NDA:Maths:Trigonometry(pyqs)
1. sin3
   
3
1 cot cos 1 tan
       is equal to:
(a) sin – cos
  (b) sin cos
 
(c) sin cos
  (d) cosec sec
 
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
2. The value of
6 6 2 2
sin cos 3sin cos
   is:
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 6
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
3. If o o
0 x 90
  and 1 + tan2
x – 2tanx = 0, then the value of x is:
(a) 30o
(b) 45o
(c) 60o
(d) 90o
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
4. The extremum values of cos x are:
(a)
– 3 1
and
2 2
(b) –1 and 0
(c) –1 and 1 (d) 0 and 1
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
5. The value of sec can
(a) never be greater than 1
(b) never be less than 1
(c) never be equal to 1
(d) never lie between –1 and 1
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
6. If x is acute, then
1 sin x
?
1– sin x


(a) sec x + tan x (b) cosec x + cot x
(c) sec x + cosec x (d) tan x + cot x
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
7.
cos cos 1
?
1 sin 1– sin sec
 
 
 
 
   
 
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) –2 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
8.    
cosec –sin sec –cos tan cot
      is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
9.
3 3 3 3
sin cos cos – sin
?
sin cos cos – sin
 
   
 
 
   
 
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
10.
   
4 4
cos sin – cos – sin
?
sin cos
   

 
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
11. If x = r cos cos , y = r cos sin and z = rsin , then x2
+ y2
z2
= ?
(a) r2
(b) r4
(c) 1 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
12. The value of
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
sin cos cos sin
sin sin cos cos
   
    
is:
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) –1 (d) 3
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
13.
sin 1 cos
sin ?
1 cos sin
  
 
  
 
  
 
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 1
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
14.  
sin cos –1
1 sin ?
sin – cos 1
 
 
  
 
 
 
(a) sin  (b) cos 
(c) tan  (d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
15.
2
sec tan –1
?
tan – sec 1
 
 

 
 
 
(a)
1– sin
1 sin

 
(b)
1 sin
1– sin
 

(c) 1 (d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
16.
2
cot – cosec 1
?
cot cosec –1
 
 

 
 
 
(a) cosec cot
  (b) cosec – cot
 
(c) 1 (d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
17. If sin cosec
   =2, then the value of  
2 2
sin cosec
   is:
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
18. If tan cot
  = 2, then the value of sin  is:
(a)
1
2
(b)
1
3
(c)
1
2
(d)
1
3
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
19. (1 – sin A + cos A)2
= ?
(a) 2 (1 – sin A) (1 – cos A)
(b) 2 (1 + sin A) (1 – cos A)
(c) 2 (1 – sin A)(1 + cos A)
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
20. If
sin x sin x
4
1 cos x 1– cos x
 

and o o
0 x 90
  , then the value of x is:
(a) 10o
(b) 15o
(c) 30o
(d) 45o
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
21. If  lies in second quadrant, then
1– sin 1 sin
– ?
1 sin 1– sin
  

  
(a) tan  (b) 2 tan 
(c) cot  (d) 2 cot 
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
22. If
3
2

   
then
1 cos 1– cos
?
1– cos 1 cos
  
 
  
(a) 2 cosec  (b) –2 cosec 
(c) 2 sec  (d) –2 sec 
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
23. If a tan  = b, the value of
bsin – a cos
bsin a cos
 
 
 
 
 
is:
(a)
2 2
2 2
b – a
b a

(b)
2 2
2 2
a – b
a b

(c)
2 2
2 2
a b
a – b

(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
24. If 5 cot  = 4, then the value of
5sin – 3cos
is :
sin 2cos
 
 
 
 
 
is:
(a)
5
14
(b)
3
4
(c) 1 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
25. If sec – tan
  =,
2
3
then
(a)
5 2
sec ,tan
6 3
   
(b)
13 5
sec ,tan
12 12
   
(c)
8 4
sec ,tan
9 9
   
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
26. If cosec cot
  = 6, then :
(a)
35 37
cosec ,cot
12 12
   
(b)
37 35
cosec ,cot
12 12
   
(c)
41 31
cosec ,cot
12 12
   
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
27. If 2 2
7sin 3cos 4
   ,then the value of tan  is:
(a)
1
2
 (b)
1
3

(c)
1
2
 (d)
1
3

NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
28. If tan2
x = (1 – e2
), then the value of (sec x + tan3
x cosec x) is:
(a)  
3
2 2
2 e
 (b)  
3
2 2
2 – e
(c)  
3
2 2
1– e (d)  
3
2 2
1 e

NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
29. If 2
sin sin 1
   , then the value of 2 4
cos cos
  is:
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
30. If  
3sin 5cos 5
   , then the value of  
5sin – 3cos
  is:
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 1
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
31. If    
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin
      =
   
1– sin 1– sin 1– sin
   = k, then k = ?
(a)  
cos cos cos
   
(b)  
sin sin sin
   
(c)  
3sin sin sin
   
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
32. If    
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
      =
   
1– cos 1– cos 1– cos
   = k,then k = ?
(a)  
sin sin sin
   
(b)  
cos cos cos
   
(c)  
3cos cos cos
   
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
33. If
  
  
  
sec tan sec tan
sec – tan sec – tan
sec – tan sec – tan
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
= k, then the value of k is:
(a) 2
 (b) 3

(c) 1
 (d) 2

NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
34. If sec
4
– tan
3
   ,then the value of sin  is:
(a)
4
5
(b)
16
25
(c)
7
25
(d)
9
16
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
35. If cosec – cot m
   , then the value of cos  is:
(a)
2
2
1 m
1– m

(b)
2
2
1– m
1 m

(c)
2
2
m –1
m 1

(d)
2
2
m 1
m –1

NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
36. If cos  + sin  = 2 cos  , then  
cos – sin
  = ?
(a) – 2 cos (b) 2 sin 
(c) 2cos (d) 2sin
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
37. If acos bsin
  = 3 and
asin – bcos 4
   , then the value of (a2
+ b2
) is;
(a) 25 (b) 23
(c) 27 (d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
38. If acos – bsin c
   , then the value of  
a cos bcos
  is:
(a) 2 2 2
a b – c
  (b) 2 2 2
a – b c
 
(c) 2 2 2
a b c
   (d) 2 2 2
b c – a
 
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
39. If cot cos mandcot – cos
     = n, then (m2
– n2
)2
is equal to:
(a) 4 mn (b) 8 mn
(c) 16 mn (d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
40. If tan sin mandtan –sin
    = n, then (m2
– n2
) = ?
(a) 4 mn (b) 4 mn
(c) 2 mn (d) 2 mn
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
41. If 2 2 2
mcos nsin p, thencot ?
    
(a)
p n
p m


(b)
p – m
p – n
(c)
p – n
m – p
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
42. If 2
acos sin
  = p and 2
asin cos
  = q, then the value of
 
3
2 2
2 2
p q
p q

is:
(a) a (b) a2
(c) a3
(d) None
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
43. If sin xcos andcos ysin ,
      , then the value of cos2
 is:
(a)
 
 
2
2 2
1 y
x – y

(b)
 
 
2
2 2
1– y
x – y
(c)
 
 
2
2 2
y –1
x – y
(d)
 
 
2 2
2 2
y x –1
x – y
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
44. If a sec – btan 1
   and 2 2 2 2
a sec – b tan 5
   , then (4a2
– 9b2
) = ?
(a) a2
b2
(b) –a2
b2
(c) ab (d) –ab
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
45. If asin bcos p
   and acos bsin q
   ,then (ap – bq)2
+ (aq – bq)2
= ?
(a) (a2
– b)2
(b) (a2
– b2
)2
(c) (a2
– b2
)3
(d) (a2
– b2
)4
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
46. If 1 1 1
a cosec b cot c
  = 0
2 2 2
a cosec b cot c
  = 0, then
   
2 2
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
b c – b c – c a – c a = ?
(a)  
2
2 2 2 1
a b – a b (b)  
2
1 2 2 1
a b – a b
(c)  
2
1 1 2 2
a b – a b (d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
47. If x = a secn
 and y = b tann
 , then the  - eliminant is:
(a)
1 1
n n
x y
– 1
a b
   

   
   
(b)
2 2
n n
x y
– 1
a b
   

   
   
(c)
2 2
x y
– 1
a b
   

   
   
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
48. If x = cos3
 and y = b sin3
 , then  -eliminant is:
(a)
2
2
3
3
a b
1
x y
 
 
 
 
 
   
(b)
2
2
3
3
b a
1
x y
 
 
 
 
 
   
(c)
2 2
3 3
x y
1
a b
   
 
   
   
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
49. If x = a cos4
 ,and y = b sin4
 , then the  - eliminant is:
(a) x y 1
  (b)
x y
1
a b
 
(c)
1 1
4 4
x y
1
a b
   
 
   
   
(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
50. If
x y
cos sin 1
a b
   and
,
x y
sin – cos 1
a b
   then the - eliminant is:
(a)
2 2
2 2
x y
0
a b
  (b)
2 2
2 2
x y
1
a b
 
(c)
2 2
2 2
x y
2
a b
  (d)
2 2
2 2
x y
–1
a b
 
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)
51. If x = h + p sec and y = k + q cosec , then
(a)
   
2 2
2 2
x – h y – k
1
p q
 
(b)
   
2 2
2 2
x – h y – k
– 1
p q

(c)
   
2 2
2 2
p q
– 1
x – h y – k

(d) None of these
NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs)

nda trigonometry 1.pdf maths practice tsh

  • 1.
    NDA:Maths:Trigonometry(pyqs) 1. sin3    3 1 cot cos 1 tan        is equal to: (a) sin – cos   (b) sin cos   (c) sin cos   (d) cosec sec  
  • 2.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 2. Thevalue of 6 6 2 2 sin cos 3sin cos    is: (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6
  • 3.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 3. Ifo o 0 x 90   and 1 + tan2 x – 2tanx = 0, then the value of x is: (a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 60o (d) 90o
  • 4.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 4. Theextremum values of cos x are: (a) – 3 1 and 2 2 (b) –1 and 0 (c) –1 and 1 (d) 0 and 1
  • 5.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 5. Thevalue of sec can (a) never be greater than 1 (b) never be less than 1 (c) never be equal to 1 (d) never lie between –1 and 1
  • 6.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 6. Ifx is acute, then 1 sin x ? 1– sin x   (a) sec x + tan x (b) cosec x + cot x (c) sec x + cosec x (d) tan x + cot x
  • 7.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 7. cos cos1 ? 1 sin 1– sin sec               (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) –2 (d) None
  • 8.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 8.    cosec –sin sec –cos tan cot       is equal to: (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) None
  • 9.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 9. 3 33 3 sin cos cos – sin ? sin cos cos – sin                 (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) None
  • 10.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 10.    4 4 cos sin – cos – sin ? sin cos        (a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) None
  • 11.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 11. Ifx = r cos cos , y = r cos sin and z = rsin , then x2 + y2 z2 = ? (a) r2 (b) r4 (c) 1 (d) None
  • 12.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 12. Thevalue of 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 sin cos cos sin sin sin cos cos          is: (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) 3
  • 13.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 13. sin 1cos sin ? 1 cos sin                (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
  • 14.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 14.  sin cos –1 1 sin ? sin – cos 1              (a) sin  (b) cos  (c) tan  (d) None of these
  • 15.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 15. 2 sec tan–1 ? tan – sec 1            (a) 1– sin 1 sin    (b) 1 sin 1– sin    (c) 1 (d) None of these
  • 16.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 16. 2 cot –cosec 1 ? cot cosec –1            (a) cosec cot   (b) cosec – cot   (c) 1 (d) None of these
  • 17.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 17. Ifsin cosec    =2, then the value of   2 2 sin cosec    is: (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None
  • 18.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 18. Iftan cot   = 2, then the value of sin  is: (a) 1 2 (b) 1 3 (c) 1 2 (d) 1 3
  • 19.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 19. (1– sin A + cos A)2 = ? (a) 2 (1 – sin A) (1 – cos A) (b) 2 (1 + sin A) (1 – cos A) (c) 2 (1 – sin A)(1 + cos A) (d) None of these
  • 20.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 20. If sinx sin x 4 1 cos x 1– cos x    and o o 0 x 90   , then the value of x is: (a) 10o (b) 15o (c) 30o (d) 45o
  • 21.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 21. If lies in second quadrant, then 1– sin 1 sin – ? 1 sin 1– sin        (a) tan  (b) 2 tan  (c) cot  (d) 2 cot 
  • 22.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 22. If 3 2     then 1 cos 1– cos ? 1– cos 1 cos         (a) 2 cosec  (b) –2 cosec  (c) 2 sec  (d) –2 sec 
  • 23.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 23. Ifa tan  = b, the value of bsin – a cos bsin a cos           is: (a) 2 2 2 2 b – a b a  (b) 2 2 2 2 a – b a b  (c) 2 2 2 2 a b a – b  (d) None of these
  • 24.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 24. If5 cot  = 4, then the value of 5sin – 3cos is : sin 2cos           is: (a) 5 14 (b) 3 4 (c) 1 (d) None
  • 25.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 25. Ifsec – tan   =, 2 3 then (a) 5 2 sec ,tan 6 3     (b) 13 5 sec ,tan 12 12     (c) 8 4 sec ,tan 9 9     (d) None of these
  • 26.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 26. Ifcosec cot   = 6, then : (a) 35 37 cosec ,cot 12 12     (b) 37 35 cosec ,cot 12 12     (c) 41 31 cosec ,cot 12 12     (d) None of these
  • 27.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 27. If2 2 7sin 3cos 4    ,then the value of tan  is: (a) 1 2  (b) 1 3  (c) 1 2  (d) 1 3 
  • 28.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 28. Iftan2 x = (1 – e2 ), then the value of (sec x + tan3 x cosec x) is: (a)   3 2 2 2 e  (b)   3 2 2 2 – e (c)   3 2 2 1– e (d)   3 2 2 1 e 
  • 29.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 29. If2 sin sin 1    , then the value of 2 4 cos cos   is: (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) None
  • 30.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 30. If  3sin 5cos 5    , then the value of   5sin – 3cos   is: (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
  • 31.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 31. If    1 sin 1 sin 1 sin       =     1– sin 1– sin 1– sin    = k, then k = ? (a)   cos cos cos     (b)   sin sin sin     (c)   3sin sin sin     (d) None of these
  • 32.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 32. If    1 cos 1 cos 1 cos       =     1– cos 1– cos 1– cos    = k,then k = ? (a)   sin sin sin     (b)   cos cos cos     (c)   3cos cos cos     (d) None of these
  • 33.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 33. If         sec tan sec tan sec – tan sec – tan sec – tan sec – tan                        = k, then the value of k is: (a) 2  (b) 3  (c) 1  (d) 2 
  • 34.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 34. Ifsec 4 – tan 3    ,then the value of sin  is: (a) 4 5 (b) 16 25 (c) 7 25 (d) 9 16
  • 35.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 35. Ifcosec – cot m    , then the value of cos  is: (a) 2 2 1 m 1– m  (b) 2 2 1– m 1 m  (c) 2 2 m –1 m 1  (d) 2 2 m 1 m –1 
  • 36.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 36. Ifcos  + sin  = 2 cos  , then   cos – sin   = ? (a) – 2 cos (b) 2 sin  (c) 2cos (d) 2sin
  • 37.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 37. Ifacos bsin   = 3 and asin – bcos 4    , then the value of (a2 + b2 ) is; (a) 25 (b) 23 (c) 27 (d) None
  • 38.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 38. Ifacos – bsin c    , then the value of   a cos bcos   is: (a) 2 2 2 a b – c   (b) 2 2 2 a – b c   (c) 2 2 2 a b c    (d) 2 2 2 b c – a  
  • 39.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 39. Ifcot cos mandcot – cos      = n, then (m2 – n2 )2 is equal to: (a) 4 mn (b) 8 mn (c) 16 mn (d) None of these
  • 40.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 40. Iftan sin mandtan –sin     = n, then (m2 – n2 ) = ? (a) 4 mn (b) 4 mn (c) 2 mn (d) 2 mn
  • 41.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 41. If2 2 2 mcos nsin p, thencot ?      (a) p n p m   (b) p – m p – n (c) p – n m – p (d) None of these
  • 42.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 42. If2 acos sin   = p and 2 asin cos   = q, then the value of   3 2 2 2 2 p q p q  is: (a) a (b) a2 (c) a3 (d) None
  • 43.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 43. Ifsin xcos andcos ysin ,       , then the value of cos2  is: (a)     2 2 2 1 y x – y  (b)     2 2 2 1– y x – y (c)     2 2 2 y –1 x – y (d)     2 2 2 2 y x –1 x – y
  • 44.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 44. Ifa sec – btan 1    and 2 2 2 2 a sec – b tan 5    , then (4a2 – 9b2 ) = ? (a) a2 b2 (b) –a2 b2 (c) ab (d) –ab
  • 45.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 45. Ifasin bcos p    and acos bsin q    ,then (ap – bq)2 + (aq – bq)2 = ? (a) (a2 – b)2 (b) (a2 – b2 )2 (c) (a2 – b2 )3 (d) (a2 – b2 )4
  • 46.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 46. If1 1 1 a cosec b cot c   = 0 2 2 2 a cosec b cot c   = 0, then     2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 b c – b c – c a – c a = ? (a)   2 2 2 2 1 a b – a b (b)   2 1 2 2 1 a b – a b (c)   2 1 1 2 2 a b – a b (d) None of these
  • 47.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 47. Ifx = a secn  and y = b tann  , then the  - eliminant is: (a) 1 1 n n x y – 1 a b              (b) 2 2 n n x y – 1 a b              (c) 2 2 x y – 1 a b              (d) None of these
  • 48.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 48. Ifx = cos3  and y = b sin3  , then  -eliminant is: (a) 2 2 3 3 a b 1 x y               (b) 2 2 3 3 b a 1 x y               (c) 2 2 3 3 x y 1 a b               (d) None of these
  • 49.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 49. Ifx = a cos4  ,and y = b sin4  , then the  - eliminant is: (a) x y 1   (b) x y 1 a b   (c) 1 1 4 4 x y 1 a b               (d) None of these
  • 50.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 50. If xy cos sin 1 a b    and , x y sin – cos 1 a b    then the - eliminant is: (a) 2 2 2 2 x y 0 a b   (b) 2 2 2 2 x y 1 a b   (c) 2 2 2 2 x y 2 a b   (d) 2 2 2 2 x y –1 a b  
  • 51.
    NDA:Maths :Trigonometry(pyqs) 51. Ifx = h + p sec and y = k + q cosec , then (a)     2 2 2 2 x – h y – k 1 p q   (b)     2 2 2 2 x – h y – k – 1 p q  (c)     2 2 2 2 p q – 1 x – h y – k  (d) None of these
  • 52.