This document provides an engineering geological mapping and liquefaction susceptibility analysis of Birendranagar Municipality and surrounding areas in Surkhet District, Nepal. The study was conducted through desk studies, field studies including auger drilling and standard penetration tests, laboratory tests, and analysis. Seven lithological units were identified in the area based on field observations and testing. Maps were developed showing the bearing capacity and liquefaction susceptibility in the study area. Limitations of the qualitative analysis conducted for liquefaction potential were also noted.
Geotechnical investigations dune sands of the thar desertInfocengrs63
This document summarizes the findings of geotechnical investigations conducted for power plant projects located in the Thar Desert region of Rajasthan, India. The investigations characterized the stratified dune sand soils, which are poorly graded, highly permeable, and meta-stable with a collapsible structure. Deeper soils exhibited increasing density and cementation. Foundation design recommendations included embedment into stable sand below the water table to achieve adequate bearing capacity. Careful planning and testing was needed to address the complex, vulnerable behavior of these desert soils.
This document provides an overview of pavement materials and roadbed soils, focusing on grain size analysis and Atterberg limits. It defines key terms like soil texture, grain size, particle shape, effective size, coefficient of uniformity, liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index. Methods for conducting grain size analysis using sieves and hydrometers are described. The Casagrande cup test for determining the liquid limit of a soil is explained. Engineering applications of grain size distribution and Atterberg limits are also discussed.
This document discusses various methods of compacting soils for pavement materials and roadbeds. It describes different types of compaction equipment and their uses depending on soil type, such as smooth wheel rollers, pneumatic rollers, sheepfoot rollers, tamping foot rollers, and mesh rollers. It also discusses variables that affect vibratory compaction and outlines field testing procedures for determining moisture content and relative compaction. The document provides specifications for compaction and emphasizes the importance of drainage to prevent issues caused by water in roadbed soils.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
The document discusses soil properties testing and investigation methods. It outlines the typical project sequence which includes site research, field reconnaissance, exploration, laboratory investigations, and reporting. Common objectives are to identify surface conditions, determine subsurface soil profiles, locate groundwater, recover samples, and conduct lab/field testing. Field tests discussed include standard penetration testing, cone penetration testing, vane shear testing, and plate load testing. Laboratory tests examine properties like moisture content, density, plasticity, gradation, shear strength, consolidation, and swelling. The results of these investigations and tests are used to evaluate soil bearing capacity and foundation design.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
This document provides an overview of two common soil classification systems used in pavement engineering: the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials system (AASHTO). It describes the purpose, key components, and procedures for classifying soils according to grain size, plasticity characteristics, and other properties in each system. Examples are provided to demonstrate how soil test data can be analyzed and soils assigned appropriate classifications under the USCS and AASHTO systems.
1. Soils are particulate materials that form from sedimentary or residual processes and contain a range of particle sizes from large particles like quartz down to very small clay particles.
2. Simple soil classification systems are needed for preliminary engineering design to determine properties like strength and stiffness from cheap, simple tests using core samples.
3. The most common classification systems are based on particle size using percentages of sand, silt, and clay, Atterberg limits for fine-grained soils, and systems like the Unified Soil Classification System which assigns a two-letter symbol based on grain size and plasticity.
Geotechnical investigations dune sands of the thar desertInfocengrs63
This document summarizes the findings of geotechnical investigations conducted for power plant projects located in the Thar Desert region of Rajasthan, India. The investigations characterized the stratified dune sand soils, which are poorly graded, highly permeable, and meta-stable with a collapsible structure. Deeper soils exhibited increasing density and cementation. Foundation design recommendations included embedment into stable sand below the water table to achieve adequate bearing capacity. Careful planning and testing was needed to address the complex, vulnerable behavior of these desert soils.
This document provides an overview of pavement materials and roadbed soils, focusing on grain size analysis and Atterberg limits. It defines key terms like soil texture, grain size, particle shape, effective size, coefficient of uniformity, liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index. Methods for conducting grain size analysis using sieves and hydrometers are described. The Casagrande cup test for determining the liquid limit of a soil is explained. Engineering applications of grain size distribution and Atterberg limits are also discussed.
This document discusses various methods of compacting soils for pavement materials and roadbeds. It describes different types of compaction equipment and their uses depending on soil type, such as smooth wheel rollers, pneumatic rollers, sheepfoot rollers, tamping foot rollers, and mesh rollers. It also discusses variables that affect vibratory compaction and outlines field testing procedures for determining moisture content and relative compaction. The document provides specifications for compaction and emphasizes the importance of drainage to prevent issues caused by water in roadbed soils.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
The document discusses soil properties testing and investigation methods. It outlines the typical project sequence which includes site research, field reconnaissance, exploration, laboratory investigations, and reporting. Common objectives are to identify surface conditions, determine subsurface soil profiles, locate groundwater, recover samples, and conduct lab/field testing. Field tests discussed include standard penetration testing, cone penetration testing, vane shear testing, and plate load testing. Laboratory tests examine properties like moisture content, density, plasticity, gradation, shear strength, consolidation, and swelling. The results of these investigations and tests are used to evaluate soil bearing capacity and foundation design.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
This document provides an overview of two common soil classification systems used in pavement engineering: the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials system (AASHTO). It describes the purpose, key components, and procedures for classifying soils according to grain size, plasticity characteristics, and other properties in each system. Examples are provided to demonstrate how soil test data can be analyzed and soils assigned appropriate classifications under the USCS and AASHTO systems.
1. Soils are particulate materials that form from sedimentary or residual processes and contain a range of particle sizes from large particles like quartz down to very small clay particles.
2. Simple soil classification systems are needed for preliminary engineering design to determine properties like strength and stiffness from cheap, simple tests using core samples.
3. The most common classification systems are based on particle size using percentages of sand, silt, and clay, Atterberg limits for fine-grained soils, and systems like the Unified Soil Classification System which assigns a two-letter symbol based on grain size and plasticity.
Petrophysical Analysis Of Reservoir Rock Of Kadanwari Gas [Autosaved]muhammad ali
This document outlines a petrophysical analysis of reservoir rock in the Kadanwari block. It includes an introduction, objectives, methodology, and results from analyzing well logs from four wells in the block. The analysis identified lithology, calculated shale volume, porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and net pay thickness. Maps were generated showing spatial variations in properties like shale content, porosity, water saturation, and net pay across the reservoir. The analysis concluded the sonic log provided reliable porosity calculations due to borehole irregularities affecting density and neutron logs. Water saturation was effectively calculated using the Indonesia model for the heterogeneous shaly sand reservoirs.
This presentation covers the topic of particle size classification, dry sieve analysis, wet sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, stokes law, methods of sedimentation analysis, Indian Standard Soil classification system.
The document discusses soil compaction for construction projects. It defines soil compaction as mechanically increasing the density of soil to make the ground surface suitable for development like buildings and roads. There are four main types of compaction effort: vibration, impact, kneading, and pressure. Proper compaction is important as it increases load-bearing capacity, prevents settling, and provides stability. The document also discusses different soil types and their properties, as well as basic principles and methods for field compaction.
Civil engineering materials & Construction - Soil explorationsGowtham G
This document provides information about site investigation and ground improvement techniques. It discusses the importance of site investigation, which involves preliminary investigations like reconnaissance and studying maps to understand soil conditions. Methods of site exploration include direct methods like test pits and indirect methods like the standard penetration test. The document also covers ground improvement techniques, noting the importance of determining a soil's safe bearing capacity. It discusses methods to test bearing capacity, like plate loading tests, and techniques to improve poor soils, as governed by relevant Indian Standards.
The document discusses soil investigation methods used to characterize soil properties for engineering projects. It describes different soil horizons defined by composition and depth. Key soil characteristics discussed include color, texture, aggregation, porosity, ion content, and pH. Common soil investigation techniques are also summarized, such as trial pitting, dynamic probe testing, cable percussive boreholes, and rotary drilled boreholes. The purposes of soil investigations are to determine suitability for construction and adequate foundation design while anticipating difficulties.
This document discusses the importance of soil testing for construction projects. Soil testing allows builders to verify soil stability and compaction to ensure structures remain strong. Various tests examine density, moisture content, and maximum compaction. Geotechnical engineers use soil analysis to inform recommendations for grading, drainage, foundations and more. Proper soil investigation and testing are essential parts of the planning process for construction.
The document summarizes various methods used to analyze soil properties for highway construction projects. It describes procedures for sieve analysis, liquid limit testing, plastic limit testing, and other methods to determine characteristics like density, bearing capacity, and moisture content that are used in designing roadway foundations and pavements. Preliminary soil surveys are also outlined to identify soil types and conditions along proposed routes to inform design and construction decisions.
cheat your presentations with one click!VisualBee.com
The document provides guidance for a field technician's role in upstream remedial excavation and soil sampling. It outlines responsibilities such as documenting the excavation process, directing soil movement based on screening, and collecting and logging soil samples according to different categories of excavation size and depth. Requirements are also described for tracking and sampling soils stockpiled onsite, with frequencies varying depending on pile size and soil impact levels. Proper documentation and following regulatory sampling procedures are emphasized.
The document is a geotechnical investigation report for a proposed housing development site in Sanepa, Lalitpur. It includes:
1) A summary of the field investigation conducted, including two boreholes drilled to 12m depth with standard penetration tests and soil sampling.
2) Details of the laboratory tests performed on soil samples, including moisture content, grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, consolidation testing, and shear strength testing.
3) An analysis of the soil properties to determine the allowable bearing capacity of the site's foundation soils based on ultimate capacity and tolerable settlement. The analysis finds the soils can support foundations without excessive settlement.
Site Investigation and Example of Soil SamplingJoana Bain
The document provides information on various soil testing methods conducted as part of a site investigation study. It discusses procedures for collecting undisturbed and disturbed soil samples, and conducting tests such as grain size analysis, Atterberg limits tests, relative density tests, and compaction tests. The purpose of the site investigation and specific laboratory tests are explained. Sample collection and testing is performed to obtain properties of the soil and understand its suitability for construction purposes.
This document discusses subsoil exploration, which involves collecting soil data through field and laboratory investigations to assess soil properties at a site. The main objectives are to determine the nature, depth, thickness, and extent of soil strata, as well as groundwater depth and properties. Exploration methods include direct techniques like test pits and borings, and indirect techniques like sounding tests and geophysical methods. Standard penetration tests are commonly used to determine properties of cohesionless soils by counting blows required to penetrate the soil. Corrections are applied to penetration values to account for overburden pressure and sample dilatancy.
This soil investigation report summarizes subsurface exploration and laboratory testing conducted for a proposed wind turbine foundation project. One borehole was drilled to a depth of 10 meters and standard penetration and sampling tests were performed. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected and subjected to various laboratory tests to determine physical and engineering properties. These included dry density, particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, shear strength, consolidation, and free swell tests. The results were analyzed to evaluate the subsurface conditions and provide a safe bearing capacity for foundation design of the wind turbine.
The document summarizes the properties of soil that are important for pavement design. It describes tests conducted to determine the soil's specific gravity, Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability. The soil was found to have a liquid limit of 43%, plastic limit of 21%, and be classified as silt with 86% silt and 14% clay based on grain size analysis. The optimum moisture content was determined to be 14% with a maximum dry density of 1.72 g/cc. The unconfined compressive strength was also measured at different time intervals.
This document discusses site investigation techniques using in situ testing. It describes penetration tests like the standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) which measure penetration resistance. It also discusses strength and compressibility tests like the field vane shear test and pressure meter test. Finally, it discusses permeability tests like rising/falling head tests and constant head tests. The document focuses on the SPT, providing details on the procedure, equipment used, and corrections that must be applied to raw SPT N-values to account for overburden pressure, hammer energy, borehole diameter, and other factors.
Feng Guo completed an online course from the University of Minnesota titled "From GPS and Google Maps to Spatial Computing" with distinction in December 2014. The course introduced fundamentals of spatial computing including positioning, spatial querying, location-based services, and volunteered geographic information. Students gained hands-on experience querying, analyzing, and mapping spatial data. The document does not confer credit or a degree from the University of Minnesota.
Este documento define una exposición como la presentación clara y estructurada de ideas sobre un tema para informar o convencer a un público. Detalla los elementos clave de una exposición como el emisor, receptor y su relación, y características como ser convincente, claro y demostrar dominio del tema. Además, explica los pasos para hacer una exposición oral como decidir el tema, buscar información, elaborar un guión, y exponer ante el auditorio.
Glass is increasingly being used in building projects due to its transparency and ability to bring natural light indoors. However, adding color film to glass can provide aesthetic benefits and practical uses. For example, a school for partially sighted children added colored window film to skylights to create colored light streams that helped students identify locations. Colored window film is a low-cost upgrade option for existing buildings or new projects, bringing creative design possibilities while also improving energy efficiency.
Los procedimientos almacenados de SQL Server funcionan de manera similar a los procedimientos de otros lenguajes de programación, permitiendo aceptar parámetros de entrada y devolver valores, contener instrucciones que operan en la base de datos e indicar el estado de la operación. Se crean utilizando comandos CREATE y se modifican y eliminan en el Explorador de objetos.
SQL Server es un sistema de base de datos relacional desarrollado por Microsoft que utiliza el lenguaje Transact-SQL. Almacena datos en tablas relacionales y permite la creación, modificación y eliminación de bases de datos y sus objetos a través de comandos como CREATE, ALTER y DROP. Las bases de datos TEMPDB, MASTER y MSDB almacenan información temporal, de configuración y trabajos/tareas respectivamente.
The document summarizes daily commodity outlooks for gold, silver, and crude on the MCX exchange. On the day, gold ended with modest losses while silver and crude ended with modest gains. Technical indicators like RSI and stochastic signals suggest selling pressure for gold and buying support for silver and crude. Key resistance and support levels are provided. The US economic calendar for the coming week is also summarized.
Una vista es una tabla virtual en una base de datos que muestra los datos de una o más tablas reales definidos por una consulta. Las vistas pueden actualizarse y consultarse como tablas normales aunque no tengan una representación física. Se crean usando la sentencia CREATE VIEW y se eliminan con DROP VIEW. Las vistas son útiles para organizar y resumir datos de diferentes tablas de una base de datos.
Petrophysical Analysis Of Reservoir Rock Of Kadanwari Gas [Autosaved]muhammad ali
This document outlines a petrophysical analysis of reservoir rock in the Kadanwari block. It includes an introduction, objectives, methodology, and results from analyzing well logs from four wells in the block. The analysis identified lithology, calculated shale volume, porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and net pay thickness. Maps were generated showing spatial variations in properties like shale content, porosity, water saturation, and net pay across the reservoir. The analysis concluded the sonic log provided reliable porosity calculations due to borehole irregularities affecting density and neutron logs. Water saturation was effectively calculated using the Indonesia model for the heterogeneous shaly sand reservoirs.
This presentation covers the topic of particle size classification, dry sieve analysis, wet sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, stokes law, methods of sedimentation analysis, Indian Standard Soil classification system.
The document discusses soil compaction for construction projects. It defines soil compaction as mechanically increasing the density of soil to make the ground surface suitable for development like buildings and roads. There are four main types of compaction effort: vibration, impact, kneading, and pressure. Proper compaction is important as it increases load-bearing capacity, prevents settling, and provides stability. The document also discusses different soil types and their properties, as well as basic principles and methods for field compaction.
Civil engineering materials & Construction - Soil explorationsGowtham G
This document provides information about site investigation and ground improvement techniques. It discusses the importance of site investigation, which involves preliminary investigations like reconnaissance and studying maps to understand soil conditions. Methods of site exploration include direct methods like test pits and indirect methods like the standard penetration test. The document also covers ground improvement techniques, noting the importance of determining a soil's safe bearing capacity. It discusses methods to test bearing capacity, like plate loading tests, and techniques to improve poor soils, as governed by relevant Indian Standards.
The document discusses soil investigation methods used to characterize soil properties for engineering projects. It describes different soil horizons defined by composition and depth. Key soil characteristics discussed include color, texture, aggregation, porosity, ion content, and pH. Common soil investigation techniques are also summarized, such as trial pitting, dynamic probe testing, cable percussive boreholes, and rotary drilled boreholes. The purposes of soil investigations are to determine suitability for construction and adequate foundation design while anticipating difficulties.
This document discusses the importance of soil testing for construction projects. Soil testing allows builders to verify soil stability and compaction to ensure structures remain strong. Various tests examine density, moisture content, and maximum compaction. Geotechnical engineers use soil analysis to inform recommendations for grading, drainage, foundations and more. Proper soil investigation and testing are essential parts of the planning process for construction.
The document summarizes various methods used to analyze soil properties for highway construction projects. It describes procedures for sieve analysis, liquid limit testing, plastic limit testing, and other methods to determine characteristics like density, bearing capacity, and moisture content that are used in designing roadway foundations and pavements. Preliminary soil surveys are also outlined to identify soil types and conditions along proposed routes to inform design and construction decisions.
cheat your presentations with one click!VisualBee.com
The document provides guidance for a field technician's role in upstream remedial excavation and soil sampling. It outlines responsibilities such as documenting the excavation process, directing soil movement based on screening, and collecting and logging soil samples according to different categories of excavation size and depth. Requirements are also described for tracking and sampling soils stockpiled onsite, with frequencies varying depending on pile size and soil impact levels. Proper documentation and following regulatory sampling procedures are emphasized.
The document is a geotechnical investigation report for a proposed housing development site in Sanepa, Lalitpur. It includes:
1) A summary of the field investigation conducted, including two boreholes drilled to 12m depth with standard penetration tests and soil sampling.
2) Details of the laboratory tests performed on soil samples, including moisture content, grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, consolidation testing, and shear strength testing.
3) An analysis of the soil properties to determine the allowable bearing capacity of the site's foundation soils based on ultimate capacity and tolerable settlement. The analysis finds the soils can support foundations without excessive settlement.
Site Investigation and Example of Soil SamplingJoana Bain
The document provides information on various soil testing methods conducted as part of a site investigation study. It discusses procedures for collecting undisturbed and disturbed soil samples, and conducting tests such as grain size analysis, Atterberg limits tests, relative density tests, and compaction tests. The purpose of the site investigation and specific laboratory tests are explained. Sample collection and testing is performed to obtain properties of the soil and understand its suitability for construction purposes.
This document discusses subsoil exploration, which involves collecting soil data through field and laboratory investigations to assess soil properties at a site. The main objectives are to determine the nature, depth, thickness, and extent of soil strata, as well as groundwater depth and properties. Exploration methods include direct techniques like test pits and borings, and indirect techniques like sounding tests and geophysical methods. Standard penetration tests are commonly used to determine properties of cohesionless soils by counting blows required to penetrate the soil. Corrections are applied to penetration values to account for overburden pressure and sample dilatancy.
This soil investigation report summarizes subsurface exploration and laboratory testing conducted for a proposed wind turbine foundation project. One borehole was drilled to a depth of 10 meters and standard penetration and sampling tests were performed. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected and subjected to various laboratory tests to determine physical and engineering properties. These included dry density, particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, shear strength, consolidation, and free swell tests. The results were analyzed to evaluate the subsurface conditions and provide a safe bearing capacity for foundation design of the wind turbine.
The document summarizes the properties of soil that are important for pavement design. It describes tests conducted to determine the soil's specific gravity, Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability. The soil was found to have a liquid limit of 43%, plastic limit of 21%, and be classified as silt with 86% silt and 14% clay based on grain size analysis. The optimum moisture content was determined to be 14% with a maximum dry density of 1.72 g/cc. The unconfined compressive strength was also measured at different time intervals.
This document discusses site investigation techniques using in situ testing. It describes penetration tests like the standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) which measure penetration resistance. It also discusses strength and compressibility tests like the field vane shear test and pressure meter test. Finally, it discusses permeability tests like rising/falling head tests and constant head tests. The document focuses on the SPT, providing details on the procedure, equipment used, and corrections that must be applied to raw SPT N-values to account for overburden pressure, hammer energy, borehole diameter, and other factors.
Feng Guo completed an online course from the University of Minnesota titled "From GPS and Google Maps to Spatial Computing" with distinction in December 2014. The course introduced fundamentals of spatial computing including positioning, spatial querying, location-based services, and volunteered geographic information. Students gained hands-on experience querying, analyzing, and mapping spatial data. The document does not confer credit or a degree from the University of Minnesota.
Este documento define una exposición como la presentación clara y estructurada de ideas sobre un tema para informar o convencer a un público. Detalla los elementos clave de una exposición como el emisor, receptor y su relación, y características como ser convincente, claro y demostrar dominio del tema. Además, explica los pasos para hacer una exposición oral como decidir el tema, buscar información, elaborar un guión, y exponer ante el auditorio.
Glass is increasingly being used in building projects due to its transparency and ability to bring natural light indoors. However, adding color film to glass can provide aesthetic benefits and practical uses. For example, a school for partially sighted children added colored window film to skylights to create colored light streams that helped students identify locations. Colored window film is a low-cost upgrade option for existing buildings or new projects, bringing creative design possibilities while also improving energy efficiency.
Los procedimientos almacenados de SQL Server funcionan de manera similar a los procedimientos de otros lenguajes de programación, permitiendo aceptar parámetros de entrada y devolver valores, contener instrucciones que operan en la base de datos e indicar el estado de la operación. Se crean utilizando comandos CREATE y se modifican y eliminan en el Explorador de objetos.
SQL Server es un sistema de base de datos relacional desarrollado por Microsoft que utiliza el lenguaje Transact-SQL. Almacena datos en tablas relacionales y permite la creación, modificación y eliminación de bases de datos y sus objetos a través de comandos como CREATE, ALTER y DROP. Las bases de datos TEMPDB, MASTER y MSDB almacenan información temporal, de configuración y trabajos/tareas respectivamente.
The document summarizes daily commodity outlooks for gold, silver, and crude on the MCX exchange. On the day, gold ended with modest losses while silver and crude ended with modest gains. Technical indicators like RSI and stochastic signals suggest selling pressure for gold and buying support for silver and crude. Key resistance and support levels are provided. The US economic calendar for the coming week is also summarized.
Una vista es una tabla virtual en una base de datos que muestra los datos de una o más tablas reales definidos por una consulta. Las vistas pueden actualizarse y consultarse como tablas normales aunque no tengan una representación física. Se crean usando la sentencia CREATE VIEW y se eliminan con DROP VIEW. Las vistas son útiles para organizar y resumir datos de diferentes tablas de una base de datos.
Este documento discute los conceptos clave de diseño de bases de datos, incluyendo normalización, integridad, seguridad y rendimiento. Explica que la normalización evita redundancia y protege la integridad de los datos. También cubre el mantenimiento de bases de datos y la estimación del tamaño requerido.
Os alunos criaram um roteiro turístico de Vila Viçosa com fotos e maquetes de locais históricos, como igrejas, castelos e ermidas. Eles construíram arcos com materiais reciclados para representar os pontos de interesse. O projeto visa promover o património cultural e turismo da região.
Слайды с мастер-класса о совместном применении Теории Ограничений Систем (ТОС) и Теории Изобретательских Задач (ТРИЗ). Показаны 24.09.2015 на встрече клуба Санкт-Петербургских ИТ проектных менеджеров (https://plus.google.com/u/0/communities/108809460896106613736).
Carnahan Advisors presents Divorce 101, which identifies the types and costs of divorce, marital vs. non-marital assets, alimony structures, child support guidelines, and all of the crucial tangible and intangible aspects you need to be aware of before finalizing your divorce.
This document summarizes a talk on Sigma protocols and zero-knowledge proofs. Sigma protocols form the basis for building efficient zero-knowledge proofs. They allow a prover to convince a verifier that they know a secret witness for a statement, without revealing the witness. Schnorr's protocol is provided as a simple example of a Sigma protocol for proving knowledge of discrete logarithms. More advanced applications include building zero-knowledge proofs for statements involving AND, OR, and other logical combinations. Sigma protocols can also construct commitment schemes, non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs, and digital signatures when combined with cryptographic primitives like hash functions and random oracles.
Este documento resume las capacidades motoras, dividiéndolas en capacidades condicionales (fuerza, velocidad y resistencia) y capacidades coordinativas (orientación, equilibrio, ritmo, anticipación). Explica los diferentes tipos de fuerza, velocidad y resistencia, así como ejemplos de capacidades coordinativas específicas y complejas.
Este documento trata sobre el lenguaje corporal. Explica conceptos como la proxémica, kinésica y paralingüística. Describe los diferentes tipos de gestos como los de la cara, posición de brazos y manos. Incluye preguntas sobre el significado de gestos y elementos del lenguaje no verbal como la posición de los pies y las pupilas.
This document summarizes the generation of a geological database for assessing liquefaction hazards in Kathmandu valley, Nepal. The methodology included collecting 185 borehole logs, developing layer models from the data, and analyzing liquefaction susceptibility both qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis used factors like depth to water table, grain size, and age of deposits to assign susceptibility scores. Quantitative analysis used methods by Seed/Idriss and Iwasaki to estimate liquefaction potential for different peak ground acceleration levels. Maps produced showed zones of high, moderate, low, and very low liquefaction susceptibility across the valley. The database created will support earthquake hazard and risk assessments as well as infrastructure development planning.
Well Log Interpretation and Petrophysical Analisis in [Autosaved]Ridho Nanda Pratama
PT. Halliburton Logging Service is a branch of Halliburton that provides completion and production services, drilling, and reservoir evaluation to oil companies in Sumatra, Indonesia. Dery Marsan and Ridho Nanda Pratama completed an on-job training program at Halliburton from August to September 2015. Their project involved well log analysis to determine water saturation and the most suitable water resistivity parameters in two formations, with the objectives of identifying water zones, evaluating challenges around determining petrophysical parameters, and analyzing well data. Their analysis identified both water-bearing and possible oil-bearing zones through evaluation of gamma ray, resistivity, neutron-density crossplots, and other well logs.
This document provides an overview of basic well logging design, including:
- An agenda for a one-day course on well logging that includes lectures, breaks, and a workshop
- Objectives of familiarizing participants with log measurements, interpreting lithology and fluid types, understanding factors affecting logs, and designing well logging programs
- A definition of well logs as continuous depth records of formation properties acquired by lowering measurement tools into boreholes
The document provides an overview of the different stages of transmission line construction including planning, approvals, feasibility studies, bidding, and execution. During the execution stage, key activities are discussed such as route alignment, surveying, soil investigation, tower foundation construction, tower erection, stringing of conductors, and commissioning. Specifically, it outlines the process for soil investigation including boring, sampling, testing, and classification of soils. It also describes different types of tower foundations that may be used based on soil conditions such as pyramid, pad and step, undercut, block, pile, and rock anchor foundations.
Geophysical methods of soil/Foundation testing Pirpasha Ujede
Geophysical methods such as seismic refraction and resistivity testing provide non-invasive subsurface investigation over large areas more quickly and cheaply than traditional boring and testing. However, geophysical results require interpretation and are less definitive. Both methods are important, with geophysical testing used for initial screening and borings to accurately determine soil properties. Seismic refraction uses shock waves to determine layer velocities and depths, while resistivity measures subsurface resistivity variations related to moisture, compaction, and material to infer stratigraphy.
The document discusses subsurface investigations for foundations. It describes various methods used for soil exploration including test pits, borings, geophysical methods, and in-situ tests. The key methods covered are auger boring, wash boring, rotary drilling, percussion drilling, standard penetration test, and cone penetration test. The document also discusses planning exploration programs, sampling techniques, factors affecting depth and spacing of boreholes, and interpretation of soil exploration data for foundation design.
Petrophysical analysis of reservoir rock of kadanwari gas [autosaved]muhammad ali
This document summarizes a petrophysical analysis of reservoir rock in the Kadanwari block. It outlines the objectives, methodology, and results of the analysis using well logs from four wells. Key findings include identifying eight hydrocarbon-bearing zones, calculating properties like porosity, water saturation, and net pay thickness. Maps of properties like shale distribution and porosity variation show lateral changes across the reservoir. The analysis provides reliable petrophysical data for evaluating this gas reservoir.
This document provides an introduction to applied geophysics. It discusses relevant textbooks and journals, as well as applications in engineering, environmental studies, mining, and groundwater. Geophysical methods measure physical properties like density, magnetic susceptibility, seismic velocity, resistivity, and dielectric constant. The targets of interest include rock type, pore fluid content, geometry, and other factors that influence porosity, density, strength, and other properties. Proper planning is required to design effective geophysical surveys and interpret the results.
Its a short presentation on the sub soil exploration.Its just representing the set method of sub soil exploration with its application. For report and abstract you can mail me on darkswagger001@gmail.com
A Presentation on Aquaculture Practical WorksAbdullahMoonzer
- The document summarizes experiments conducted as part of an aquaculture practical works course to evaluate an aquaculture site using various tests.
- Tests were conducted to determine the pond area, volume, and contour line of a sample pond called Komol Dighi. Soil quality tests including feel, drop, and jar tests were used to determine the soil was sandy loam.
- Water quality tests including secchi depth and dissolved oxygen levels indicated the pond productivity was healthy with over 30% dissolved oxygen saturation.
- The site was evaluated based on 12 criteria and scored to be 77.77% suitable for aquaculture, deemed a good site.
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1. Engineering Geological Mapping and
Liquefaction susceptibility analysis
Of
Birendranagar Municipality and the
surrounding areas Surkhet District
By
Birendra Piya (Sr. Div.Geologist)
G. R. Chitrakar (Sr.Div.Geologist)
2009
3. • Coordinates between 556000 to 3156000Coordinates between 556000 to 3156000
meters Northing and 566000 to 3166000meters Northing and 566000 to 3166000
meters Easting.meters Easting.
• Area covers 100 Sq. Km.Area covers 100 Sq. Km.
Introduction
Location
Surkhet
4. • Geologically the study area lies in the DunGeologically the study area lies in the Dun
valley in the mid-western developmentvalley in the mid-western development
region of Nepal.region of Nepal.
• The altitude of the study area varies fromThe altitude of the study area varies from
632m in the valley up to more than 1000m632m in the valley up to more than 1000m
msl in the surrounding hills.msl in the surrounding hills.
• It lies in the subtropical humid type ofIt lies in the subtropical humid type of
climateclimate
• The main rivers in the Valley are ItramThe main rivers in the Valley are Itram
Khola, Neware Khola, Jhupra Khola etcKhola, Neware Khola, Jhupra Khola etc
flowing from North to South.flowing from North to South.
Introduction
5.
6. Objectives
• To prepare an Engineering Geological map of
the study area to assist to prepare the
Engineering and Environmental Geological
Map as per the Departmental objective.
• To determine N-value of various layers of
the soil to estimate bearing capacity of the
land surface using SPT test.
• To delineate the area susceptible to
liquefaction hazard.
• To delineate the area susceptible to
settlement due to heavy loads on it.
7. 1. Desk Study:
Aerial Photographs, Satellite imageries, Topo maps
were studied to obtain the overall view and plan of
the study area.
2. Field study:
Auger hole drilling and Standard Penetration Test
(SPT), were carried out in the field to obtain
necessary data.
3. Field outputs:
–75 auger holes and 40 SPT tests were
performed during the field.
–Some soil samples were collected for the
laboratory tests.
Methodology
8. Methodology Contd.
Tools used to carry out analysis
–Winsieve 5, Ilwis 3.2, Rockworks
2002, Spreadsheet
Laboratory tests.
– Liquid limit, plastic limit, Sieve
analysis, Moisture content.
19. ResultGrainsizeanalysis
The soil sediments are well graded to uniformly
graded.
Very Low Permeability value ranging from 2.7 X 10-5
to 3.8 X 10-5
m/s.
Sediment classes are:-
Silty sand, Sandy silt and fine to medium sand
Limitation: Hydrometer test is not performed.
20. Representative Soil Sample Analysis Report
S
P
T
N
o Depth M- %
Fi
% fs
m
s cs
f
g
m
g
c
g D10
D30
D50
D60
D60
/D10
=U
D30
2
/D10
xD60
=C k m/s Symbol Permeability
1
a
1.0-
1.45
39.9
3
9
2 2 1 1 2 1
0.048
7
0.052
2
0.055
7
0.057
4 1.178 0.974 2.8x10-5
Uu Very low
1
b
2.0-
2.45
14.9
5
5
3
2
1
1
1
1
0 5 0.05 0.056 0.062
0.095
8 1.917 0.654 2.9x10-5
Us Very low
2
a
1.0-
1.45
12.4
3
2
7
3
4
2
7 4 2 5
0.052
8
0.076
7
0.166
3
0.204
1 3.862 0.546 3.2x10-5
Schwa
ch
kiesig Very low
2
b
2.0-
2.45
18.6
7
6
7
2
4 4 1 2 2
0.049
4
0.054
1
0.058
9
0.061
3 1.241 0.969 2.8x10-5
Us Very low
2
c
3.0-
3.45
19.4
1
6
6
2
6 7 1 1
0.049
4
0.054
3
0.059
2
0.061
7 1.247 0.968 2.8x10-5
Us Very low
2
d
4.0-
4.45
16.3
4
6
7
2
5 7 1
0.049
4
0.054
2 0.059
0.061
4 1.243 0.969 2.8x10-5
Us Very low
3
a
1.0-
1.45
16.1
1
6
0
2
8
1
1 1
0.049
7
0.055
1
0.060
4
0.064
6 1.3 0.944 2.9x10-5
Us Very low
3
b
2.0-
2.45 23.4
9
9 1 1 2 3
0.048
7
0.052
2
0.055
7
0.057
4 1.178 0.974 2.8x10-5
Uu Very low
3
c
3.0-
3.45
22.6
2
9
6 1 1 1 1
0.048
7 0.052
0.055
3 0.057 1.171 0.975 2.7x10-5
Uu Very low
4
a
1.0-
1.45
15.2
8
7
0
2
3 5 2
0.049
3
0.053
8
0.058
4
0.060
6 1.231 0.969 2.8x10-5
Us Very low
4
b
2.0-
2.45
14.3
2
7
3
2
3 4
0.049
2
0.053
6 0.058
0.060
2 0.97 0.97 2.8x10-5
Us Very low
5
a
1.0-
1.45
11.9
8
8
7 6 4 2 1
0.048
8
0.052
5
0.056
1 0.058 1.187 0.973 2.8x10-5
Uu Very low
6 1.0- 16.9 7 1 1 0.049 0.053 0.057 0.060
-5
21. Results
Based on laboratory analysis of soil samples,
lithological observation in the field and SPT
data, 7 different lithological units are identified
in the study area.
1. Itram deposit
2. Belghari Deposit
3. Purano Ghushra Deposit
4. Sano Surkhet Deposit
5. Floodplain deposit
6. Residual Soil deposit
7. Colluvial deposit
22. Itram Deposit
Boulder, Pebbles and Gravel dominant areas. N values very
high >50. High bearing capacity, No liquefaction potential,
Permeability is high
Belghari deposit
It consists of silty clay to clayey silt alternated with sandy
gravel. N-value low to medium (1 to 12). Low to very low
bearing capacity. Low to Moderate liquefaction areas. High
at some places.
Purano Ghushra Deposit
Clay dominant areas. N value very low. Black clay observed
at many places. Indicates Low bearing cacpaity. Moderate to
high liquefaction area.
Result:
23. • Sano Surkhet Deposit : Topographically separated area,
consisting of light to brownish yellow silty clay to clayey silt. this
unit is of low plasticity and firm to stiff consistency. Groundwater
table is more than 6m deep. This soil has moderate bearing
capacity and has moderate to low liquefaction potential zone.
• Flood plain deposit: Along the river bed and flood plain
areas.Consist of medium to coarse grained sand, gravel,
pebbles and boulders. Moderate to high bearing capacity and
moderate to high liquefaction potential area.
• Residual Soil Deposit:
• Colluvial Soil Deposit
31. The bearing capacity is defined as a
load carrying capacity of foundation
soil or rock, which enables it to bear
and transmit loads from a structure.
Bearing Capacity
32. Conditio
n
N-
value
Bearing
Capacity (Kpa)
Quality
Very
soft
<2 <25 Extremly Low
(EL)
Soft 2 – 4 25 – 50 Very Low (VL)
Medium 4 – 8 51 – 100 Low (L)
Stiff 8 – 15 101 – 200 Medium (M)
Very
stiff
15 – 30 201 – 400 High (H)
Hard >30 >400 Very High (VH)
Peck et al (1974)
Bearing Capacity Classification
35. What is Liquefaction ??
It is the process by which sediments below
the water table temporarily Lose strength
and behave as a viscous liquid rather than
solid, mainly caused by the seismic waves.
Type of Liquefaction
Flow, slumping
Lateral spreading
Ground oscillation
Loss of bearing strength
Sand boils
36. • Depth to Water table
• Grain Size
• Depth of burial
• Capping Layer
• Age of the formation
• Liquefaction Layer thickness
Geological Factors considered for
Liquefaction hazard analysis
37. Factor Wei
g
h
Very Very
ting High Scor
e
High Scor
e
Medium Scor
e
Low Scor
e
Low Scor
e
Depth to water
table
x 2 <1.5
m
5 1.5-
3
m
4 3 - 6
m
3 6-10
m
2 >10
m
1
Grain Size x 4 fine- 5 med- 4 coarse 3 silt 2
mediu
m
coar
s
e
Depth of
burial
x 1 1.5-
3m
5 3-6
m
4 6-10 m 3 <1.5m 2 >10
m
1
Capping layer
(low k)
x 2 good 3 fair 2 no 1
cappin
g
cappi
n
g
capp
i
n
g
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Analysis
42. • High (score>36) :
Significant areas may liquefy under
moderate to high seismic loading.
• Moderate (score betn
26 and 36):
Some areas may liquefy under high
seismic loading.
• Low (score betn
20 and 26) :
Localized areas (such as ribbon
sands) may liquefy under high seismic
loading.
• Very low (score <20) :
Negligible liquefaction expected even
under high seismic loading.
Assigned level of Liquefaction Susceptibility
43. • The scoring and weighting value used in
the preparation of liquefaction Potential
map is based on the UNDP/UNCHS habitat
Project – 1994, that used the value for the
preparation of Liquefaction Potential map
of the Kathmandu valley. It is completely a
qualitative analysis. The map is not
applicable for site specific development
purpose.
• The bearing capacity map is based on SPT
value and is prepared according to Peck et
al. (1974) classification. The map is not
applicable for site specific development
purpose.
Limitation
44. SPT no. From To
N-
value
2*dept
h
Resu
lt SPT no. From To N-value 2*depth Result
1 1 1.45 10 2.9 L 8 1 1.45 7 2.9 L
2 2.45 12 4.9 L 2 2.45 5 4.9 L
2.45 2.9 45 5.8 L 3 3.45 11 6.9 L
2 1 1.45 1 2.9 H 9 1 1.45 2 2.9 H
2 2.45 3 4.9 H 2 2.45 3 4.9 H
3 3.45 3 6.9 H 3 3.45 5 6.9 H
4 4.45 2 8.9 H 3.5 2.95 15 5.9 L
5 5.45 7 10.9 H 10 0
5.45 5.9 14 11.8 L 11 1 1.45 2 2.9 H
3 1 1.45 8 2.9 L 2 2.45 1 4.9 H
2 2.45 8 4.9 L 3 3.45 2 6.9 H
3 3.45 7 6.9 L 4 4.45 4 8.9 H
3.7 4.15 8 8.3 H 12 1 1.45 5 2.9 L
4.15 4.6 5 9.2 H 2 2.45 2 4.9 H
4 1 1.45 8 2.9 L 2.45 2.9 7 5.8 L
2 2.45 6 4.9 L 13 0
3 3.45 8 6.9 L 14 1 1.45 2 2.9 H
3.45 3.9 18 7.8 L 2 2.45 7 4.9 L
5 1 1.45 8 2.9 L 3 3.45 18 6.9 L
2 2.45 50 4.9 L 4 4.45 13 8.9 L
6 1 1.45 5 2.9 L 15 1 1.45 7 2.9 L
2 2.45 6 4.9 L 2 2.45 13 4.9 L
3 3.45 6 6.9 H 3 3.45 19 6.9 L
4 4.45 7 8.9 H 4 4.45 6 8.9 H
5 5.45 11 10.9 L 16 1 1.45 7 2.9 L
OhsakiMethod
45. • According to Ohsaki no Liquefaction
takes place in SPT no. 1,3,4, 8,9 and
14
• The Liquefaction potential map is
compared with the result of Ohsaki
method and other reported data. It
was found correlated.
46. SPT
no. Juang Ohsaki
SPT
no Juang Ohsaki
1 Very low Low 11 High High
2 High High 12 Moderate High
3 Low Low 13 Verylow Low
4 Moderate Low 14 High Low
5 Very low Low 15 High Low
6 High High 16 Low High
7 High Low 17 Very low Low
8 Moderate Low 18 Low High
9 High High 19 Low Low
10 Very Low Low 20 Moderate High
Comparison of the result between Juang and Ohsaki Method
47. Liquefaction Potential Map
Area covered
High 07 %.
Moderate 18 %
Low 24 %
Very low 51 %
Results
Liquefaction Susceptibility
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
High Moderate Low Verylow
Category
Percent
Bearing capacity Map
Area covered
Very low 1.14 %
Low to Vlow 5.00 %
Midim 2.66 %
Medium to high 16.0 %
High 11.0 %
Very High 48.0 %
Bearing Capacity
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
VL LVL L LM M MH H VH
Category
Percentage
48. Conclusion
The sub surface geology of the study area is
classified into 7 different deposit types.
The soil sediments of the study area is not
uniformly distributed rather it is heterogeneously
distributed.
The bearing capacity calculated in the study area
varies from Very low to very high types.
The study area lies in moderate to high
Liquefaction potential zone in the southern part
and very low in the northern part.
49. Conclusion Contd.
The soil condition in the study area according to
Peck et al. varies from very soft to stiff with SPT
value ranging from 0 to >30 at different depths,
Water table in the area varies from place to
place. In the northern part it is very low and in the
middle and the southern part it is very high. At
some places the water is emerged in the form of
springs.
50. Recommendations
• The results obtained in this work is not
intended to be used as a precise tool for
site specific construction. A more detail
investigation with comprehensive
merging of geologic, geotechnical and
seismological data will be required to
carry out precise liquefaction
susceptibility mapping as well as
bearing capacity for each major
development activities.
51. • The present settlement area in Birendranagar Municipality
lies in very low liquefaction and high bearing capacity zone,
where as the middle and the southern part of the valley lies in
moderate to high liquefaction potential zone and moderate to
low bearing capacity area. Hence for the future it is
recommended to expand settlement in the northern part of
the present Jumla highway only. Where as the southern part
should be developed as an agricultural land.
• The archaeologically and historically important places such
as Kakre Bihar, Utarganga and Deuti Bajai should be well
preserved.
• The wet lands and the natural springs which are important
from touristic point of view should be preserved and
developed.
Contd. Recommendation