Get comprehensive Class 8 notes on "When People Rebelled: 1857 and After." 📚✨ Dive into the causes, key events, suppression, and consequences of the Revolt of 1857. Understand the political, economic, social, and military factors behind the uprising and its significant impact on India's history. Perfect for CBSE students preparing for history exams!
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Revolt of 1857
Reading Time: 10 Minutes
In the History of India, the year 1857 Has great importance. During this year, there occurred a major revolt in India, which shook the very foundations of British rule in India. The English had almost completed their conquests in India by 1856. They could not carry on their rule peacefully. These revolts broke out due to the dissatisfaction amongst the people against the government of the Company and its misrule.
The Revolt of 1857
Date- 10 May 1857 – 1 November 1858
(1 year and 6 months)
Location -India (Uttar Pradesh)
Result -British victory
1. Suppression of revolt
2. Formal end of the Mughal Empire
3. End of Company rule in India
4. Transfer of rule to the British Crown
Revolt of 1857: India's first War of IndependenceRahul Singh
The document provides details about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as India's First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. It began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 in Meerut, India. The rebellion soon spread to other areas and erupted into widespread civilian rebellions against British rule across northern and central India. Major hostilities were concentrated in the modern-day state of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi. The rebellion posed a major threat to British Company power in the region and was only contained after the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858.
Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After.pptxCNest1
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to the revolt. Key causes included the Doctrine of Lapse, social reforms imposed by the British, economic exploitation of India, and discrimination faced by Indian soldiers in the army. The immediate cause was the introduction of greased cartridges for the new Enfield rifle. The revolt began in Meerut and spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi, Lucknow and other major centers. Key leaders included Bahadur Shah II, Nana Sahib, the Rani of Jhansi and Begum Hazrat Mahal. Though the revolt ultimately failed, it weakened British rule
The 1857 War of Independence began as a mutiny by Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the Bengal Army of the British East India Company. The rebellion started on May 10th, 1857 in Meerut, India and soon spread to Delhi and other regions. Dissatisfaction had been growing among Indian soldiers in the East India Company's army due to new equipment and rumors that the new cartridges for firearms were greased with animal fat that violated Hindu and Muslim beliefs. The rebellion was led by both Hindu and Muslim soldiers as well as Indian rulers like the Rani of Jhansi who wanted independence from British rule. While the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of Company rule in India and
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It describes how sepoys in the East India Company's army first mutinied in Meerut in May 1857 over new equipment and policies that violated religious beliefs. The mutiny then spread to other regions as many civilians and rulers joined the rebellion. Major cities like Delhi, Kanpur, and Lucknow became rebel strongholds. It took the British until 1859 to suppress the widespread rebellion across northern India.
This presentation provides information about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence. It discusses the economic, political, social, religious, and military causes of the rebellion. It then describes the immediate spark which was the introduction of new gun cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. The rebellion began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in Meerut in May 1857 and spread elsewhere. After defeating the rebels, Britain dissolved the East India Company and assumed direct control over India, reorganizing the administration and military.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major but ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British rule in India. It began as a mutiny of sepoys in the town of Meerut and erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a major threat to British power but was eventually contained. Its causes included resentment towards British interference in Indian social and cultural affairs as well as exploitative economic policies like land revenue systems that impoverished peasants. Politically, the British annexation of Indian states and use of the Doctrine of Lapse to take territories angered local rulers. The rebellion highlighted weaknesses in British administration in India and led to direct rule by the British government rather than the East
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule. The rebellion was caused by political, economic, religious and military grievances against the British East India Company's rule. Key events included the disputed greased cartridges that sparked the rebellion in Meerut, the capture of Delhi under the Mughal emperor, uprisings in Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi and other regions, and resistance led by figures like Rani Laxmi Bai. Ultimately, the rebellion failed due to a lack of unity and leadership, shortage of resources, and superior British military capabilities and technology.
Revolt of 1857
Reading Time: 10 Minutes
In the History of India, the year 1857 Has great importance. During this year, there occurred a major revolt in India, which shook the very foundations of British rule in India. The English had almost completed their conquests in India by 1856. They could not carry on their rule peacefully. These revolts broke out due to the dissatisfaction amongst the people against the government of the Company and its misrule.
The Revolt of 1857
Date- 10 May 1857 – 1 November 1858
(1 year and 6 months)
Location -India (Uttar Pradesh)
Result -British victory
1. Suppression of revolt
2. Formal end of the Mughal Empire
3. End of Company rule in India
4. Transfer of rule to the British Crown
Revolt of 1857: India's first War of IndependenceRahul Singh
The document provides details about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as India's First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. It began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 in Meerut, India. The rebellion soon spread to other areas and erupted into widespread civilian rebellions against British rule across northern and central India. Major hostilities were concentrated in the modern-day state of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi. The rebellion posed a major threat to British Company power in the region and was only contained after the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858.
Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After.pptxCNest1
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to the revolt. Key causes included the Doctrine of Lapse, social reforms imposed by the British, economic exploitation of India, and discrimination faced by Indian soldiers in the army. The immediate cause was the introduction of greased cartridges for the new Enfield rifle. The revolt began in Meerut and spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi, Lucknow and other major centers. Key leaders included Bahadur Shah II, Nana Sahib, the Rani of Jhansi and Begum Hazrat Mahal. Though the revolt ultimately failed, it weakened British rule
The 1857 War of Independence began as a mutiny by Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the Bengal Army of the British East India Company. The rebellion started on May 10th, 1857 in Meerut, India and soon spread to Delhi and other regions. Dissatisfaction had been growing among Indian soldiers in the East India Company's army due to new equipment and rumors that the new cartridges for firearms were greased with animal fat that violated Hindu and Muslim beliefs. The rebellion was led by both Hindu and Muslim soldiers as well as Indian rulers like the Rani of Jhansi who wanted independence from British rule. While the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of Company rule in India and
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It describes how sepoys in the East India Company's army first mutinied in Meerut in May 1857 over new equipment and policies that violated religious beliefs. The mutiny then spread to other regions as many civilians and rulers joined the rebellion. Major cities like Delhi, Kanpur, and Lucknow became rebel strongholds. It took the British until 1859 to suppress the widespread rebellion across northern India.
This presentation provides information about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence. It discusses the economic, political, social, religious, and military causes of the rebellion. It then describes the immediate spark which was the introduction of new gun cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. The rebellion began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in Meerut in May 1857 and spread elsewhere. After defeating the rebels, Britain dissolved the East India Company and assumed direct control over India, reorganizing the administration and military.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major but ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British rule in India. It began as a mutiny of sepoys in the town of Meerut and erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a major threat to British power but was eventually contained. Its causes included resentment towards British interference in Indian social and cultural affairs as well as exploitative economic policies like land revenue systems that impoverished peasants. Politically, the British annexation of Indian states and use of the Doctrine of Lapse to take territories angered local rulers. The rebellion highlighted weaknesses in British administration in India and led to direct rule by the British government rather than the East
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule. The rebellion was caused by political, economic, religious and military grievances against the British East India Company's rule. Key events included the disputed greased cartridges that sparked the rebellion in Meerut, the capture of Delhi under the Mughal emperor, uprisings in Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi and other regions, and resistance led by figures like Rani Laxmi Bai. Ultimately, the rebellion failed due to a lack of unity and leadership, shortage of resources, and superior British military capabilities and technology.
The document provides information on the causes and leaders of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It discusses religious, political, socio-economic and military causes for the revolt, including issues related to new Enfield rifle cartridges, land policies, taxation, and status of Indian soldiers. Key leaders who led revolt forces in different regions included Mangal Pandey, Nana Sahib, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Tatya Tope, Kunwar Singh, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh. The revolt ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, planning, weapons, and full popular support across India.
The document provides background information on the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It began as a mutiny of sepoys in the East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 and spread rapidly to Delhi and other regions of northern India. The rebellion was fueled by socio-religious, political and military grievances against the British. Key events included the sepoy mutiny in Meerut in March 1857, the rebellion in Delhi under Bahadur Shah II in May 1857, and uprisings across major cities and regions throughout late 1857 and 1858. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by the British in 1859, resulting in the dissolution of the East India Company and direct control of India by the British Crown.
The document discusses the history of education in India after independence. It provides details about:
1) Gandhi and Tagore's opposition to the English education system, arguing that it enslaved Indians and lacked practical skills. Tagore established Santiniketan to encourage creative learning in a natural environment.
2) How the British initially saw Indian education through Orientalism but later criticized it as unscientific. They focused education on practical skills for commerce.
3) How the British standardized local pathshala schools through introducing rules, routines, textbooks, and inspections, which had consequences like requiring attendance during harvest times.
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to widespread dissatisfaction and unrest among Indians. The revolt began as a mutiny of sepoys in the East India Company's army over new gunpowder cartridges but quickly escalated as many rulers, peasants, tribes and others joined in. Key figures who led the revolt included Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Mangal Pandey and Begum Hazrat Mahal. However, the revolt ultimately failed due to lack of unity and centralized leadership among the various groups involved.
- In 1857, sepoys in the British East India Company's army mutinied in Meerut over new equipment and punishments. They freed imprisoned sepoys and declared war on the British.
- The sepoys traveled to Delhi and convinced the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to support their rebellion. Many rulers and peasants then rose up against British rule across northern India.
- The rebellion spread rapidly as many resented British interference and taxation. However, the British eventually regained control by 1859 through military victories and policies to win back Indian loyalty. The East India Company's power was transferred to the British Crown.
The British East India Company expanded its control over most of India as the Mughal Empire declined. By the 1850s, the Company ruled India and maintained control through its Indian army, made up of sepoy soldiers. However, in 1857, sepoys rebelled against new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with animal fat, sparking the Sepoy Mutiny against British rule. The rebellion was crushed, and Britain took direct control over India as resentment between Indians and the British increased.
THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE 1857 2023.pptxMVHerwadkarschool
The document summarizes the key causes and events of the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. It discusses the political, economic, administrative, and military causes that led to widespread dissatisfaction with British rule. The revolt began with Indian soldiers in the British army refusing to use greased cartridges for their rifles in Meerut due to religious reasons. This sparked further revolts in Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi, and Lucknow led by figures like the Rani of Jhansi. While the revolt was suppressed, it ended British East India Company rule and strengthened the future Indian independence movement.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857, in Meerut, and soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the Upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858. The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence and was a major uprising in India during the British Raj.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 in India. The economic, social, political and military causes that led to the revolt are outlined. Key events including the initial outbreak in Meerut, the involvement of Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi, and uprisings led by Nanasaheb, Rani Lakshmibai and others are described. The document also discusses how the British eventually suppressed the revolt over two years and instituted reforms in governing India afterwards, including transferring power to the British Crown.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the 1857 revolt against the British East India Company's rule in India. Key policies like annexing territories and reducing the power of local rulers angered many groups. The peasants, sepoys, and former rulers like in Awadh and Jhansi were unhappy with high taxes, land grabs, religious interference, and new service rules. In Meerut in May 1857, sepoys rebelled and freed jailed soldiers, attacking British officers. They captured Delhi after convincing the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to lead them, marking a major rebellion against Company rule.
war of independence : 1857
the revolt was the first independence war but the British said This is the rebellion, mutiny.this war is between the Indian soldiers and British Indian army .
The 1857 War of Independence was sparked by many political, religious, social, and economic factors that increased resentment toward British rule in India. Politically, the British extended their control of land and replaced Persian with English as the official language. Religiously and socially, the British disrespected Indian culture and sent Christian monks to spread their religion. Economically, the British imposed heavy taxes, filled markets with cheap goods, and many Indians became impoverished. Militarily, high-ranking positions were closed to Indians. The war began when sepoys mutinied over new gun cartridges but later expanded, with Delhi and other cities captured. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of unity among differing Indian groups
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE 1857 2023.pptxMVHerwadkarschool
The document summarizes the causes, events, and impact of the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. It describes how British policies like the Doctrine of Lapse and economic changes dissatisfied both rulers and common people in India. The immediate cause was soldiers refusing to use new gun cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. The revolt began with soldiers in Meerut and spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi and Lucknow led by figures like Bahadur Shah II, Nana Saheb, Tatya Tope, and Rani Laxmibai. Though initially successful, lack of unity, leadership and support from other rulers led to the revolt's failure. It ended Company rule and began direct British
The document discusses the revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It provides details on the immediate reason for the revolt being the introduction of the Enfield rifle cartridge that was greased with cow or pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim sentiments. It also lists the religious, political and economic causes that led to broader discontent. The revolt shook the British East India Company's rule but ultimately failed due to a lack of clear leadership and post-British victory plans among Indian rulers who aided the revolt. It led to direct British rule over India and the rise of the Indian National Congress to advocate for Indians.
The document summarizes the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as India's First War of Independence. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army in Meerut in May 1857 and soon escalated into a widespread rebellion across northern and central India. The rebellion challenged British rule in India and was finally suppressed by June 1858. The document outlines the various causes of the revolt as well as its key leaders and centers. It concludes by describing how the British regained control of India by 1859 through military campaigns, new laws, and some policy changes.
Britiish-French Invasions and Struggle for Independence.pptmuttahirahmedkhan1
The document summarizes the pre-independence scenario in India following the decline of the Mughal Empire and increasing invasions and influence of European powers like the French and British. It led to conflicts between local rulers and the British East India Company as they sought to expand trade and territorial control over India. Key events discussed include the establishment of trading posts and forts by the British EIC in various regions, the Battle of Plassey in 1757 which marked the Company's first major military victory, and the 1857 Indian Rebellion against British rule which failed due to lack of unity and leadership among independence fighters.
The document discusses the rise of British imperialism in India. It describes how the British East India Company established trading posts in India in the 1600s and 1700s. As the Mughal Empire declined, the East India Company's power grew and it began building its own military force composed mainly of Indian soldiers led by British commanders. A key moment was the Battle of Plassey in 1757, where British forces led by Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal, establishing British political and military control over Bengal. This marked the beginning of British rule over India.
The document summarizes key events of the 1857 rebellion in India against the British East India Company. It describes how the company gradually eroded the power of local rulers like the Nawabs. This caused resentment among rulers and sepoys. In 1857, sepoys in Meerut mutinied after being issued new gun cartridges greased with animal fat. They marched to Delhi and joined the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. The rebellion then spread across many regions led by figures like Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Nana Saheb. Though initially successful, the British eventually suppressed the massive rebellion over two years through reinforcements. After regaining control in 1859, the British
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical changes. It primarily involves redox reactions, where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously. Here are the key concepts and principles of electrochemistry for Class 12 and JEE preparation.
For more information, visit: www.vavaclasses.com
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Similar to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter-5 When People Rebel Free Study Material
The document provides information on the causes and leaders of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It discusses religious, political, socio-economic and military causes for the revolt, including issues related to new Enfield rifle cartridges, land policies, taxation, and status of Indian soldiers. Key leaders who led revolt forces in different regions included Mangal Pandey, Nana Sahib, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Tatya Tope, Kunwar Singh, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh. The revolt ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, planning, weapons, and full popular support across India.
The document provides background information on the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It began as a mutiny of sepoys in the East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 and spread rapidly to Delhi and other regions of northern India. The rebellion was fueled by socio-religious, political and military grievances against the British. Key events included the sepoy mutiny in Meerut in March 1857, the rebellion in Delhi under Bahadur Shah II in May 1857, and uprisings across major cities and regions throughout late 1857 and 1858. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by the British in 1859, resulting in the dissolution of the East India Company and direct control of India by the British Crown.
The document discusses the history of education in India after independence. It provides details about:
1) Gandhi and Tagore's opposition to the English education system, arguing that it enslaved Indians and lacked practical skills. Tagore established Santiniketan to encourage creative learning in a natural environment.
2) How the British initially saw Indian education through Orientalism but later criticized it as unscientific. They focused education on practical skills for commerce.
3) How the British standardized local pathshala schools through introducing rules, routines, textbooks, and inspections, which had consequences like requiring attendance during harvest times.
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to widespread dissatisfaction and unrest among Indians. The revolt began as a mutiny of sepoys in the East India Company's army over new gunpowder cartridges but quickly escalated as many rulers, peasants, tribes and others joined in. Key figures who led the revolt included Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Mangal Pandey and Begum Hazrat Mahal. However, the revolt ultimately failed due to lack of unity and centralized leadership among the various groups involved.
- In 1857, sepoys in the British East India Company's army mutinied in Meerut over new equipment and punishments. They freed imprisoned sepoys and declared war on the British.
- The sepoys traveled to Delhi and convinced the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to support their rebellion. Many rulers and peasants then rose up against British rule across northern India.
- The rebellion spread rapidly as many resented British interference and taxation. However, the British eventually regained control by 1859 through military victories and policies to win back Indian loyalty. The East India Company's power was transferred to the British Crown.
The British East India Company expanded its control over most of India as the Mughal Empire declined. By the 1850s, the Company ruled India and maintained control through its Indian army, made up of sepoy soldiers. However, in 1857, sepoys rebelled against new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with animal fat, sparking the Sepoy Mutiny against British rule. The rebellion was crushed, and Britain took direct control over India as resentment between Indians and the British increased.
THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE 1857 2023.pptxMVHerwadkarschool
The document summarizes the key causes and events of the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. It discusses the political, economic, administrative, and military causes that led to widespread dissatisfaction with British rule. The revolt began with Indian soldiers in the British army refusing to use greased cartridges for their rifles in Meerut due to religious reasons. This sparked further revolts in Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi, and Lucknow led by figures like the Rani of Jhansi. While the revolt was suppressed, it ended British East India Company rule and strengthened the future Indian independence movement.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857, in Meerut, and soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the Upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858. The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence and was a major uprising in India during the British Raj.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 in India. The economic, social, political and military causes that led to the revolt are outlined. Key events including the initial outbreak in Meerut, the involvement of Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi, and uprisings led by Nanasaheb, Rani Lakshmibai and others are described. The document also discusses how the British eventually suppressed the revolt over two years and instituted reforms in governing India afterwards, including transferring power to the British Crown.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the 1857 revolt against the British East India Company's rule in India. Key policies like annexing territories and reducing the power of local rulers angered many groups. The peasants, sepoys, and former rulers like in Awadh and Jhansi were unhappy with high taxes, land grabs, religious interference, and new service rules. In Meerut in May 1857, sepoys rebelled and freed jailed soldiers, attacking British officers. They captured Delhi after convincing the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to lead them, marking a major rebellion against Company rule.
war of independence : 1857
the revolt was the first independence war but the British said This is the rebellion, mutiny.this war is between the Indian soldiers and British Indian army .
The 1857 War of Independence was sparked by many political, religious, social, and economic factors that increased resentment toward British rule in India. Politically, the British extended their control of land and replaced Persian with English as the official language. Religiously and socially, the British disrespected Indian culture and sent Christian monks to spread their religion. Economically, the British imposed heavy taxes, filled markets with cheap goods, and many Indians became impoverished. Militarily, high-ranking positions were closed to Indians. The war began when sepoys mutinied over new gun cartridges but later expanded, with Delhi and other cities captured. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of unity among differing Indian groups
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE 1857 2023.pptxMVHerwadkarschool
The document summarizes the causes, events, and impact of the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. It describes how British policies like the Doctrine of Lapse and economic changes dissatisfied both rulers and common people in India. The immediate cause was soldiers refusing to use new gun cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. The revolt began with soldiers in Meerut and spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi and Lucknow led by figures like Bahadur Shah II, Nana Saheb, Tatya Tope, and Rani Laxmibai. Though initially successful, lack of unity, leadership and support from other rulers led to the revolt's failure. It ended Company rule and began direct British
The document discusses the revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It provides details on the immediate reason for the revolt being the introduction of the Enfield rifle cartridge that was greased with cow or pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim sentiments. It also lists the religious, political and economic causes that led to broader discontent. The revolt shook the British East India Company's rule but ultimately failed due to a lack of clear leadership and post-British victory plans among Indian rulers who aided the revolt. It led to direct British rule over India and the rise of the Indian National Congress to advocate for Indians.
The document summarizes the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as India's First War of Independence. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army in Meerut in May 1857 and soon escalated into a widespread rebellion across northern and central India. The rebellion challenged British rule in India and was finally suppressed by June 1858. The document outlines the various causes of the revolt as well as its key leaders and centers. It concludes by describing how the British regained control of India by 1859 through military campaigns, new laws, and some policy changes.
Britiish-French Invasions and Struggle for Independence.pptmuttahirahmedkhan1
The document summarizes the pre-independence scenario in India following the decline of the Mughal Empire and increasing invasions and influence of European powers like the French and British. It led to conflicts between local rulers and the British East India Company as they sought to expand trade and territorial control over India. Key events discussed include the establishment of trading posts and forts by the British EIC in various regions, the Battle of Plassey in 1757 which marked the Company's first major military victory, and the 1857 Indian Rebellion against British rule which failed due to lack of unity and leadership among independence fighters.
The document discusses the rise of British imperialism in India. It describes how the British East India Company established trading posts in India in the 1600s and 1700s. As the Mughal Empire declined, the East India Company's power grew and it began building its own military force composed mainly of Indian soldiers led by British commanders. A key moment was the Battle of Plassey in 1757, where British forces led by Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal, establishing British political and military control over Bengal. This marked the beginning of British rule over India.
The document summarizes key events of the 1857 rebellion in India against the British East India Company. It describes how the company gradually eroded the power of local rulers like the Nawabs. This caused resentment among rulers and sepoys. In 1857, sepoys in Meerut mutinied after being issued new gun cartridges greased with animal fat. They marched to Delhi and joined the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. The rebellion then spread across many regions led by figures like Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Nana Saheb. Though initially successful, the British eventually suppressed the massive rebellion over two years through reinforcements. After regaining control in 1859, the British
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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter-5 When People Rebel Free Study Material
1. Class VIII ( History) - Reading Materials
Chapter:5 When People rebel, 1857 and after.
( THE REVOLT OF 1857 OF INDIA)
1.Introduction:
The revolt of 1857 has been marked as the landmark revolutionary event in the history of India. The
revolt was initiated by the Indian sepoys of the Company, so it has been commonly termed as ‘Sepoy
Mutiny’.
But it was not simply a revolt of sepys. It is considered as the biggest armed resistance to the colonialism
in the nineteenth century anywhere in the world.
It was a big blow to the mighty Company Officials, an eye opening event for the British Crown in
England.
The Mutiny also helped to initiate many significant changes in the political condition in the Indian
subcontinent thereafter.
A. THE GROUPS INVOLVED IN THE REVOLT.
The revolt of 1857 was the reflection of a collective anger among different groups of
people of India. The groups of people are-
1. The Indian soldiers of the Company
2 The Rulers- emperor, kings Queens, Nawabs.
3. The peasants and Zaminders
4. The tribes or forest dweller.
Each groups had their own reasons of discontent and unhappiness but ultimately they all
spontaneously supported and joined with the rebellious sepoys.
The Groups of people participated in the Indian movement in 1857 & the Causes.
The Groups- Reasons of unhappiness
1. The Indian
soldiers of the
Company
i.Related to their pay, allowances and conditions of service.
ii) Reform in the Company army, introduction of new rifles and
cartridges.
2.The Rulers-
emperor, kings
Queens, Nawabs.
They were unhappy because they lost their territory, authority
and also their ancestral right, honour and freedom.
3.The peasants
and Zaminders
They were discontent because of the high taxes and the rigid
methods of revenue collection, social reform, religious conversion
Law passed by the Company.
4.The tribes The forest Law and atrocity acts passed by the Company to
control forest tribes, affected their life adversely.
B. CAUSES OF THE REVOLT.
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2. Many causes led to the outbreak of Revolt of 1857. There were political, economic, social, religious and
military causes of the revolt. A brief account of these causes are-
1. POLITICAL CAUSES-
I) Expanding British Empire-
II) Doctrine of Laps-
III) Annexation of Awadh
IV) Disrespect to Bahadur Shah zafar.
2. Military Grievances-
I) Low salary and allowances to Indian soldiers.
II) Poor service conditions.
III) According to the new law of 1856 Indian soldiers not given extra allowances.
IV. According to the new law, a soldier had to signed an agreement to go abroad if
required.
3. Social Reform- The Company introduced policies and laws to reform Indian society which
were not acceptable for the people of India. Some of the important reform introduced are-
I. Widow re-marriages,
II. Ban on Sati.
III. English Education.
IV. Girls education.
4. Religious expansion & discrimination-
I. The Company started to promote Christianity.
II. The Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely.
III. The Company passed a new law in 1850, to make conversion to Christianity easier.
5. Economic causes-
I) The Company applied some exploitive policies.
II) The People in the countryside had to pay high rate of tax.
iii) The system of collection of revenue was very strict.
1) The Indian soldiers or sepoys in the Company army: The group that started the mutiny. The
out brook of the event started because of discontent among the native soldiers of the Company.
The cause of discontent or unhappiness among the soldiers:
The causes of anger and unhappiness among the Indian sepoys of the Company were many.
Some of the causes were related to their service conditions and the reforms initiated by the
Company in the army as below-
First: Generally, the Indian sepoys in the Company were from the countryside. The
sepoys were also not happy with the suffering and unhappiness among the people in the
rural areas.
Secondly :The soldiers were unhappy about their pay, allowances and conditions of
service.
Thirdly: The sepoys were discontent with the new of the new rules and the new law
introduced by the Company for the soldiers which violated religious sensibilities and
beliefs of the native soldiers.
Generally the people of India believed that crossing sea was against the religious belief.
The sepoys were forced to move over the ocean which was against their religious
sentiments and belief.
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3. The new law in 1856 passed by the Company army made compulsory for the new
employee to serve overseas if required.
Fourth : The immediate cause of the Mutiny): The new rifles and the cartridges was
the main cause for the collective anger among the soldiers. The cartridges used for the
new rifles were greased with the fate the fate of cows and pig. So, it was against the
religious sentiment of the Indian soldier both Hindu and Muslim.
2. The native rulers: emperor, Kings, queens and nobles were another active group who had
supported the mutiny spontaneously. They were unhappy because they lost their territory,
authority and also their ancestral right, honour and freedom. Their demands were not fulfilled.
3).The peasants and landlords: The peasants and zaminders were also unhappy because of
the high taxes and the rigid methods of revenue collection, social reform, religious conversion
Law passed by the Company.
4.)The tribes : They lived in the forest but they were also unhappy due to the Company's
policy and attitudes towards the tribal way of life. The forest Law and the atrocity acts passed by
the Company affected their life adversely.
C. BREAK OUT OF THE REVOLT : Beginning of the mutiny.
Indian soldiers in the Company’s army were not happy for many reasons as already mentioned
above.
But the immediate cause of the outbreak of the event was-
a) Introduction of the new rifles and the cartridge in the Company’s Army.
b) Order of army drill in the Meerut cantonment with the new rifles and cartridges.
c) Memory of Mangal Pandey, a sepoy in Barrackpur who was hanged to death on 29
March 1857 for disobeying his officer.
I)The Mutiny in Meerut:
I)In Meerut cantonment, the soldiers were ordered by the Company higher Officers to
participate an army drill using the new rifles and Cartridges.
II) Both Hindu and Muslim soldiers refused to use the new rifles and disobeyed their
higher Colonial officers.
III)The soldiers refused to obey the order were severely punished.
IV)So, Eighty five soldiers were dismissed from service and they sentenced to ten year
in jail on 9 May 1857.
II)Activities by the angry soldiers in Meerut:
I)The other soldiers in Meerut reacted extraordinarily.
II)Next very day all other soldiers marched to the jail and released the imprisoned
sepoys.
III)They attacked and killed British officers.
IV)They captured guns and ammunition and declared war against the Company.
V)The Declared war against the ‘firangis”
D. SPREAD OF THE REVOLT.
The spread of the rebellion was influenced by the two factors as-
1)March of the rebellious soldiers from Meerut to Delhi, over night.
2)Involvement of Bahadur Shah Zafar with the Mutiny.
1) March of the rebellious soldiers from Meerut to Delhi.
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4. I)After the event in Meerut cantonment on 10th
May, next all the night o the soldier
rode to Delhi.
II)As the news of their arrival spread the soldiers in the Delhi also rose up in rebellion
and attacked the British officers and captured the arms and ammunition.
III)Then the Soldier went to Red Fort and to get the support of Bahadur Shah Zahar,the
last Mughal king.
IV) When the king gave consent, he was proclaimed as the Leader of the rebellious
sepoys.
2). Involvement of Bahadur Shah Zafar with the Mutiny.
Although, at first the emperor was not willing to challenge the mighty British power but finally
had to accept the demand of the soldiers.
I) Involvement of Bahadur Shah Zafar was like extra energy to the Mutiny and
strengthened the rebellion.
II)The emperor then wrote letter to all the chiefs and rulers to come forward and organize
a confederacy of Indian states to fight the British.
III)This motivated the rulers and chieftains across the country and gave their support to
the rebellion.
IV) Such development also encouraged other soldiers of the Company in different
cantonments of India. So regiment after regiment in different cantonments mutinied and
took off to join other troops at Nodal point line Delhi.
V) Many native rulers responded the call of the leader and joined the rebellion.
E. PLACES OF THE REVOLT:
The Mutiny started in Meerut, the soldiers from different cantonment from different
places of India joined .
Some of the places are- Delhi, Luknow, Kanpur, Gowalior, Jhansi, Ramgarh,
Barrakpore, Bareilly and many more,
F. PERSONS / LEADERS INVOLVED.
Local peasant leader, Zaminder, religious leaders and rulers joined the rebel.
1. Bahadur Shah Zafar: The last Mughal king. He lived in Red Fort. The rebel sepoys
requested him to join with them. Initially he was not wanted to
challenge the British but ultimately he joined as the sepoys forced.
He was proclaimed as the leader of the sepoys. He wrote letter to
all the native rulers to join the sepoys. He was sentence to jail in
Rangoon. He died in Rangoon in November 1862.
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5. 2. Nana Saheb: The adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II. He wanted that his father
pension be given to him. Lived near Kanpur, gathered armed
forces and expelled the British garrison from the city.
3.Rani Avantibai Lodhi: She was the ruler of Ramgarh in the Mandala region of Madhya
Pradesh. She raised and lead an army of four thousand against
the British who had taken over the administration of her state.
After initial victory in Khetri, she chose to embrace death when
she was surrounded by the British on all sides.
4. Rani Lakshmibai: Rulers of the kingdom called Jhansi. She wanted the Company to
recognize her adopted son as the heir to the kingdom after death
of her husband. She joined the rebel sepoys and fight the British
along with Tantia Tope. She was defeated and was killed in March
1858.
5. Tantia Tope: The General of Nana Saheb, escaped to jungles of central Indian
and continue to fight a gurrilla war with the support of many tribal
peasant leaders. He was captured , tried and killed in April 1859.
6.Kunwar Shing: A zaminder from Bihar. He joined the rebel sepoys and battled
with the British for many months.
7.Bakht Khan : A soldier from Barerilly took the charge of a large force of fighters
who came to Delhi.
8.Ahmadullah Shah: A maulvi from Faizabad lead a large number of ghazis or religious
warriors against the Colonial power.
9.Birjis Qadr: In Lucknow he was proclaimed as the new Nawab under the
suzerainty of Bahadur Shah zafar. He was son of Nawab Wajid
Ali Shah, the deposed Nawab.
G. THE COMPANY FRIGHTS BACK:
I) The company decided to repress the revolt with all its might.
II) It brought reinforcement from England.
III)It passed new laws so that the rebels could be convicted with case.
IV)The British army moved into the storm centres of the revolt and many of these were
recaptured.
V)The company announced rewards for loyal landholders.
VI)The company announced to protect the life and right if any rebel who wanted to
submit.
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6. H. AFTERMATH: IMPACT OR THE CHANGES AFTER THE REVOLT.
The British had regained control of the country by the end of 1859.
1.Changes in Administration of British India
I) The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the
East India Company to the British Crown.
II) A member of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary State for India and made
responsible for all matters related to the government of India.
III) The Cabinet member was given a council to advise him.
IV)The Governor General of India was given the title of Viceroy, as a personal
representative of the Crown.
2. All the ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in
future and their right would be protected.
3. Decided to reduce the proportion of Indian soldiers and to increase European soldiers.
4. The land and properties of Muslims was confiscated on large scale.
5. The British decided to respect the customary religious and social practices of the people in
India.
6. Policies were made to protect landlords and zaminders and give them security of rights over
their lands.
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