to
perjure herself at a trial where her employer was the defendant. She filed a wrongful discharge
lawsuit against her former employer. Ms. Lee will prevail if the state where the lawsuit was filed
recognizes a public policy exception to the employment-at-will doctrine prevail only if she
proves she was telling the truth will lose because the employment-at-will doctrine completely
insulates the employer from liability will lose because her testimony provided the basis for a
defamation lawsuit by her former employer will prevail under recent amendments to the
Sarbonnes-Oxley Act
Solution.
More Related Content
Similar to Network architecture defines the building blocks of a network as phys.pdf
Summarize the purpose of a WAN and define what makes up a WAN connec.pdfFOREVERPRODUCTCHD
Summarize the purpose of a WAN and define what makes up a WAN connection.
Detail the types of devices used to establish and maintain a WAN connection and list some of the
more common WAN connection methods.
Discuss the differences between WAN and LAN connections, and who is responsible for
providing WAN connections.
Discuss how a modem handles digital information over analog signals.
Describe how to configure and setup remote access protocols.
What factors need careful consideration?
Solution
Remote Access Protocols
Remote access protocols square measure accustomed management the institution of connections
and therefore the transmission of information over WAN links. 3 varieties of remote access
protocols square measure supported by Windows Server 2003 remote access:
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP): AN industry-standard set of protocols providing the most
effective security, multi-protocol support and ability.
Serial Line net Protocol (SLIP): employed by older remote access servers. A Windows Server
2003 RAS server doesn\'t support SLIP dial-up connections.
Microsoft remote access protocol: additionally called Asynchronous NetBEUI (AsyBEUI) and is
employed by inheritance remote access purchasers, like Windows NT three.1, Windows for
Workgroups, DOS and computer network Manager purchasers.
LAN may be a electronic network that connects computers in tiny areas. WAN may be a network
that covers a broad space victimization personal or public network transports.
The terms {lan|local square measurea network|LAN|computer network} and WAN are usually
confusing for those that aren’t that school savvy. These square measure each connections that
permit users to attach their laptop to a network, as well as the web. computer network is brief for
native space Network, whereas WAN is brief for Wide space Network. These 2 disagree from
one another in distinct ways that. computer network may be a electronic network that connects
computers in tiny areas like home, office, school, corporation, etc. employing a network media.
it\'s helpful for sharing resources like printers, files, games, etc. A computer network network
includes a few of laptop systems connected to every alternative, with one system connected to a
router, electronic equipment or AN outlet for net access. The computer network network is made
victimization cheap technologies like local area network cables, network adapters and hubs.
However, alternative wireless technologies are obtainable to attach the pc through a wireless
access. so as to put together a computer network network, an individual might also need
specialised software system software system. the foremost widespread software system includes
the Microsoft Windows’ net affiliation Sharing (ICS), that permits users to make computer
network. distinction between computer network and WAN
Key Difference: computer network may be a electronic network that connects computers in tiny
areas. WAN may be a network that covers a broad space victimizat.
Learning Outcomes
A Network of Networks
Internet
Define Computer Networks
Define Communication
State Importance of Computer network and communication
Network classification
Types of networks
Comparison of different networks
TCP/IP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Internet
A network formed by the co-operative interconnection of a large no. of computer networks.
Since Internet is formed by the interconnection of no. of networks, sometimes its also called as network of networks
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
It elaborate about the network fundamentals like Computer networks, Network Devices, Network Topology, Types of Networks.
it helps to get start with computer network as a beginner.
happy learning : )
Academic course on Computer Network Chapter -1 for BCA, Tribhuwan University
** Applicable for other courses as well
Includes the Basic of Computer Network, Topologies, Types of Network
In class, we talked about all sorts of experiments. I would like to s.pdfAroraRajinder1
In class, we talked about all sorts of experiments. I would like to sum them up here. For each of
the following, name and briefly describe an experiment that... (a)...demonstrates that light
behaves like a wave. (b)...demonstrates that light behaves like particles. (c)...demonstrates that
electrons behave like particles. (d)...demonstrates that electrons behave like a wave.
Solution
a) Young\'s Double-Slit Experiment
A definitive experiment was Young\'s double slit experiment, which demonstrated that light
shined at two slits in a screen show an interference pattern characteristic of waves of light, rather
than particles. The principle behind this phenomenon is diffraction of light due to this any point
source of light spreads and behaves like a light source.
In the early 19th century, English scientist Thomas Young carried out the famous double-slit
experiment (also known as Young\'s experiment), which demonstrated that a beam of light, when
split into two beams and then recombined, will show interference effects that can only be
explained by assuming that light is a wavelike disturbance. If light consisted strictly of ordinary
or classical particles, and these particles were fired in a straight line through a slit and allowed to
strike a screen on the other side, we would expect to see a pattern corresponding to the size and
shape of the slit. However, when this single-slit experiment is actually performed, the pattern on
the screen is a diffraction pattern in which the light is spread out. The smaller the slit, the greater
the angle of spread.Similarly, if light consisted strictly of classical particles and we illuminated
two parallel slits, the expected pattern on the screen would simply be the sum of the two single-
slit patterns. In actuality, however, the pattern changes to one with a series of alternating light
and dark bands. When Thomas Young first demonstrated this phenomenon, it indicated that light
consists of waves, as the distribution of brightness can be explained by the alternately additive
and subtractive interference of wavefronts.
b) Photoelectric effect Experiment
When light is shined on clean sodium metal in vacuum then ejection of electrons was observed.
Analysis of data from the photoelectric experiment showed that the energy of the ejected
electrons was proportional to the frequency of the illuminating light. This showed that whatever
was knocking the electrons out had an energy proportional to light frequency. The remarkable
fact that the ejection energy was independent of the total energy of illumination showed that the
interaction must be like that of a particle which gave all of its energy to the electron!
c) and d) Feynman\'s double-slit experiment
In Feynman\'s double-slit thought-experiment, a specific material is randomly directed at a wall
which has two small slits that can be opened and closed at will -- some of the material gets
blocked and some passes through the slits, depending on which ones are open.
Ba.
Jane Lee was employed as a secretary at Burton Trucking. She was fire.pdfAroraRajinder1
Jane Lee was employed as a secretary at Burton Trucking. She was fired when she refused to
perjure herself at a trial where her employer was the defendant. She filed a wrongful discharge
lawsuit against her former employer. Ms. Lee will prevail if the state where the lawsuit was filed
recognizes a public policy exception to the employment-at-will doctrine prevail only if she
proves she was telling the truth will lose because the employment-at-will doctrine completely
insulates the employer from liability will lose because her testimony provided the basis for a
defamation lawsuit by her former employer will prevail under recent amendments to the
Sarbonnes-Oxley Act
Solution.
If a function F) performs the following operations, what knd of cohe.pdfAroraRajinder1
If a function F) performs the following operations, what knd of cohesion does it have?
If it has the optimal cohesion, explain why. If not, correct it.
turn on a LED light;
send a message to a remote computer;
poll a sensor to get a reading;
Solution
Cohesion is the term which refers to the degree by which the various elements inside a function
are related to each other.
In the given list of operations, there is no clear relationship between any of the operations.
Turning on the LED light and sending message to a remote computer can be assumed to be a
form of signalling or notification. However, polling a sensor is clearly an input operation.
Also each of the operations is independent. So, the cohesion in this function is weak.
It can be categorized as the coincidental cohesion. It is the worst kind of cohesion. The
operations are arbitrarily jammed into the same function without any relationship. The only
relationship between them is that all of them are put into the same function.
Therefore, the cohesion is weak. It is coincidental and not optimal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
If you have any queries regarding this, please ask in the comments and I will make sure to help
you with it..
How would a subculture appear if a colony containing both S. Marce.pdfAroraRajinder1
How would a subculture appear if a colony containing both S. Marcescens and M. Luteus was
subcultures to a slant?
How would a subculture appear if a colony containing both S. Marcescens and M. Luteus was
subcultures to a slant?
Solution
The slant would show colonies of S marcescens and M luteus as red and yellow respectively.
S marcescens is a gram negative rod shaped organism who has an unique feature of producing a
red colour pigment called prodigiosin at room temperature. Whereas M luteus is a gram positive
coccus shaped organism who produces yellow coloured carotenoid pigments anf grows slowly at
room temperature..
Hint Assume the binary tree is properly balanced (the depth of the .pdfAroraRajinder1
Hint: Assume the binary tree is properly balanced (the depth of the tree T is O(log N)). For full
credit, your algorithm should run in O(K+log N) average time, where K is the number of keys
printed.
Solution
// Since the language is not specified, I\'m doing it in C++.
// Assumption: structure of the tree node:
/*
struct Node{
int data;
Node *left;
Node *right;
};
*/
void method(Node *root, int k1, int k2){
if(root == NULL) return;
method(root->left);
if(root->data >= k1 && root->data <= k2) cout << root->data << \" \";
method(root->right);
}.
essay question Explain how everyday life changes for slaves after e.pdfAroraRajinder1
essay question: Explain how everyday life changes for slaves after emancipation. How did the
agricultural system of labor change in the South? Specifically address why the following issues
were important to freed slaves after the Civil War: marriages, families, names, travel, labor
contracts, and work done by women and children.
Solution
The Emancipation Proclamation and the Union’s victory in the war secured the freedom of
slaves, but with a society plagued by Jim Crow Laws and segregation, ex-slaves were far from
liberated. Slaves paid the price for their freedom as emancipation introduced new hardships,
insecurities, and humiliation.
During the post Civil War and Reconstruction Era, a slave’s fight for freedom turned into a mere
fight for survival. The majority of slaves were released from their previous plantations penniless.
Wages for African Americans also fluctuated in response to the perceived worth of that person
and manual labor was considered easily replaceable during the post Civil War time period. With
income being an issue, few ex-slaves had the ability to own land. According to the 1880 Census,
one-fifith of African Americans owned at least some of the land they farmed. However, these
holdings were usually beset with debt, crippling African American owners in the long run.
Johnson declared that, “Befo’ de war, niggers did have a place to lie down at night and
somewhere to eat, when they got hungry in slavery time.”
This prevalent poverty among ex-slaves during the Reconstruction Era resulted in a lack of
nourishment and medical care which in turn caused a high mortality rate for African Americans,
especially children. Illness left former slaves with the burden of unpaid medical bills or the
inability to access proper medical care. Deficiencies caused African Americans to resort to the
treatment of diseases with herbal and home remedies. The 1900 Census reveals 30 per 1,000
blacks died each year as opposed to only 17 per 1,000 whites.
Death as a result of poverty was not the only thing that affected a slave’s life in the tough times
of the post Civil War era. Ex-slaves were weakened by a severe sense of isolation brought on by
separation from their families. Sales of slaves, the death of owners, and the presentation of slaves
as gifts during the pre- Civil War era were only some of the reasons for this division. Alienation
and loneliness dampened the spirit of these slaves’ new found freedom and made the fight to
survive that much harder.
As whites saw African Americans as an imposition on normality as well as a threat to their
dominance, they continued to make former slaves work for their freedom. Johnson stated in his
narrative that “Since them times, a many a nigger has had it tough to make a livin’. I know dat is
so, too, cause I has been all long dere.” Johnson’s experiences, along with so many others, shed
light on the darker side of emancipation after the Civil War..
Detection versus recognition ... Investigate Face++ at Feel free to.pdfAroraRajinder1
Detection versus recognition ... Investigate Face++ at Feel free to browse to other similar sites
Explain the difference between face detection and face recognition. Give an example use of each
in IT.
Solution
solution:
Face detection is a program that determines the locations of human faces in a digital image.
Face recognition is a program that identifies a person in a digital image.
There are several notions that should be distinguished.
Classification = partition of a set of observable objects into disjoint similarity classes (maybe,
constituting a hierarchical structure).
Detection = in a large set of objects finding out all those belonging to a certain similarity class.
Recognition = for a given object answering, to what of (a priori defined) similarity classes it
belongs. Identification = a particular case of recognition: proving that a given object really
belongs to a similarity class being declared.
Face detection aims at the detection/location of face in an image while Face recognition aims at
identifying the face with some known faces.
The best example for face detection is our Digital Cameras, you see a square over the faces,
when taking photos. Face recognition is usually used in forensics to identify fugitives from street
cameras... or something like that.
face detection is an attempt to detect faces in an image (or video, I guess). Face detection
software will typically provide the location and face size/orientation of each region of the image
it feels is probably a face. In my experience, the results can be quite noisy. Depending on how
the detection parameters are set, you may get many non-faces and will likely miss some/many
faces (especially if they are partially obscured).
Face recognition, on the other hand, attempts to identify a face in an image that is known (or
thought to) contain a single face. Face detection may be applied first to extract image segments
containing faces. A database of face data for individuals is needed, and the face recognition
software will attempt to associate the provided image with one or more records in the database,
typically with a probability that the faces match.
Eigenfaces & Fisherfaces
Those familiar with linear algebra will remember that every vector space has an orthogonal
basis. By combining elements of this basis we can compose every vector in this vector space.
And vice versa, every vector in the vector space can be decomposed to the elements of the basis.
Images (grayscale) are nothing more than a series of numbers, each number corresponding to
some intensity level. So why not treat images as vectors? Say, for example, we have a collection
of face images of size 150 by 150 pixels; each of these images can be thought of as a vector of
size 22,500 (150*150). We can now talk about the vector space in which these vectors reside. By
treating the images as samples of data, we can perform a Principal Components Analysis and
obtain the eigenvectors which make up the basis of the vector spa.
Dent disease is a rare disorder of the kidney in which reabsorption o.pdfAroraRajinder1
Dent disease is a rare disorder of the kidney in which reabsorption of filtered solutes is impaired
and there is progressive renal failure. R. R. Hoopes and colleagues studied mutations associated
with Dent disease in the following family (R. R. Hoopes et al. American Journal of Human
Genetics 76:260-267, 2005). On the basis of this pedigree, what is the MOST likely mode of
inheritance for the disease? Autosomal recessive X-linked recessive Autosomal dominant X-
linked dominant Y-linked.
Solution
On the basis of pattern of inheritance of particuar traint, The answer is Autosomal recesseve..
DEFINE: maternal determinant (3-4 sentences).
Solution
Maternal determinants are some types of molecules which are maternally supplied to the oocyte,
the cell which produce fully grown organism, and the molecules regulate various processes by
which the fate and developmental pattern of the oocyte is decided. Maternal transcription factors,
Maternal signaling molecules, Maternal signaling pathway regulators are types of the
biomolecules known as maternal determinants. Mitochondria, Nucleolus, and some Ribosomes
also have maternal origin. VegT ( mRNA), Vg1 (mRNA), p53 (Protein), CREB (Protein), FGF2
(mRNA), Ectodermin (Protein), fatvg (mRNA) are some important maternal determinants..
Consider a partial function.For every unmapped element in its doma.pdfAroraRajinder1
Consider a partial function.
For every unmapped element in its domain, map that element to \"infinity\". Does this
modification make the partial function into a function? Why or why not?
Solution
It doesn\'t because \"infinity\" is not a real number. So, in any case there is no output for the
specified unmapped elements..
Compare and Contrast hollow core fibers for high power delivery an.pdfAroraRajinder1
Compare and Contrast hollow core fibers for high power delivery and negative curvature hollow
core fibers. Essay answers are limited to about 1000 words (3800 characters maximum,
including double spaces).
Compare and Contrast hollow core fibers for high power delivery and negative curvature hollow
core fibers. Essay answers are limited to about 1000 words (3800 characters maximum,
including double spaces).
Solution
NC-HCF:-NEGATIVE curvature hollow core optical fiber (NC-HCF) is a novel hollow core
optical fiber (HCF) which has emerged over the last few years. NC-HCF is characterized by the
inverted curvature of its core wall, and usually exhibits multiple spectral transmission bands of
low attenuation. The simple structure of the fiber cladding allows flexible tailoring of NC-HCFs
design and dimension for specific wavelengths and applications. Since their first appearance NC-
HCFs have been applied in high power/ultrafast laser delivery and several other applications.
This paper comprises eight sections:It consists of a brief history of NC-HCF, while the optics of
NC-HCF will be discussed. From the guidance properties of NC-HCFs are collated and
summarized including mode attenuation, bending loss, dispersion and nonlinearity. reviews some
applications of NC-HCFs and contains conclusions.
Hollow core negative curvature fibre (HC-NCF):Hollow core negative curvature fibre (HC-NCF)
is another kind of leaky HCF, which features negative curvature of the core boundary The
importance of curvature of the core boundary in HCF was firstly discovered in Kagome fibres by
Wang et al. in 2010. A Kagome fibre with negative curvature of the core boundary exhibited an
unexpected lower attenuation than regular ones. A series of subsequent experiments confirmed
the function of the negative curvature core wall in the reduction of attenuation in Kagome fibres.
Later in 2010 Gérôme et al. demonstrated that the complex structure of the cladding has a
negligible effect on the confinement loss of Kagome fibre. At the same time, Vincetti and Setti
numerically studied HC-NCF with a simplified cladding systematically and revealed that the
coupling interaction between the core mode and cladding mode decides the high loss
transmission spectral regions of HC-NCF. In 2011, Pryamikov et al. fabricated the first silica
HC-NCF without lattice structure in the cladding. They demonstrated that light can be
transmitted through a 63 cm length of silica fibre at 3 m wavelength even though. The fused
silica exhibits very high material absorption in this spectral region. Afterwards, Kosolapov et al.
extended the transmission window in a similar structured HC-NCF to 10.6 m for CO2 laser by
using chalcogenide glass instead of silica as the fabrication material. In 2012 during the course of
this thesis I designed, fabricated and characterised a silica HC-NCF with low loss transmission in
the mid-infrared spectral region from 3 µm to 4 µm, with minimum attenuation of 34 dB/km at a
wavele.
Can we create an object of type Interface Explain your answer.So.pdfAroraRajinder1
Can we create an object of type Interface? Explain your answer.
Solution
The answer is w.r.t JAVA
You can\'t instantiate an interface directly, but you can instantiate a class that implements that
interface:
This is basically the same as what you\'re doing inline. The brackets after new Runnable() will
contain your implementation inline..
Cancel QuestionSolutionSince Descriptive statistics uses the d.pdfAroraRajinder1
Cancel Question
Solution
Since Descriptive statistics uses the data to provide descriptions of the population, either through
numerical calculations or graphs or tables. Inferential statistics makes inferences and predictions
about a population based on a sample of data taken from the population in question.
So a) Is Descriptive
b) is Descriptive
c) is Inferential
d) is Inferential
e) is Descriptive
f) is Descriptive.
According to the cladogram, what derived trait is shared by primates .pdfAroraRajinder1
According to the cladogram, what derived trait is shared by primates and rodents/rabbits? What
is the correct term for the area labeled with a circle? What does it represent? What is the correct
term for the earliest branch pictured in the cladogram (the one with the shark)? What does it
represent?
Solution
PART1)According to the cladogram,hair trait is shared by primates and rodden rabbis.........
PART2)IT represents they are reptiles....
PART3)IT represents it is the oldest organism...........
A male Flagus fly with the Barkus phenotype is crossed with a female.pdfAroraRajinder1
A male Flagus fly with the Barkus phenotype is crossed with a female who has the wild-type
phenotype. A second cross is performed in which the female Flagus fly has the Barkus
phenotype and the male has the wild-type phenotype. This second cross is known as a:
A. inter-cross.
B. recessive cross.
C. motor-cross.
D. dominant cross.
E. reciprocal cross.
Solution
E. Reciprocal Cross.
2015Matthew and Michael Goode (cousins) decide to form a partners.pdfAroraRajinder1
2015:
Matthew and Michael Goode (cousins) decide to form a partnership (M&M) on April 1, 2015.
Each contributed personally-owned assets to start the new company. Matthew Goode contributed
$100,250 in cash and property with book value of $57,750 and appraised value of $78,750.
Michael Goode contributed cash of $99,750; computer equipment with book value of $52,500
and appraised value of $21,000; a software library with book value of $63,000 and appraised
value of $23,500; and office equipment with book value of $57,750 and appraised value of
$26,250. M&M operates on a calendar year.
The Articles of Partnership stipulate that no goodwill is to be recognized and that the two will
start with capital balances equal to their contributions. Monthly cash draws of $1,350 each are
allowed, beginning June 1, 2015. Net income is to be allocated as follows:
(a)Matthew is to receive a compensation allowance of $2,625 per month for managing the day-
to-day operations of the partnership.
(b)Interest of 12.25% to be paid on ending balances of capital accounts, PLUS 15% interest on
ending capital balances in excess of $262,500 (all interest to be calculated without current
income allocation).
(c)Each partner is to receive a bonus equal to 15% of net income, after the compensation
allowance, interest, and bonuses. Negative bonuses are not allowed.
(d)Remainder of profit to be allocated in a 55:45 ratio, Matthew:Michael.
(e)Remainder of loss to be allocated in a 50:50 ratio.
Net partnership income for 2015 was $210,000.
2016:
June 1, 2016, Maxwell Goode (Matthew’s twin brother) joins the partnership (ThreeM). He
purchases 1/3 of Matthew’s ownership interest for cash of $78,750 and 1/4 of Michael’s
ownership interest for cash of $63,000, paid directly to the partners.
The Articles of Partnership are amended as follows for allocation of net income:
(a)In addition to Matthew’s compensation allowance, Michael will receive a compensation
allowance of $1,575 per month, and Maxwell $1,260 per month.
(b)Unchanged.
(c)Matthew, Michael, and Maxwell are to receive bonuses of 12.5%, 12.5% and 10%,
respectively, of net income after the compensation allowances, interest, and bonuses. Negative
bonuses are not allowed.
(d)Remainder of profit to be allocated in a 40:35:25 ratio, Matthew:Michael:Maxwell.
(e)Remainder of loss to be allocated equally among the three partners.
Net partnership income for 2016 was $262,500.
2017:
Morgan (Michael’s younger brother) is admitted to the partnership (MM MM Goode) on January
2, 2017. He purchases a 32% interest for a cash payment of $260,000, paid directly to the
partnership.
The Articles of Partnership are amended as follows for allocation of net income:
(a)Partners will receive the following compensation allowances per month: Matthew, $3,150;
Michael, $2,625; Maxwell, $2.200; and Morgan, $2,000.
(b)Unchanged.
(c)Matthew, Michael, Maxwell, and Morgan are to receive bonuses of 12%, 12%, 10%, and
10%, respectively, of net income after the co.
1. Jose is a Latino client who presents with occupational difficulti.pdfAroraRajinder1
1. Jose is a Latino client who presents with occupational difficulties. He was laid off from a
construction job 8 months ago and has been unable to find work. Ever since he lost his job, he
has been drinking alcohol heavily throughout the day. He also reports “occasional” marijuana
use. Jose recently was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol and has to appear in
court next month. His wife is angry with him because she depends on him to pick up their 3
children from school, and now he may lose his driver’s license. Jose has always been a hard
worker, but he admits that there were times that he often drank alcohol while working on
construction jobs to eliminate his stress. He reports having intermittent episodes of anxiety since
adolescence. Based on the information provided, Jose’s principal diagnosis would likely be: A.
Alcohol use disorder B. Cannabis use disorder C. Adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and
depressed mood D. Major depressive anxiety disorder
Solution
A. Alcohol use disorder
Heavy drinking leads to \"alcohol use disorder.\" It is characterized by increased tendency to
drink alcohol, inability to quit alcohol, neglecting the family responsibilities due to heavy
drinking, anxiety, depression and alcohol withdrawal symptoms such as difficulty in sleeping,
seizures, high blood pressure, etc..
You have a small business customer who wants to use a voice over IP .pdfAroraRajinder1
You have a small business customer who wants to use a voice over IP (VoIP) system and
subscribe to this service through his ISP using DSL. What special piece of equipment will need
to be installed to provide analog-to-digital signal conversion between the phones and the digital
network?
A. A cable modem
B. A DSL modem
C. An Integrated access device (IAD)
D. A multimedia terminal adapter (MTA)
Solution
a cable modem is anetwork bridge and modem connects bi-directional data communication radio
frequncy channel on a hybrid fibar co axial and radio frequncy over glass infra structure.
A digital subscriber line (DSL) modem is a device used to connect a computer or router to a
telephone line which provides the digital subscriber line service for connectivity to the Internet.
An Integrated Access Device (or IAD) is a customer premises device that provides access to
wide area networks and the Internet.
A multimedia terminal adapter (MTA), or Home Phone modem, operates much the same as a
cable modem, but an MTA can deliver Home Phone service in addition to High Speed Internet.
so answer is B. A DSL Modem.
Why can some microbial species grow and survive in extreme environ.pdfAroraRajinder1
Why can some microbial species grow and survive in extreme environments?
Why can some microbial species grow and survive in extreme environments?
Solution
Microbial species grow and survive in extreme environments. These organisms are the
extremophiles. There are different types of extremophiles:
-Thermophiles and hyperthermophiles (organisms growing at high or very excessive
temperatures, respectively)
-psychrophiles (organisms that develop best at low temperatures)
-acidophiles and alkaliphiles (organisms optimally tailored to acidic or fundamental pH values,
respectively)
-barophiles (organisms that develop quality underneath pressure)
-halophiles (organisms that require NaCl for increase).
The different types of extremophiles have exceptional adaptations that allow them to thrive
mainly extremes.
1.Life at High Temperatures. Thermophiles have molecules and cell membranes that preserve
their stability at excessive temperatures. As all cellular additives need to be made heat stable and
their evolutionary function is derived of all recognized lifestyles.
2.Life at Low Temperatures and Extreme pH Levels. The molecules and membranes of
psychrophiles are designed to maximise flexibility. Extremophiles that grow exceptional at pH
extremes maintain a neutral pH inside their cells.
3.Life in a Brine and Other Environments. Halophiles ought to keep a balance between the
solute concentration in their cells and their salty surroundings. Halophiles are able to live in salty
conditions by preventing dehydration of their cytoplasm.a
Radiation-resistant micro organisms adaptedto literally shatter its chromosome into hundreds of
pieces. Some extreme barophiles grow optimally at pressures over 500 atmospheres. The
transmembrane proteins in barophiles likely are modified to still function at high pressures..
Which prokaryotic group maps most closely to the chlorophyll of plan.pdfAroraRajinder1
Which prokaryotic group maps most closely to the chlorophyll of plants on the phylogenetic
tree? cyanobacteria planctomyces proteobacteria spirochetes
Solution
cyanobacteria maps most close to chlorophyll of plants as cyanobacteria contains chlorophyll
and psycobillins though chlorophyllin them is a little different from that of eukaryotes ..... hope it
helps.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Network architecture defines the building blocks of a network as phys.pdf
1. Network architecture defines the building blocks of a network as physical or functional entities.
Give examples of physical and functional entities that you would use as building blocks for a
network. How docs each approach (physical and functional) differ? A network's architecture
differs from its design, in terms of its scope, level of detail, description, and location information.
Describe how an architecture and design differ in each characteristic. Give examples of external
relationships between each of the following component architectures: addressing routing,
network management, performance, and security. What are the differences between the
LAN/MAN/WAN and Access/Distribution/Core architectural models? Under what conditions
might each be applied to a network?
Solution
A network element is usually defined as a manageable logical entity uniting one or more
physical devices. This allows distributed devices to be managed in a unified way using one
management system.
A network manager discovery returns many different types of entity
->Physical and logical entities, including devices and their physical
and logical characteristics, such as slots, cards, ports, and interfaces,
and the relationships between them.
->Protocol end points represent protocol or technology-specific information
that is typically associated with an entity representing a port or interface resource.
->Device collections, including MPLS VPNs, global VLANs and subnets.
->Hosted services, including BGP and OSPF services hosted on a device.
Clouds are used to represent networks external to the one pictured for the
purposes of depicting connections between internal and external devices, without
indicating the specifics of the outside network. For e.g., in the hypothetical
local area network pictured to the right, three personal computers and a server are
connected to a switch, the server is further connected to a printer and a gateway
router, which is connected via a WAN link to the Internet.
At different scales diagrams may represent various levels of network granularity.
At the LAN level, individual nodes may represent individual physical devices,
such as hubs or file servers, while at the WAN level, individual nodes may represent
entire cities. In addition, when the scope of a diagram crosses the common LAN/MAN/WAN
boundaries, representative hypothetical devices may be depicted instead of showing all
actually existing nodes. For e.g., if a network appliance is intended to be connected
2. through the Internet to many end-user mobile devices, only a single such
device may be depicted for the purposes of showing the general relationship
between the appliance and any such device. Computer network analysis, the architecture,
and design have traditionally focused on capacity
planning, which is the bandwidth required in the network
to accommodate most short- and long-term traffic fluctuations.
Network analysis helps us understand what problems we are trying to solve, and
in the process, we compile information that will be used in developing an architecture
and design.
Computer network architecture uses this information to develop a high-level, end-to-end
structure for the network. A network architecture develops the major network functions
for addressing/routing, network management, performance, security as architectural
components that will be brought together to form the network goals for
the architecture and sets of interactions, trade-offs, dependencies, and constraints
that will be used to optimize the architecture.
