The document discusses the need for network security. It outlines trends showing that more information is being stored and communicated digitally, making assets more vulnerable. The objectives are to understand security services, threats, and why a comprehensive security program is necessary. Some key points made are that security was not originally a design priority for the internet; incidents are increasing in sophistication; and common solutions involve protection, detection and response measures like firewalls, encryption, authentication and auditing.

1. THE NEED FOR
NETWORK SECURITY
By Lahiru Ratnayake
( MBA(My), BSc(UK), DNIIT(in), IPICT, Dip. Network Eng. )

2. The Need for Web Security 2
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES
 Understand information security services
 Be aware of vulnerabilities and threats
 Realize why network security is necessary
 What are the elements of a comprehensive
security program

3. The Need for Web Security 3
TRENDS FOR INFORMATION
 More information is being created, stored, processed and
communicated using computers and networks
 Computers are increasingly interconnected, creating new
pathways to information assets
 The threats to information are becoming more widespread
and more sophisticated
 Productivity, competitiveness, are tied to the first two trends
 Third trend makes it inevitable that we are increasingly vulnerable
to the corruption or exploitation of information
INFORMATION IS THE MOST VALUABLE ASSET

4. The Need for Web Security 4
Information Security Services
 Confidentiality
 Integrity
 Authentication
 Nonrepudiation
 Access Control
 Availability

5. The Need for Web Security 5
Information Security Services
 Confidentiality
 Maintaining the privacy of data
 Integrity
 Detecting that the data is not tampered with
 Authentication
 Establishing proof of identity
 Nonrepudiation
 Ability to prove that the sender actually sent the data
 Access Control
 Access to information resources are regulated
 Availability
 Computer assets are available to authorized parties when needed

6. The Need for Web Security 6
 Collection of networks that communicate
 with a common set of protocols (TCP/IP)
 Collection of networks with
 no central control
 no central authority
 no common legal oversight or
regulations
 no standard acceptable use policy
 “wild west” atmosphere
What Is The Internet?

7. The Need for Web Security 7
Why Is Internet Security a
Problem?
 Security not a design
consideration
 Implementing change is
difficult
 Openness makes
machines easy targets
 Increasing complexity

8. The Need for Web Security 8
Common Network Security
Problems
 Network eavesdropping
 Malicious Data Modification
 Address spoofing (impersonation)
 ‘Man in the Middle’ (interception)
 Denial of Service attacks
 Application layer attacks

9. The Need for Web Security 9
Security Incidents are Increasing
Sophistication
of Hacker Tools
1990
1980
Technical
Knowledge
Required
High
Low 2000 -from Cisco Systems

10. The Need for Web Security 10
HACKED WWW HOMEPAGES
11/29/96
CIA
HOMEPAGE
DOJ
HOMEPAGE
USAF HOMEPAGE

11. The Need for Web Security 11
Problem is Worsening
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Jerusalem
Tequila
Michelangelo
Good Times
Melissa &
ILOVEYOU
Anna Kournikova
Code Red
Nimda
Badtrans
Source: CERT®
Coordination Center
Carnegie Mellon

12. The Need for Web Security 13
VIRUSES
Risk Threat Discovered Protection
TROJ_SIRCAM.A New !! Latest DAT
W32.Navidad 11/03/2000 11/06/2000
W95.MTX 8/17/2000 8/28/2000
W32.HLLW.QAZ.A 7/16/2000 7/18/2000
VBS.Stages.A 6/16/2000 6/16/2000
VBS.LoveLetter 5/04/2000 5/05/2000
VBS.Network 2/18/2000 2/18/2000
Wscript.KakWorm 12/27/1999 12/27/1999
W32.Funlove.4099 11/08/1999 11/11/1999
PrettyPark.Worm 6/04/1999 6/04/1999
Happy99.Worm 1/28/1999 1/28/1999

13. The Need for Web Security 14
Consider that…
 90% of companies detected computer
security breaches in the last 12 months
 59% cited the Internet as the most
frequent origin of attack
 74% acknowledged financial losses
due to computer breaches
 85% detected computer viruses
Source: Computer Security Institute

14. The Need for Web Security 15
WHO ARE THE OPPONENTS?
 49% are inside employees on
the internal network
 17% come from dial-up (still
inside people)
 34% are from Internet or an
external connection to another
company of some sort
HACKERS

15. The Need for Web Security 16
HACKER MOTIVATIONS
 Money, profit
 Access to additional resources
 Experimentation and desire to
learn
 “Gang” mentality
 Psychological needs
 Self-gratification
 Personal vengeance
 Emotional issues
 Desire to embarrass the target

16. The Need for Web Security 17
Internet Security?
Spoofing
Replay Attack

17. The Need for Web Security 18
What Do People Do When They
Hear All These?
 Take the risks!
 But there are solutions
 Ignoring the situation is not
one of them

18. The Need for Web Security 19
THE MOST COMMON EXCUSES
 So many people are on the
Internet, I'm just a face in
the crowd. No one would
pick me out.
 I'm busy. I can't become a
security expert--I don't have
time, and it's not important
enough
 No one could possibly be interested in my information
 Anti-virus software slows down my processor speed
too much.
 I don't use anti-virus software because I never open
viruses or e-mail attachments from people I don't
know.

19. The Need for Web Security 20
SANS Five Worst Security Mistakes
End Users Make
1. Opening unsolicited e-mail attachments without
verifying their source and checking their content
first.
2. Failing to install security patches-especially for
Microsoft Office, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and
Netscape.
3. Installing screen savers or games from unknown
sources.
4. Not making and testing backups.
5. Using a modem while connected through a local
area network.

20. The Need for Web Security 21
SECURITY COUNTERMEASURES
THREE PHASE APPROACH
PROTECTION
DETECTION
RESPONSE

21. The Need for Web Security 22
ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE
SECURITY PROGRAM
 Have Good Passwords
 Use Good Antiviral Products
 Use Good Cryptography
 Have Good Firewalls
 Have a Backup System
 Audit and Monitor Systems and Networks
 Have Training and Awareness Programs
 Test Your Security Frequently

22. The Need for Web Security 23
CRYPTOGRAPHY
Necessity is the mother of invention, and
computer networks are the mother of modern
cryptography.
Ronald L. Rivest
 Symmetric Key Cryptography
 Public Key Cryptography
 Digital Signatures

23. The Need for Web Security 24
Firewall
Visible
IP
Address
Internal
Network
PC Servers
Host
A system or group of systems that enforces an access control
policy between two networks.

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THANK YOU
I have questions…