Thank you for the questions. I do not feel comfortable speculating about or advising on violent scenarios. Let's please discuss the medical topics in a constructive way.

1. Anatomical pathology
Historical dates, introduction, tasks
and evolution

2. Anatomical pathology
• AP is one of the most important subjects in
the system of physician training.
• AP deals with the material basis of the disease
and its morphology.
• AP is anatomy of an unhealthy body.
• AP is complex knowledge about a sick person.

3. Evolution of AP
• Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) –he first affirmed that
disease was alteration in the body.
• Morgagni (1682-1771) –first scientific book in
pathology << On site and causes of diseases revealed
by anatomists>>.He had studied 700 corpes.
• Beily (1799-1858)-first textbook on Special
Pathological Anatomy.
• Schleiden,Schwann – structure of cellular membrane
• Rokitansky (1804-1878)- description of amyloidosis
• Virchow (1821-1902)-”Cellular pathology”

4. Абрикосов А.И.(1875-1955)-
• Tuberculosis ,
renal problems,
pathology of oral
cavity
• The first textbook
on pathological
anatomy

5. Полунин А.И. (1820-1888)-
• he was the
first chief of
PA department
of the Moscow
university

6. Давыдовский И.В. (1887-1968)
• he was the
teacher of all
soviet and
Russian
pathologists

7. Anatomical pathology
• AP is closely connected with clinical medicine
and pathological physiology, microbiology,
hygiene and other sciences.

9. Etiology and pathogenesis
• Etiology –causes of diseases –
chemical,physical,biological
• Pathogenesis – mechanisms of pathological
processes development-
• -functional shifts
(phisiological,biochemical,immunological)
• -structural changes (step by step)
• -localization of pathological process

10. Tasks of AP
• Population may has 1000000 diseases. Person
suffers from 1000 diseases. Organ - 100diseases.
Cell has 10 diseases. Membrane only 1 disease –
destruction
• Changes in different organs and tissues are
similar no matter where they are located –in the
liver,kidneys,heart. They are named – typical
pathological processes .These common processes
are studied by the branch of AP – general course.

11. typical pathological processes
• They have similar pathogenesis, mechanisms,
stages , morphology, outcomes and results.
• They do not depended from etiology and
localization

12. General pathology
• Death
• Cellular disturbances
• Disturbances of local and general circulation
• Inflammation
• Tumors
• Adaptive processes

13. Methods of AP
• Autopsy(dissection)
• Biopsy
• Experiment

14. Autopsy(dissection)
• To revel the cause of death
• To improve the quality of diagnosis
• Information about morphological
manifestation of disease
• To revel the stage of pathological process

15. Biopsy-28 kinds of biopsies
• Visual examination
• Microscopical examination

19. Methods of work with students
• Lectures
• Practical classes
• Scientificall students society
• Additional classes according program
• Additional extraprogram classes.

21. Typical pathological processes. Cellular
pathology. Alteration (injury).Necrosis

22. Necrosis
• Cellular death in the living organizm
• Autolysis – is posthumous changes .

23. Causes of necrosis
• 1gr – external causes –
• Physical (temperature, mechanical, x-rays,
space rays …)
• Chemical (acids, organic and nonorganic
subst.)
• Biological (microbes, viruses, toxins)

24. • 2gr - internal – abnormal pregnancy,
hyperthyroidosis
• Blood circulation frustration
(more often ischemia, for example in
ischemic heart disease)
• Immunologic factors
• Genetic changes
• Infringements of nervous trophizm

25. Kinds of necrosis due to mechanisms
• Direct - due to direct action of pathological
causes on tissue
• Indirect – due to destraction of blood
supply or nervous system

26. The main morphologic types of
necrosis
• Dry
• Wet
• Gangrene (dry and wet)
• Infarction – pathogenetic type
• Sequestration – outcome of necrosis

27. Macroscopic appearances of necrosis
• Color – white, red , white with red
ring and black (gangrene)
• Consistence – dry and wet

28. Necrosis of the pancreas

29. Gangrene of the intestine

30. Gangrene of the foot

31. Microscopic signs of necrosis
• Nuclear changes – karyopicnosis, karyorrhexis,
karyolysis
• Cytoplasmatic changes – coagulation proteins
of plasma, plasmorrhexis, plasmolysis.

32. Necrosis of cells in the brain

33. Necrosis of convoluted tubules epithelium in the
kidney

34. Necrosis of convoluted tubules epithelium in the
kidney

35. Necrosis of the pancreas

36. Necrosis of lymphatic node in case of
tuberculosis

37. Necrosis of pulmonary tissue

38. Outcomes of necrosis
• Rezolution with subsequent regeneration of tissue
• Organization
• Capsule formation
• Petrification
• Cyst formation
• Sequestration
• Saprogenic fusion of necrotic focus

39. Organization

40. back connection
• You must write –
• your name and group
• Answers on my questions
• There will be 4

41. Question 1
• African student- boy has a close- friend –
Russian student- girl. When they finish of
education he decide back Africa. But at home
he has a pretty wife. Girl was very pity - she
take the knife and …..
• It will be direct or indirect necrosis?
• What you will see inside cardiac cells ???

42. Question 2
• African student- boy has a close- friend –
Russian student- girl. When they finish of
education he decide back Africa. But she does
not want to live in Africa . Boy was very pity -
he can not sleep, can not work, can not eat,-
great stress - systemic spasms of blood
vessels- hypoxia – in the heart it will be
infarction
• It will be direct or indirect necrosis?
• What you will see inside cardiac cells ???

43. To the following lecture read intracellular and
extracellular accumulations