This chapter discusses two techniques for assessing the condition of metallic shields in cables: time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and AC resistance (Ω-check). TDR uses reflected pulses to detect discontinuities or faults, while Ω-check measures resistance to evaluate shield integrity. The techniques are applied either online, with the cable in service, or offline. Outstanding issues are discussed, such as identifying far ends in TDR traces and the impact of joints/connectors on Ω-check measurements. Experimental work was conducted at NEETRAC to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of these assessment methods.
This chapter discusses four other diagnostic techniques for cable condition assessment: dielectric spectroscopy, DC leakage current measurement, recovery voltage technique, and polarization/depolarization current technique. It provides details on how each technique works, how it is applied to cables, typical success criteria for interpreting results, considerations for accuracy, and outstanding issues still under research. The document is from a technical report on cable diagnostics published by Georgia Tech Research Corporation.
NEETRAC (Chapter 8: Partial Discharge for HV and EHV Cable Systems)AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document chapter discusses partial discharge (PD) testing for high voltage and extra high voltage power cable systems. It provides details on how PD testing works, how it is applied to cable systems, different sensor and measurement approaches, and considerations for commissioning and maintenance tests. The chapter aims to represent the current state of the art in PD testing for HV and EHV cables and identifies outstanding issues and areas for further development. It includes numerous figures and tables to illustrate concepts and provide recommendations for testing procedures and success criteria.
This document summarizes research on using dissipation factor (tan δ) testing to assess the condition of power cables. It describes how tan δ is measured, factors that affect its accuracy, criteria for evaluating results, and insights from analyzing a database of over 2,000 cable systems. Key findings include developing diagnostic levels based on combinations of tan δ features, observing differences between cable types, and improving assessments by increasing the data set size. The research aims to establish the most reliable approach for utilities to evaluate cable condition using tan δ testing.
This chapter discusses monitored withstand techniques for cable systems. A monitored withstand test applies voltage above normal operating voltage for a set time while monitoring a property, such as tan δ, that correlates with cable condition. This allows utilities to make decisions during the test, such as ending the test early if data shows good performance or extending the test if data shows marginal performance. The chapter describes how monitored withstand tests work, how the data is applied, typical test frameworks, and issues that still need resolution. It provides details on monitored withstand using VLF tan δ and discusses criteria developed from research for evaluating test phases and amending test time.
This chapter discusses the benefits of using cable system diagnostics. It provides background on current asset management approaches, including the use of "bathtub curves" to model failure rates over time. The chapter then examines different cost elements involved in cable system lifecycles. It provides examples estimating the costs and benefits of commissioning tests and diagnostic programs. The estimates suggest diagnostics can reduce outage costs by identifying problems earlier. The chapter concludes that diagnostics allow more accurate forecasting and assessment of asset health, resource needs, and program efficacy compared to a "run to failure" approach.
This chapter discusses simple dielectric withstand testing techniques for cable systems. Simple withstand tests involve applying a continuous voltage above normal operating voltage for a set period of time. If the cable fails during the test, it is marked as not passing. The chapter covers how different voltages like DC, VLF and resonant AC are applied in simple withstand tests for MV, HV and EHV cables. It also discusses factors like test voltages, waveforms, success criteria and accuracy of results. The chapter analyzes various studies on simple withstand testing and how test parameters like frequency, voltage and time impact failure rates. It also provides perspectives on using simple withstand tests for diagnostic purposes and cable system maintenance.
NEETRAC (Chapter 7: Medium Voltage Cable System Partial Discharge) )AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document provides a summary of partial discharge (PD) testing techniques for medium voltage cable systems. It discusses how PD works, how it is measured both in the lab and field, and considerations for sensor selection, source location, calibration, sensitivity checks, and interpreting results. Key points covered include factors affecting PD signal propagation, modeling approaches, measurement philosophies, and techniques for evaluating sensor performance and cable insulation conditions. Accuracy estimates are provided and limitations of repeat testing are addressed. The document aims to represent the current state of the art in PD testing as applied to medium voltage cable systems.
The document discusses issues with medium voltage cable systems. It provides historical context on the evolution of cable construction from the 1800s to present day. Key developments include the transition from paper to polymer insulation and the introduction of water tree resistant materials. The document also notes that while cable technology aimed to increase reliability, the process did not always achieve expected benefits, driving the need for cable system diagnostics. Failure rates of early cables are shown in graphs. Various tables outline the generations of cable construction and materials used over time.
This chapter discusses four other diagnostic techniques for cable condition assessment: dielectric spectroscopy, DC leakage current measurement, recovery voltage technique, and polarization/depolarization current technique. It provides details on how each technique works, how it is applied to cables, typical success criteria for interpreting results, considerations for accuracy, and outstanding issues still under research. The document is from a technical report on cable diagnostics published by Georgia Tech Research Corporation.
NEETRAC (Chapter 8: Partial Discharge for HV and EHV Cable Systems)AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document chapter discusses partial discharge (PD) testing for high voltage and extra high voltage power cable systems. It provides details on how PD testing works, how it is applied to cable systems, different sensor and measurement approaches, and considerations for commissioning and maintenance tests. The chapter aims to represent the current state of the art in PD testing for HV and EHV cables and identifies outstanding issues and areas for further development. It includes numerous figures and tables to illustrate concepts and provide recommendations for testing procedures and success criteria.
This document summarizes research on using dissipation factor (tan δ) testing to assess the condition of power cables. It describes how tan δ is measured, factors that affect its accuracy, criteria for evaluating results, and insights from analyzing a database of over 2,000 cable systems. Key findings include developing diagnostic levels based on combinations of tan δ features, observing differences between cable types, and improving assessments by increasing the data set size. The research aims to establish the most reliable approach for utilities to evaluate cable condition using tan δ testing.
This chapter discusses monitored withstand techniques for cable systems. A monitored withstand test applies voltage above normal operating voltage for a set time while monitoring a property, such as tan δ, that correlates with cable condition. This allows utilities to make decisions during the test, such as ending the test early if data shows good performance or extending the test if data shows marginal performance. The chapter describes how monitored withstand tests work, how the data is applied, typical test frameworks, and issues that still need resolution. It provides details on monitored withstand using VLF tan δ and discusses criteria developed from research for evaluating test phases and amending test time.
This chapter discusses the benefits of using cable system diagnostics. It provides background on current asset management approaches, including the use of "bathtub curves" to model failure rates over time. The chapter then examines different cost elements involved in cable system lifecycles. It provides examples estimating the costs and benefits of commissioning tests and diagnostic programs. The estimates suggest diagnostics can reduce outage costs by identifying problems earlier. The chapter concludes that diagnostics allow more accurate forecasting and assessment of asset health, resource needs, and program efficacy compared to a "run to failure" approach.
This chapter discusses simple dielectric withstand testing techniques for cable systems. Simple withstand tests involve applying a continuous voltage above normal operating voltage for a set period of time. If the cable fails during the test, it is marked as not passing. The chapter covers how different voltages like DC, VLF and resonant AC are applied in simple withstand tests for MV, HV and EHV cables. It also discusses factors like test voltages, waveforms, success criteria and accuracy of results. The chapter analyzes various studies on simple withstand testing and how test parameters like frequency, voltage and time impact failure rates. It also provides perspectives on using simple withstand tests for diagnostic purposes and cable system maintenance.
NEETRAC (Chapter 7: Medium Voltage Cable System Partial Discharge) )AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document provides a summary of partial discharge (PD) testing techniques for medium voltage cable systems. It discusses how PD works, how it is measured both in the lab and field, and considerations for sensor selection, source location, calibration, sensitivity checks, and interpreting results. Key points covered include factors affecting PD signal propagation, modeling approaches, measurement philosophies, and techniques for evaluating sensor performance and cable insulation conditions. Accuracy estimates are provided and limitations of repeat testing are addressed. The document aims to represent the current state of the art in PD testing as applied to medium voltage cable systems.
The document discusses issues with medium voltage cable systems. It provides historical context on the evolution of cable construction from the 1800s to present day. Key developments include the transition from paper to polymer insulation and the introduction of water tree resistant materials. The document also notes that while cable technology aimed to increase reliability, the process did not always achieve expected benefits, driving the need for cable system diagnostics. Failure rates of early cables are shown in graphs. Various tables outline the generations of cable construction and materials used over time.
This chapter discusses time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for cable system diagnosis. TDR works by injecting a pulse into the cable and analyzing reflections to locate impedance discontinuities. Key factors in TDR testing include pulse amplitude, width, and injection method. TDR can detect faults, joints, taps, deteriorated neutrals, and water ingress. However, interpretation requires understanding how cable routing affects measured lengths and potential issues like "ghost" reflections. While useful, TDR also has limitations like requiring skilled operators and difficulty with some cable types or circuit configurations.
This document provides an introduction to the Cable Diagnostic Focused Initiative (CDFI) Phase II report. It summarizes that CDFI Phase II built on Phase I by performing additional diagnostic tests on cable systems, analyzing the data, and disseminating the results. The goal was to better understand cable condition assessment and how utilities can deploy diagnostics as an asset management tool. Key topics examined in Phase II included repeat testing, health indexing, damped AC tests, VLF Tan δ testing of three phase circuits, monitored withstand decision rules, and HV cable system testing.
This document provides definitions for terms related to cable system diagnostics. It includes definitions for topics like partial discharge testing, time domain reflectometry, cable rehabilitation methods, and the stages of a diagnostic program. The document represents the state of knowledge at the time of its 2016 release and readers are directed to the provided link for the most recent version. The document also includes legal disclaimers about the use of the information and ownership of the content.
This document provides guidance on selecting the most appropriate cable diagnostic program for a medium voltage cable system. It discusses the evolution of cable diagnostics from 2006 to 2014 based on surveys of over 100 utilities. The use of some techniques, such as very low frequency withstand tests, has increased in that time period due to improvements in equipment and knowledge. The document provides a five-step process called SAGE for selecting diagnostic techniques in a transparent manner and offers information and considerations to help users choose techniques that best suit their needs and risk tolerance.
NEETRAC (Chapter 3: HV and EHV Cable System Aging and Testing Issues)AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document discusses aging and testing issues for high voltage (HV) and extra high voltage (EHV) cable systems. It provides background on the evolution of HV/EHV cable construction over generations including changes to insulation, semiconducting insulation screens, jackets, and accessories. The document outlines various causes of increased local stress in cables over time like imperfections during manufacturing and installation. It also describes different diagnostic testing techniques used at HV and EHV levels to evaluate the condition of cable systems.
High Voltage On-Site Testing with Partial Discharge Measurement (Cigre 502)AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
During the life cycle of high voltage (HV) apparatus or systems many tests and measurements are performed to characterize the insulation condition. The results of these tests and
measurements should be compiled in a “life data record”, which supplies information on trends of diagnostic indicator values. The HV on-site test with partial discharge (PD) measurement has an intermediate position between routine tests and in-service monitoring measurements (on-line or offline)
This document provides an overview and analysis of energy employment data in the United States. It finds that traditional definitions of energy jobs fail to capture employment in important sectors like renewable energy, energy efficiency, and related services. The report aims to address these gaps by presenting employment data on electric power generation, transmission, energy efficiency, and motor vehicles. It finds significant employment in these emerging energy fields and varying hiring difficulties across US regions. The analysis was conducted using a proprietary employment survey and government data sources.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | USAID- Supply Chain Costing Tool User's ManualDr Dev Kambhampati
The Supply Chain Costing Tool (SCCT) is a Microsoft Excel-based software tool developed by USAID | DELIVER PROJECT to facilitate public health supply chain costing exercises. The tool guides users through collecting cost data from supply chain facilities, validating the data, and generating four reports that summarize costs. The manual provides step-by-step instructions on setting up and using the tool to conduct a costing study and produce indicators to inform supply chain management and planning.
The paper summarizes design guidance for computer-based procedures (CBPs) for field workers developed by researchers at the Idaho National Laboratory. Based on studies of existing CBP systems and user needs, the guidance provides recommendations for 8 high-level design requirements to improve over paper-based procedures currently used in nuclear power plants. The requirements address making information context-sensitive, supporting flexible task flows, guiding workers through logical steps, enabling review of records, and improving communication. Specific implementation examples are given. The goal is to increase efficiency and safety by enhancing the human-computer interaction compared to traditional procedures.
(Ebook pdf) - engineering - doe fuel cell handbookJupira Silva
This document provides a summary of the 5th edition of the Fuel Cell Handbook published by the U.S. Department of Energy. It contains 12 chapters that cover topics such as the different types of fuel cells, their components and performance, fuel cell systems and applications. The handbook provides a comprehensive overview of fuel cell technology for stationary power generation, transportation and other uses. It includes discussions of demonstrations and field tests of fuel cells, as well as sample calculations and a detailed appendix with additional technical information.
IUCRC_EconImpactFeasibilityReport_FinalFinalJay Lee
This document summarizes a study assessing the economic impact evaluation efforts of the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (IUCRC) program. The study had three objectives: 1) assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current impact assessment strategy, 2) assess feasibility of obtaining credible quantitative estimates of economic impact, and 3) make recommendations to routinely collect such impact data. The study analyzed existing impact data, conducted pilot interviews with two centers, and interviewed representatives from three mature centers. It found that while current evaluations document outputs, outcomes and descriptions of impacts, they do not provide credible quantitative estimates of economic impact. However, the targeted interviews with center representatives and beneficiaries were able to obtain credible quantitative estimates of economic impacts such as improved R
This document describes the evolution of maintenance practices from reactive to preventive to condition-based/predictive maintenance. It discusses unmet needs in equipment, synchronization, and operations intelligence that condition-based maintenance addresses. The Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems methodology and tools are introduced, including the '5S' systematic approach and Watchdog Agent software. Several industrial projects involving companies like Toyota, GM, and GE applying these methods are then outlined.
This thesis examines standards and methodologies for assessing the functional safety of off-the-shelf instrumentation and control equipment across different industries. It reviews processes used in industries like nuclear power, oil and gas, defense, and compares them to standards like IEC 61508. The goal is to standardize functional safety assessments to provide more clarity for manufacturers and avoid uncertainty for industries selecting commercial equipment for high-risk applications. The thesis also evaluates specific instrumentation against these standards to demonstrate how standardization could work.
In addition to encouraging the consistency of code interpretations, the document addresses other aspects related to the NGV repair garages including: permitting, recommended practices, training, operations, and budgetary costs. Several case studies detailing the modifications and methods of compliance are also presented to provide a point of reference and to illustrate how others have upgraded existing garages for NGVs.
This report summarizes the research activities completed in task T3.4 (Research and identification of advanced confidentiality methods) in order to provide best practices for supporting software development in T3.5 (Reference Implementaton of Advanced Confidentiality Methods) [1].
In this deliverable, we documented the development research achievements regarding the PharmaLedger blockchain platform and many of the activities required to modify and improve the prerequisite blockchain technologies used to build the PharmaLedger platform. During this task, while implementing the platform, a series of challenges were identified and documented. In addition, innovations regarding smart contracts execution and changes regarding deployment of the blockchain platform were proposed. We believe that the implementation of the use cases will generate further suggestions for improvements.
Development and research continues and provides further input for the prerequisite blockchain technologies used to build the PharmaLedger platform.
Mobile Healthcare: Patient Data Delivery by Jim BloedauHIMSS
Mobile healthcare technologies are increasingly allowing clinicians to access patient data and documentation using wireless devices. These mobile patient data delivery systems can reduce the time clinicians spend moving between points of care and accessing paper records. They offer benefits like improved quality of care, increased clinical effectiveness, better patient safety, and workforce improvements. However, adoption challenges remain as clinicians must adapt to new technologies and address security concerns. Overall the mobile healthcare market is growing rapidly as wireless networks and devices transform how care is delivered and documented.
This report summarizes the development and testing of an algal growth model. The model simulates algal growth kinetics in open-channel raceways using coupled fluid dynamics and water quality modeling. The model accounts for factors such as nutrient availability, light, temperature, photosynthesis and carbon cycling that influence algal growth. The model is verified against analytical solutions and validated using example problems from literature. A sensitivity study is then performed to determine how variations in key parameters like light extinction, water depth, production and metabolic rates affect model output and algal biomass production.
This document provides an overview of cable television in the United States. It discusses how cable television originated to deliver broadcast signals to areas with poor reception. It evolved to provide additional channels from satellites. Today, cable television delivers dozens of channels to over 60% of US households. The document covers the technical aspects of cable systems, including their network design, frequency planning, and use of fiber optics and digital compression to increase channel capacity and support new services like video on demand.
This document provides an overview of the THERM 6.3 and WINDOW 6.3 simulation software manuals. It discusses key fenestration product characteristics that impact energy performance such as frame materials, glazing types, coatings, and edge spacers. The document also summarizes important fenestration heat transfer mechanisms including conduction, convection, radiation, U-factor, solar heat gain, visible transmittance and condensation resistance. Algorithms used in the THERM and WINDOW software are briefly described.
The document acknowledges contributions from organizations that assisted in producing a Department of Energy report on wind energy. It provides notice that the report was prepared in compliance with information quality guidelines and peer review processes. It also includes disclaimers about product endorsements and limitations on legal liability by the U.S. government. Contact information is provided for accessing the report electronically or purchasing it from the National Technical Information Service.
This document provides a summary of NEMA Standards Publication ICS 19-2002, which establishes standards for diagrams, device designations, and symbols used in industrial control and systems. The publication defines graphic symbols and conventions for wireless connection diagrams, device designations, terminal markings, and solid-state elements. It aims to provide consistency for understanding industrial automation diagrams. Tables and figures are included as examples.
This document provides information about antenna systems for law enforcement radio communications. It discusses land mobile radio systems and frequency bands used. It also covers fundamental antenna topics like radiation principles, characteristics of antennas like gain and polarization. Different antenna types are described such as dipoles, base station antennas, Yagi antennas and arrays. Transmission lines and other antenna components are also outlined. The purpose is to help law enforcement agencies understand antenna technology for their communications needs.
This chapter discusses time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for cable system diagnosis. TDR works by injecting a pulse into the cable and analyzing reflections to locate impedance discontinuities. Key factors in TDR testing include pulse amplitude, width, and injection method. TDR can detect faults, joints, taps, deteriorated neutrals, and water ingress. However, interpretation requires understanding how cable routing affects measured lengths and potential issues like "ghost" reflections. While useful, TDR also has limitations like requiring skilled operators and difficulty with some cable types or circuit configurations.
This document provides an introduction to the Cable Diagnostic Focused Initiative (CDFI) Phase II report. It summarizes that CDFI Phase II built on Phase I by performing additional diagnostic tests on cable systems, analyzing the data, and disseminating the results. The goal was to better understand cable condition assessment and how utilities can deploy diagnostics as an asset management tool. Key topics examined in Phase II included repeat testing, health indexing, damped AC tests, VLF Tan δ testing of three phase circuits, monitored withstand decision rules, and HV cable system testing.
This document provides definitions for terms related to cable system diagnostics. It includes definitions for topics like partial discharge testing, time domain reflectometry, cable rehabilitation methods, and the stages of a diagnostic program. The document represents the state of knowledge at the time of its 2016 release and readers are directed to the provided link for the most recent version. The document also includes legal disclaimers about the use of the information and ownership of the content.
This document provides guidance on selecting the most appropriate cable diagnostic program for a medium voltage cable system. It discusses the evolution of cable diagnostics from 2006 to 2014 based on surveys of over 100 utilities. The use of some techniques, such as very low frequency withstand tests, has increased in that time period due to improvements in equipment and knowledge. The document provides a five-step process called SAGE for selecting diagnostic techniques in a transparent manner and offers information and considerations to help users choose techniques that best suit their needs and risk tolerance.
NEETRAC (Chapter 3: HV and EHV Cable System Aging and Testing Issues)AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document discusses aging and testing issues for high voltage (HV) and extra high voltage (EHV) cable systems. It provides background on the evolution of HV/EHV cable construction over generations including changes to insulation, semiconducting insulation screens, jackets, and accessories. The document outlines various causes of increased local stress in cables over time like imperfections during manufacturing and installation. It also describes different diagnostic testing techniques used at HV and EHV levels to evaluate the condition of cable systems.
High Voltage On-Site Testing with Partial Discharge Measurement (Cigre 502)AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
During the life cycle of high voltage (HV) apparatus or systems many tests and measurements are performed to characterize the insulation condition. The results of these tests and
measurements should be compiled in a “life data record”, which supplies information on trends of diagnostic indicator values. The HV on-site test with partial discharge (PD) measurement has an intermediate position between routine tests and in-service monitoring measurements (on-line or offline)
This document provides an overview and analysis of energy employment data in the United States. It finds that traditional definitions of energy jobs fail to capture employment in important sectors like renewable energy, energy efficiency, and related services. The report aims to address these gaps by presenting employment data on electric power generation, transmission, energy efficiency, and motor vehicles. It finds significant employment in these emerging energy fields and varying hiring difficulties across US regions. The analysis was conducted using a proprietary employment survey and government data sources.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | USAID- Supply Chain Costing Tool User's ManualDr Dev Kambhampati
The Supply Chain Costing Tool (SCCT) is a Microsoft Excel-based software tool developed by USAID | DELIVER PROJECT to facilitate public health supply chain costing exercises. The tool guides users through collecting cost data from supply chain facilities, validating the data, and generating four reports that summarize costs. The manual provides step-by-step instructions on setting up and using the tool to conduct a costing study and produce indicators to inform supply chain management and planning.
The paper summarizes design guidance for computer-based procedures (CBPs) for field workers developed by researchers at the Idaho National Laboratory. Based on studies of existing CBP systems and user needs, the guidance provides recommendations for 8 high-level design requirements to improve over paper-based procedures currently used in nuclear power plants. The requirements address making information context-sensitive, supporting flexible task flows, guiding workers through logical steps, enabling review of records, and improving communication. Specific implementation examples are given. The goal is to increase efficiency and safety by enhancing the human-computer interaction compared to traditional procedures.
(Ebook pdf) - engineering - doe fuel cell handbookJupira Silva
This document provides a summary of the 5th edition of the Fuel Cell Handbook published by the U.S. Department of Energy. It contains 12 chapters that cover topics such as the different types of fuel cells, their components and performance, fuel cell systems and applications. The handbook provides a comprehensive overview of fuel cell technology for stationary power generation, transportation and other uses. It includes discussions of demonstrations and field tests of fuel cells, as well as sample calculations and a detailed appendix with additional technical information.
IUCRC_EconImpactFeasibilityReport_FinalFinalJay Lee
This document summarizes a study assessing the economic impact evaluation efforts of the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (IUCRC) program. The study had three objectives: 1) assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current impact assessment strategy, 2) assess feasibility of obtaining credible quantitative estimates of economic impact, and 3) make recommendations to routinely collect such impact data. The study analyzed existing impact data, conducted pilot interviews with two centers, and interviewed representatives from three mature centers. It found that while current evaluations document outputs, outcomes and descriptions of impacts, they do not provide credible quantitative estimates of economic impact. However, the targeted interviews with center representatives and beneficiaries were able to obtain credible quantitative estimates of economic impacts such as improved R
This document describes the evolution of maintenance practices from reactive to preventive to condition-based/predictive maintenance. It discusses unmet needs in equipment, synchronization, and operations intelligence that condition-based maintenance addresses. The Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems methodology and tools are introduced, including the '5S' systematic approach and Watchdog Agent software. Several industrial projects involving companies like Toyota, GM, and GE applying these methods are then outlined.
This thesis examines standards and methodologies for assessing the functional safety of off-the-shelf instrumentation and control equipment across different industries. It reviews processes used in industries like nuclear power, oil and gas, defense, and compares them to standards like IEC 61508. The goal is to standardize functional safety assessments to provide more clarity for manufacturers and avoid uncertainty for industries selecting commercial equipment for high-risk applications. The thesis also evaluates specific instrumentation against these standards to demonstrate how standardization could work.
In addition to encouraging the consistency of code interpretations, the document addresses other aspects related to the NGV repair garages including: permitting, recommended practices, training, operations, and budgetary costs. Several case studies detailing the modifications and methods of compliance are also presented to provide a point of reference and to illustrate how others have upgraded existing garages for NGVs.
This report summarizes the research activities completed in task T3.4 (Research and identification of advanced confidentiality methods) in order to provide best practices for supporting software development in T3.5 (Reference Implementaton of Advanced Confidentiality Methods) [1].
In this deliverable, we documented the development research achievements regarding the PharmaLedger blockchain platform and many of the activities required to modify and improve the prerequisite blockchain technologies used to build the PharmaLedger platform. During this task, while implementing the platform, a series of challenges were identified and documented. In addition, innovations regarding smart contracts execution and changes regarding deployment of the blockchain platform were proposed. We believe that the implementation of the use cases will generate further suggestions for improvements.
Development and research continues and provides further input for the prerequisite blockchain technologies used to build the PharmaLedger platform.
Mobile Healthcare: Patient Data Delivery by Jim BloedauHIMSS
Mobile healthcare technologies are increasingly allowing clinicians to access patient data and documentation using wireless devices. These mobile patient data delivery systems can reduce the time clinicians spend moving between points of care and accessing paper records. They offer benefits like improved quality of care, increased clinical effectiveness, better patient safety, and workforce improvements. However, adoption challenges remain as clinicians must adapt to new technologies and address security concerns. Overall the mobile healthcare market is growing rapidly as wireless networks and devices transform how care is delivered and documented.
This report summarizes the development and testing of an algal growth model. The model simulates algal growth kinetics in open-channel raceways using coupled fluid dynamics and water quality modeling. The model accounts for factors such as nutrient availability, light, temperature, photosynthesis and carbon cycling that influence algal growth. The model is verified against analytical solutions and validated using example problems from literature. A sensitivity study is then performed to determine how variations in key parameters like light extinction, water depth, production and metabolic rates affect model output and algal biomass production.
This document provides an overview of cable television in the United States. It discusses how cable television originated to deliver broadcast signals to areas with poor reception. It evolved to provide additional channels from satellites. Today, cable television delivers dozens of channels to over 60% of US households. The document covers the technical aspects of cable systems, including their network design, frequency planning, and use of fiber optics and digital compression to increase channel capacity and support new services like video on demand.
This document provides an overview of the THERM 6.3 and WINDOW 6.3 simulation software manuals. It discusses key fenestration product characteristics that impact energy performance such as frame materials, glazing types, coatings, and edge spacers. The document also summarizes important fenestration heat transfer mechanisms including conduction, convection, radiation, U-factor, solar heat gain, visible transmittance and condensation resistance. Algorithms used in the THERM and WINDOW software are briefly described.
The document acknowledges contributions from organizations that assisted in producing a Department of Energy report on wind energy. It provides notice that the report was prepared in compliance with information quality guidelines and peer review processes. It also includes disclaimers about product endorsements and limitations on legal liability by the U.S. government. Contact information is provided for accessing the report electronically or purchasing it from the National Technical Information Service.
This document provides a summary of NEMA Standards Publication ICS 19-2002, which establishes standards for diagrams, device designations, and symbols used in industrial control and systems. The publication defines graphic symbols and conventions for wireless connection diagrams, device designations, terminal markings, and solid-state elements. It aims to provide consistency for understanding industrial automation diagrams. Tables and figures are included as examples.
This document provides information about antenna systems for law enforcement radio communications. It discusses land mobile radio systems and frequency bands used. It also covers fundamental antenna topics like radiation principles, characteristics of antennas like gain and polarization. Different antenna types are described such as dipoles, base station antennas, Yagi antennas and arrays. Transmission lines and other antenna components are also outlined. The purpose is to help law enforcement agencies understand antenna technology for their communications needs.
This document provides an early draft specification for Java Data Objects (JDO) 2.0. It includes information on the scope and target audience of JDO 2.0, as well as acknowledgements and a table of contents for the specification. The document is copyrighted by Sun Microsystems and outlines licensing terms for use and evaluation of the specification.
This document provides requirements for implementing self-organizing network (SON) and operations and maintenance (O&M) use cases as recommended by the NGMN Alliance. It describes requirements for self-configuration use cases like planning and optimizing radio parameters for new network nodes. It also outlines requirements for self-optimization use cases such as neighbor cell list optimization and interference control. Additional sections cover fault management and correction requirements as well as O&M related SON use cases. The document is intended to provide vendors with guidelines for developing SON solutions that are generic, align with 3GPP standards, and address key use cases identified by mobile network operators.
This document provides definitions and guidelines for different types of machine enclosures and cooling methods to protect electric motors and generators from environmental hazards. It defines open, dripproof, splash-proof, semi-guarded, guarded, and totally enclosed machine enclosures. It also discusses various cooling methods including open, pipe-ventilated, fan-cooled, water-cooled, and air-over cooling. The purpose is to help users and manufacturers select appropriate machines for different applications and environments to reduce safety hazards.
This document provides general instructions for handling, installing, operating, and maintaining busway rated 600 volts or less. It covers feeder and plug-in busways, as well as associated accessories. The document gives guidance on unpacking, hoisting, hanging, joint assembly, grounding, mounting plug-in devices, protection from contaminants, energizing equipment, maintenance, permissible loading, and operating conditions. Adherence to these instructions will help ensure the safe use of busway systems.
2x2 Wi-Fi Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch ArraySteafán Sherlock
This document describes the design and simulation of a circularly polarized microstrip antenna array by Steafán Sherlock for his Bachelor of Engineering degree. It includes chapters on microstrip antennas, antenna parameters, the design of a single patch antenna and a 2x2 array, and results from simulating and measuring the array's performance. The antenna was designed to operate at 2.4GHz for Wi-Fi applications and incorporate circular polarization to overcome issues from device orientation. Simulation and measurement results showed the antenna array had high gain, directivity, and circular polarization as required.
This document provides a summary of the Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide, which discusses how to optimize performance in Oracle Database. It covers topics such as performance planning, instance tuning, SQL tuning, and performance tools. The guide contains multiple parts that cover performance planning, optimizing instance performance, and automatic performance diagnostics. It describes features, tools, and methods for improving database performance.
This document discusses using synchrophasor data for voltage stability assessment. It describes the roles and responsibilities of transmission operators and reliability coordinators regarding voltage stability. Synchrophasor technology provides high-resolution, time-synchronized measurements that can be used to continuously monitor voltage stability conditions across wide areas. The NASPI held a workshop where vendors tested synchrophasor-based voltage stability tools on standardized test cases. Results showed tools could accurately determine stability margins and identify limiting contingencies in real-time using PMU data.
The document summarizes night vision technologies, including image intensification, thermography, and integrated night vision. It provides an overview of applications for law enforcement, fire/rescue, natural resources, security, engineering, and medicine. Acquisition considerations are discussed for common night vision devices, image intensifiers, and thermal imagers. Accessories like eyeguards, illuminators, and headgear are also reviewed. The document aims to assist emergency responders in selecting and using night vision equipment.
This document provides guidelines for CAD layer standards for mechanical, plumbing and fire protection drawings. It summarizes the SMACNA CAD Standard, which was developed to promote consistency in CAD layer naming and organization. The standard builds upon the National CAD Standard and provides layer naming conventions for elements from various disciplines to allow for efficient sharing and manipulation of data between design professionals using CAD software. It includes recommendations for layer structure, guidelines for layer use, and specific layer names for mechanical, plumbing and fire protection components to facilitate coordination and integration of building information.
This document provides instructions for installing Oracle Database Client on Windows systems. It discusses installation overview, types of installations, preinstallation tasks, the installation process, and postinstallation tasks. It also covers uninstalling Oracle Database Client and troubleshooting the installation process.
0859 - Update White Paper Choosing Linux for Medical Devices_NO_cover Ken Herold
This document provides a table of contents for a white paper discussing the advantages and challenges of using Linux in medical devices. The table of contents lists eight sections that will be covered in the white paper, including executive summary, advantages of open source Linux, regulatory perspectives, cybersecurity concerns, security best practices, intellectual property assurance, implementation support options, and conclusions.
This document provides reference information about components in Multisim 8 software. It includes chapters describing different types of source components like grounding, voltage sources, current sources, and modulation sources. It also includes license agreement information and instructions that the user must agree to the terms before installing the software.
Reliability based design and acceptance protocol for driven pilesAlexASquare1
This dissertation focuses on developing a reliability-based design and acceptance protocol for driven pile foundations using load and resistance factor design (LRFD). The current Arkansas specifications have limitations that result in designs of questionable reliability. The research assembles a database of pile load tests and develops a MATLAB program to compute resistance factors using reliability methods like first-order second moment and Monte Carlo simulation. It also addresses updating resistance factors when new load tests are added using Bayesian techniques. A full-scale pile load testing program is recommended to verify the developed protocol.
NIST 800-125 a DRAFT (HyperVisor Security)David Sweigert
This document provides security recommendations for hypervisor deployment. It discusses architectural choices for hypervisors, including whether the hypervisor is installed on bare metal or another OS, and whether it uses hardware or software for virtualization support. It also covers potential threats related to the hypervisor's baseline functions, such as execution isolation for VMs and device emulation. The document then provides security recommendations based on these architectural choices and hypervisor functions. It focuses recommendations on device emulation and access control, as well as VM management functions like memory and CPU allocation, image management, and security monitoring of VMs.
The document discusses penetration testing methodologies used by EC-Council. It describes several certification programs offered through EC-Council Press that provide training for security analysts, network security administrators, disaster recovery professionals and other IT security roles. The document also outlines EC-Council's mission to address the need for well-educated information security practitioners and describes the organization's global network of subject matter experts who help set cybersecurity standards.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Oracle Clusterware and Real Application Clusters (RAC). It describes the software components and architecture of Oracle Clusterware and RAC. It also provides an overview of installing and managing Oracle Clusterware and RAC environments. Key topics covered include workload management, high availability, tools for administration and monitoring, and considerations for designing RAC environments.
Similar to NEETRAC (Chapter 11: Metallic Shield Assessment) (18)
This document describes procedures for testing power transformers at AREVA's factory in Gebze, Turkey. It outlines both routine and type tests performed on transformers to check electrical characteristics and dielectric strength according to customer specifications and industry standards. Routine tests include measuring voltage ratios, winding resistances, losses, dielectric strength, and tap changer operation. Type tests evaluate temperature rise, impedances, insulation levels, sound, and impulse withstand capabilities. Test equipment used is also listed. The document provides details on measurement methods and circuits for key tests like voltage ratios, winding resistances, and vector relationships.
IEEE Guide for the Application and Interpretation of FRA for oil TransformerAHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
This document provides guidelines for performing frequency response analysis (FRA) on oil-immersed power transformers. It covers instrumentation requirements, test procedures, data analysis techniques, and recommendations for long-term data storage. FRA involves measuring a transformer's impedance and admittance characteristics over a range of frequencies to identify resonances that could lead to failures. The guidelines aim to standardize the FRA process for consistent evaluation of transformer condition and performance.
Guidelines for Unconventional Partial Discharge Measurement (CIGRE 444)AHMED MOHAMED HEGAB
Several non-conventional PD detection methods based on acoustic and electromagnetic phenomenon have been used for some time for PD detection on power cables, transformers, GIS and generators. Up to now there have not been accepted procedures and guidelines for “non-conventional methods” compared to conventional methods. There are many open questions including: calibration or sensitivity verification procedures, techniques for noise suppression, methods of
fault location, and energy equivalency, among others. The authors of this guide believe that now is the time to prepare guidelines and international recommendations for these non-conventional PD detection methods in order to ensure reproducible and comparative PD measurements on high voltage equipment between users.
The document discusses Tan Delta testing of medium voltage cables. It provides basics on cable insulation aging processes, defines Tan Delta as a measurement of the ratio of resistive to capacitive current in a cable, and explains that increasing Tan Delta values indicate worsening cable insulation condition. The document also outlines test parameters, how to interpret results based on IEEE criteria, and how to perform a Tan Delta test.
This document lists standard electrical power system device function numbers from ANSI C37.2. It includes 99 device functions numbered 1 through 99 with descriptions such as master element, time-delay starting or closing relay, AC time overcurrent relay, AC circuit breaker, exciter or DC generator relay, and machine or transformer thermal relay.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.