The document provides background information on the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It began as a mutiny of sepoys in the East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 and spread rapidly to Delhi and other regions of northern India. The rebellion was fueled by socio-religious, political and military grievances against the British. Key events included the sepoy mutiny in Meerut in March 1857, the rebellion in Delhi under Bahadur Shah II in May 1857, and uprisings across major cities and regions throughout late 1857 and 1858. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by the British in 1859, resulting in the dissolution of the East India Company and direct control of India by the British Crown.
The document summarizes the major causes and events of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It describes how sepoys in Delhi appealed to the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah to lead the revolt. The revolt was caused by resentment among Indians towards British economic exploitation, annexation of territories, and racial discrimination. Key figures in the revolt included Rani Laxmi Bai, Mangal Pandey, and Bahadur Shah Zafar. The revolt was eventually suppressed by the British army, though it marked the end of East India Company rule and inspired later Indian independence movements.
The 1857 revolt was sparked by various British policies that disrespected Indian traditions and rulers. The Doctrine of Lapse and other social changes angered both Hindus and Muslims. Key figures like Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmi Bai, and Bahadur Shah II led uprisings in many major cities across northern India. Although the revolt ultimately failed, it marked the beginning of the Indian independence movement and led the British to transfer power over India from the East India Company to the British Crown.
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to widespread dissatisfaction and unrest among Indians. The revolt began as a mutiny of sepoys in the East India Company's army over new gunpowder cartridges but quickly escalated as many rulers, peasants, tribes and others joined in. Key figures who led the revolt included Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Mangal Pandey and Begum Hazrat Mahal. However, the revolt ultimately failed due to lack of unity and centralized leadership among the various groups involved.
The document summarizes the key events and causes of the 1857 Indian rebellion against the British East India Company. It describes how the rebellion began with Indian soldiers refusing to use new cartridges due to religious reasons. This led to their arrest and sparked further unrest. The rebellion then spread to several major cities, with leaders like Nana Sahib and the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II supporting the rebels. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, inferior resources compared to the British, and other native princes not joining. The British regained control of major cities by July 1858, crushing the rebellion.
The document summarizes key events and causes of the 1857 revolt against the British East India Company's rule in India. It describes Lord Dalhousie's Doctrine of Lapse which annexed princely states, the disrespect shown to local rulers, and the British defeat in the first Anglo-Afghan war which inspired Indians. It outlines the spread of the revolt from Meerut to Delhi, Kanpur, Awadh, Jhansi, and Bihar under leaders like Rani Lakshmi Bai and Nana Saheb. It notes the revolt was localized and lacked unity among sepoys and leaders, allowing the British to prevail through their experienced generals.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the town of Meerut in May 1857 and erupted into wider rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a serious threat to British power but was eventually contained after the defeat of rebel forces in Gwalior in June 1858. Key leaders of the revolt included the Rani of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, Kunwar Singh, and Maulvi Ahmadullah. The revolt marked the end of East India Company rule and the direct governance of India by the British crown.
Arrival and expansion of british power in indiaIshank Sahu
The document summarizes the arrival and expansion of British power in India from the 1600s to the mid-1800s. It discusses the establishment of European trading companies, including the English East India Company in 1600. It then covers key battles like the Carnatic Wars of the mid-1700s and the pivotal Battles of Plassey in 1757 and Buxar in 1764, which helped the EIC gain control of Bengal. It also outlines the policies of dual government, subsidiary alliances, and the Doctrine of Lapse that the British used to further expand their territorial control across India in the late 1700s-early 1800s.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses:
- Political, social, religious, economic, administrative, and military causes of the rebellion.
- Key starting points of the rebellion in Meerut and Delhi in May 1857. Rebel sepoys took control of Delhi and persuaded Bahadur Shah II to support them.
- Spread of the rebellion to other regions including Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi, and others. Key leaders included Nana Sahib, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Laxmibai.
- British suppression of the rebellion, with Delhi and other cities retaken by mid-1858. Key
The document summarizes the major causes and events of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It describes how sepoys in Delhi appealed to the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah to lead the revolt. The revolt was caused by resentment among Indians towards British economic exploitation, annexation of territories, and racial discrimination. Key figures in the revolt included Rani Laxmi Bai, Mangal Pandey, and Bahadur Shah Zafar. The revolt was eventually suppressed by the British army, though it marked the end of East India Company rule and inspired later Indian independence movements.
The 1857 revolt was sparked by various British policies that disrespected Indian traditions and rulers. The Doctrine of Lapse and other social changes angered both Hindus and Muslims. Key figures like Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmi Bai, and Bahadur Shah II led uprisings in many major cities across northern India. Although the revolt ultimately failed, it marked the beginning of the Indian independence movement and led the British to transfer power over India from the East India Company to the British Crown.
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to widespread dissatisfaction and unrest among Indians. The revolt began as a mutiny of sepoys in the East India Company's army over new gunpowder cartridges but quickly escalated as many rulers, peasants, tribes and others joined in. Key figures who led the revolt included Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Mangal Pandey and Begum Hazrat Mahal. However, the revolt ultimately failed due to lack of unity and centralized leadership among the various groups involved.
The document summarizes the key events and causes of the 1857 Indian rebellion against the British East India Company. It describes how the rebellion began with Indian soldiers refusing to use new cartridges due to religious reasons. This led to their arrest and sparked further unrest. The rebellion then spread to several major cities, with leaders like Nana Sahib and the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II supporting the rebels. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, inferior resources compared to the British, and other native princes not joining. The British regained control of major cities by July 1858, crushing the rebellion.
The document summarizes key events and causes of the 1857 revolt against the British East India Company's rule in India. It describes Lord Dalhousie's Doctrine of Lapse which annexed princely states, the disrespect shown to local rulers, and the British defeat in the first Anglo-Afghan war which inspired Indians. It outlines the spread of the revolt from Meerut to Delhi, Kanpur, Awadh, Jhansi, and Bihar under leaders like Rani Lakshmi Bai and Nana Saheb. It notes the revolt was localized and lacked unity among sepoys and leaders, allowing the British to prevail through their experienced generals.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the town of Meerut in May 1857 and erupted into wider rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a serious threat to British power but was eventually contained after the defeat of rebel forces in Gwalior in June 1858. Key leaders of the revolt included the Rani of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, Kunwar Singh, and Maulvi Ahmadullah. The revolt marked the end of East India Company rule and the direct governance of India by the British crown.
Arrival and expansion of british power in indiaIshank Sahu
The document summarizes the arrival and expansion of British power in India from the 1600s to the mid-1800s. It discusses the establishment of European trading companies, including the English East India Company in 1600. It then covers key battles like the Carnatic Wars of the mid-1700s and the pivotal Battles of Plassey in 1757 and Buxar in 1764, which helped the EIC gain control of Bengal. It also outlines the policies of dual government, subsidiary alliances, and the Doctrine of Lapse that the British used to further expand their territorial control across India in the late 1700s-early 1800s.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses:
- Political, social, religious, economic, administrative, and military causes of the rebellion.
- Key starting points of the rebellion in Meerut and Delhi in May 1857. Rebel sepoys took control of Delhi and persuaded Bahadur Shah II to support them.
- Spread of the rebellion to other regions including Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi, and others. Key leaders included Nana Sahib, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Laxmibai.
- British suppression of the rebellion, with Delhi and other cities retaken by mid-1858. Key
The 85 Indian troopers were court martialled in Meerut for refusing to use new cartridges rumored to contain cow and pig fat. On May 10th, the troopers stormed the jail and released their comrades, and civilians joined in killing 50 Europeans. The revolt quickly spread due to political, social, religious, economic and administrative grievances under the British East India Company's rule. Key centers of revolt included Meerut, Delhi, Kanpur and Jhansi. The revolt was suppressed by July 1858, and led to control of India being transferred to the British Crown and more involvement of Indians in administration.
The document summarizes the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as India's First War of Independence. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army in Meerut in May 1857 and soon escalated into a widespread rebellion across northern and central India. The rebellion challenged British rule in India and was finally suppressed by June 1858. The document outlines the various causes of the revolt as well as its key leaders and centers. It concludes by describing how the British regained control of India by 1859 through military campaigns, new laws, and some policy changes.
The document summarizes the major causes and events of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It describes how sepoys in Delhi appealed to the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah to lead the revolt. The revolt was caused by resentment among Indians towards British economic exploitation, annexation of territories, and racial discrimination. Key figures in the revolt included Rani Laxmi Bai, Mangal Pandey, and Bahadur Shah Zafar. The revolt was eventually suppressed by the British with the help of the army, but led to the end of East India Company rule and more autonomy under direct British governance.
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
Bahadur Shah, the Mughal emperor, was asked to lead the Indian rebellion against the British in 1857. On May 11th, rebel regiments from Meerut reached Delhi and asked for an audience with Bahadur Shah, which was granted the next day. Although dismayed by the disorder, Bahadur Shah publicly supported the rebellion. However, on May 16th British prisoners held in the palace were killed in front of Bahadur Shah to implicate him in the killings and prevent any compromise with the British. Bahadur Shah then issued a decree on May 12th urging all Indians to join the revolt and fight the British.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys in the town of Meerut on May 10, 1857 and escalated into widespread rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a major threat to British East India Company rule in the region. Key leaders of the rebellion included Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, Mangal Pandey, Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and others. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by 1859, marking the end of Company rule and beginning of direct British rule over India.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 refers to a rebellion in India against the rule of the British East India Company, that ran from May 1857 to June 1858. The rebellion began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the cantonment of the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region.[2] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to East India Company power in that region,[3] and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.[2] The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Revolt of 1857, the Rebellion of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion, the Indian Insurrection and the Sepoy Mutiny.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in the town of Meerut over new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat. It soon spread to other areas, led by figures such as Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow. Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of East India Company rule in India and the direct governance of India by the British Crown.
The document discusses the causes and importance of the Revolt of 1857 in India. It was the first major uprising against British rule and was caused by various political, economic, social, religious and military factors that led to growing discontent among the Indian population. The immediate cause was the introduction of new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim religious sentiments. Though it expressed widespread opposition to colonial rule, the revolt ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, leadership and participation.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses how the British gradually undermined local rulers and imposed their authority, angering both royalty and peasants. Tensions increased as British policies interfered with religious customs and rights of sepoys. The rebellion began when sepoys in Meerut mutinied in May 1857, then marched to Delhi and declared the Mughal emperor their leader. The rebellion rapidly spread across North India as many rulers, peasants, and religious leaders joined to oppose British rule. Key leaders and centers of revolt are mentioned. The British fought back fiercely over two years to regain control, punishing many of the rebels and making major changes to secure their governance of India.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India and marked a turning point in Indian history. It was caused by growing political, administrative, economic, social, religious, and military discontent among Indian rulers and the population. Specifically, the British policies of annexation under the Doctrine of Lapse, disrespect shown to the Mughal emperor, exclusion of Indians from high posts, and lack of representation fueled resentment and led many to support the revolt against the British East India Company's rule. The revolt marked the first major challenge to British authority in India.
Revolt of 1857: India's first War of IndependenceRahul Singh
The document provides details about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as India's First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. It began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 in Meerut, India. The rebellion soon spread to other areas and erupted into widespread civilian rebellions against British rule across northern and central India. Major hostilities were concentrated in the modern-day state of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi. The rebellion posed a major threat to British Company power in the region and was only contained after the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858.
The document summarizes the challenges of Indian independence and partition in 1947 as seen through Nehru's speech from the Red Fort on August 15th. It outlines 3 challenges: 1) uniting a diverse society, 2) establishing democracy, and 3) ensuring development and well-being for all. It then discusses the two-nation theory that divided India into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan, which led to the painful partition along religious lines. However, implementation was difficult as Muslim populations were not confined to single areas. Partition resulted in massive displacement, violence, and deaths as millions migrated across the new borders.
The 1857 revolt in India, also known as the Indian Mutiny or First War of Independence, began as a mutiny of sepoys in the British East India Company's army against new equipment and policies undermining Indian religions. It erupted into broader rebellions across northern and central India led by rulers and civilians of different classes and groups opposed to British colonial rule. The immediate causes included the rumored greasing of cartridges with cow and pig fat offensive to Hindus and Muslims, as well as wider political, economic, military, social, and religious grievances. In the aftermath, the British government took direct control of India from the East India Company and instituted reforms while also punishing perceived mutiny leaders and participants.
The 1857 War of Independence began as a mutiny by Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the Bengal Army of the British East India Company. The rebellion started on May 10th, 1857 in Meerut, India and soon spread to Delhi and other regions. Dissatisfaction had been growing among Indian soldiers in the East India Company's army due to new equipment and rumors that the new cartridges for firearms were greased with animal fat that violated Hindu and Muslim beliefs. The rebellion was led by both Hindu and Muslim soldiers as well as Indian rulers like the Rani of Jhansi who wanted independence from British rule. While the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of Company rule in India and
The British East India Company-The Rise and FallFarhana Afroj
The document summarizes the history of the British East India Company, which was established in 1600 with a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I. It began as a trading company but gradually expanded its influence in India over the 17th-18th centuries. Key events included establishing trading posts, gaining monopolies and privileges from Mughal rulers, and eventually taking control of local administration and taxation in regions of India. The company faced financial troubles in the late 18th century and was dissolved in 1874 after the British government took over control of India following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The Revolt of 1857 was the first major challenge to British rule in India. It was caused by exploitative colonial policies that hurt Indian agriculture, increased taxes, and limited employment. Religious and political reforms antagonized many. The revolt began with soldier mutinies over rumors about new gun cartridges and bread. It spread from Meerut to Delhi and other major cities, with Bahadur Shah Zafar declared the emperor. Though some civilians joined, there was no true all-India revolt or central leadership. The British used superior weapons and leadership to eventually suppress the revolt in major cities by September 1857.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It lists economic, political, social, religious, and military causes for the revolt. A major cause was the fear that Britain wanted to destroy Indian religion and impose Christianity. The revolt began small in Meerut over greased gun cartridges but then grew, spreading to many areas. Important leaders of the revolt included Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi. After suppressing the revolt, Britain took direct control of India from the East India Company and Queen Victoria became Empress of India.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It identifies political, social, religious, economic and military causes that led to growing resentment, including the annexation of states, new social reforms threatening traditions, heavy taxes and economic exploitation, and unequal treatment of Indian soldiers. The immediate cause was a rumor that new gun cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim soldiers. The revolt spread across many areas led by figures like the Rani of Jhansi and was a major challenge to British power in India.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857, in Meerut, and soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the Upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858. The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence and was a major uprising in India during the British Raj.
1) The document provides a historical overview of ancient, medieval, and modern India, focusing on periods of colonial British rule from 1858-1947.
2) It describes the Indian Rebellion of 1857 as a significant uprising against British rule that began with sepoy mutinies in Meerut and spread to Delhi under the leadership of Bahadur Shah Zafar.
3) Key figures like Nana Saheb and Rani Laxmibai joined the rebellion in Kanpur and Jhansi, as the rebellion spread across northern India with people rallying around local leaders opposed to British control.
The 85 Indian troopers were court martialled in Meerut for refusing to use new cartridges rumored to contain cow and pig fat. On May 10th, the troopers stormed the jail and released their comrades, and civilians joined in killing 50 Europeans. The revolt quickly spread due to political, social, religious, economic and administrative grievances under the British East India Company's rule. Key centers of revolt included Meerut, Delhi, Kanpur and Jhansi. The revolt was suppressed by July 1858, and led to control of India being transferred to the British Crown and more involvement of Indians in administration.
The document summarizes the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as India's First War of Independence. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army in Meerut in May 1857 and soon escalated into a widespread rebellion across northern and central India. The rebellion challenged British rule in India and was finally suppressed by June 1858. The document outlines the various causes of the revolt as well as its key leaders and centers. It concludes by describing how the British regained control of India by 1859 through military campaigns, new laws, and some policy changes.
The document summarizes the major causes and events of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It describes how sepoys in Delhi appealed to the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah to lead the revolt. The revolt was caused by resentment among Indians towards British economic exploitation, annexation of territories, and racial discrimination. Key figures in the revolt included Rani Laxmi Bai, Mangal Pandey, and Bahadur Shah Zafar. The revolt was eventually suppressed by the British with the help of the army, but led to the end of East India Company rule and more autonomy under direct British governance.
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
Bahadur Shah, the Mughal emperor, was asked to lead the Indian rebellion against the British in 1857. On May 11th, rebel regiments from Meerut reached Delhi and asked for an audience with Bahadur Shah, which was granted the next day. Although dismayed by the disorder, Bahadur Shah publicly supported the rebellion. However, on May 16th British prisoners held in the palace were killed in front of Bahadur Shah to implicate him in the killings and prevent any compromise with the British. Bahadur Shah then issued a decree on May 12th urging all Indians to join the revolt and fight the British.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys in the town of Meerut on May 10, 1857 and escalated into widespread rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a major threat to British East India Company rule in the region. Key leaders of the rebellion included Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, Mangal Pandey, Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and others. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by 1859, marking the end of Company rule and beginning of direct British rule over India.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 refers to a rebellion in India against the rule of the British East India Company, that ran from May 1857 to June 1858. The rebellion began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the cantonment of the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region.[2] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to East India Company power in that region,[3] and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.[2] The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Revolt of 1857, the Rebellion of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion, the Indian Insurrection and the Sepoy Mutiny.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in the town of Meerut over new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat. It soon spread to other areas, led by figures such as Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow. Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of East India Company rule in India and the direct governance of India by the British Crown.
The document discusses the causes and importance of the Revolt of 1857 in India. It was the first major uprising against British rule and was caused by various political, economic, social, religious and military factors that led to growing discontent among the Indian population. The immediate cause was the introduction of new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim religious sentiments. Though it expressed widespread opposition to colonial rule, the revolt ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, leadership and participation.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses how the British gradually undermined local rulers and imposed their authority, angering both royalty and peasants. Tensions increased as British policies interfered with religious customs and rights of sepoys. The rebellion began when sepoys in Meerut mutinied in May 1857, then marched to Delhi and declared the Mughal emperor their leader. The rebellion rapidly spread across North India as many rulers, peasants, and religious leaders joined to oppose British rule. Key leaders and centers of revolt are mentioned. The British fought back fiercely over two years to regain control, punishing many of the rebels and making major changes to secure their governance of India.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India and marked a turning point in Indian history. It was caused by growing political, administrative, economic, social, religious, and military discontent among Indian rulers and the population. Specifically, the British policies of annexation under the Doctrine of Lapse, disrespect shown to the Mughal emperor, exclusion of Indians from high posts, and lack of representation fueled resentment and led many to support the revolt against the British East India Company's rule. The revolt marked the first major challenge to British authority in India.
Revolt of 1857: India's first War of IndependenceRahul Singh
The document provides details about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as India's First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. It began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 in Meerut, India. The rebellion soon spread to other areas and erupted into widespread civilian rebellions against British rule across northern and central India. Major hostilities were concentrated in the modern-day state of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi. The rebellion posed a major threat to British Company power in the region and was only contained after the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858.
The document summarizes the challenges of Indian independence and partition in 1947 as seen through Nehru's speech from the Red Fort on August 15th. It outlines 3 challenges: 1) uniting a diverse society, 2) establishing democracy, and 3) ensuring development and well-being for all. It then discusses the two-nation theory that divided India into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan, which led to the painful partition along religious lines. However, implementation was difficult as Muslim populations were not confined to single areas. Partition resulted in massive displacement, violence, and deaths as millions migrated across the new borders.
The 1857 revolt in India, also known as the Indian Mutiny or First War of Independence, began as a mutiny of sepoys in the British East India Company's army against new equipment and policies undermining Indian religions. It erupted into broader rebellions across northern and central India led by rulers and civilians of different classes and groups opposed to British colonial rule. The immediate causes included the rumored greasing of cartridges with cow and pig fat offensive to Hindus and Muslims, as well as wider political, economic, military, social, and religious grievances. In the aftermath, the British government took direct control of India from the East India Company and instituted reforms while also punishing perceived mutiny leaders and participants.
The 1857 War of Independence began as a mutiny by Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the Bengal Army of the British East India Company. The rebellion started on May 10th, 1857 in Meerut, India and soon spread to Delhi and other regions. Dissatisfaction had been growing among Indian soldiers in the East India Company's army due to new equipment and rumors that the new cartridges for firearms were greased with animal fat that violated Hindu and Muslim beliefs. The rebellion was led by both Hindu and Muslim soldiers as well as Indian rulers like the Rani of Jhansi who wanted independence from British rule. While the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of Company rule in India and
The British East India Company-The Rise and FallFarhana Afroj
The document summarizes the history of the British East India Company, which was established in 1600 with a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I. It began as a trading company but gradually expanded its influence in India over the 17th-18th centuries. Key events included establishing trading posts, gaining monopolies and privileges from Mughal rulers, and eventually taking control of local administration and taxation in regions of India. The company faced financial troubles in the late 18th century and was dissolved in 1874 after the British government took over control of India following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The Revolt of 1857 was the first major challenge to British rule in India. It was caused by exploitative colonial policies that hurt Indian agriculture, increased taxes, and limited employment. Religious and political reforms antagonized many. The revolt began with soldier mutinies over rumors about new gun cartridges and bread. It spread from Meerut to Delhi and other major cities, with Bahadur Shah Zafar declared the emperor. Though some civilians joined, there was no true all-India revolt or central leadership. The British used superior weapons and leadership to eventually suppress the revolt in major cities by September 1857.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the revolt of 1857 in India against British rule. It lists economic, political, social, religious, and military causes for the revolt. A major cause was the fear that Britain wanted to destroy Indian religion and impose Christianity. The revolt began small in Meerut over greased gun cartridges but then grew, spreading to many areas. Important leaders of the revolt included Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and Bahadur Shah Zafar in Delhi. After suppressing the revolt, Britain took direct control of India from the East India Company and Queen Victoria became Empress of India.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It identifies political, social, religious, economic and military causes that led to growing resentment, including the annexation of states, new social reforms threatening traditions, heavy taxes and economic exploitation, and unequal treatment of Indian soldiers. The immediate cause was a rumor that new gun cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim soldiers. The revolt spread across many areas led by figures like the Rani of Jhansi and was a major challenge to British power in India.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857, in Meerut, and soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the Upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858. The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence and was a major uprising in India during the British Raj.
1) The document provides a historical overview of ancient, medieval, and modern India, focusing on periods of colonial British rule from 1858-1947.
2) It describes the Indian Rebellion of 1857 as a significant uprising against British rule that began with sepoy mutinies in Meerut and spread to Delhi under the leadership of Bahadur Shah Zafar.
3) Key figures like Nana Saheb and Rani Laxmibai joined the rebellion in Kanpur and Jhansi, as the rebellion spread across northern India with people rallying around local leaders opposed to British control.
The 1857 revolt began as a mutiny of sepoys in Meerut in response to the new cartridges but quickly escalated. Dissatisfaction had been growing among Indians due to British policies like annexation, doctrine of lapse, and economic exploitation. In Delhi, Bahadur Shah II was declared the leader but the city fell to the British in September 1857. The revolt spread to Awadh, Kanpur, Jhansi, and other regions, led by figures like Nana Sahib, the Rani of Jhansi, and Khan Bahadur Khan, but it was suppressed by July 1858. The revolt weakened Mughal power and led the British to transfer control of India to the Crown
The document provides a detailed overview of the Rebellion of 1857 in India. It covers the origins, timeline, suppression, interpretations, patterns, and leadership of the rebellion. It also discusses the roles of sepoys, peasants, artisans, and the state of Awadh in the revolt. The document outlines the end of Mughal rule, grievances against British colonialism, the search for alternative power structures, and images/depictions of the rebellion in paintings, prints and films. It concludes with the administrative changes the British implemented in response like new laws, policies of repression, and portraying the rebellion as a mutiny to consolidate imperial power.
The document summarizes the events surrounding the 1857 rebellion against British rule in India. It describes how the British gradually annexed territories ruled by Indian kings and nawabs. This led to growing resentment among peasants, soldiers, and royalty. In 1857, Indian soldiers in the British East India Company army rebelled in Meerut and Delhi, marking the beginning of the rebellion. The rebellion soon spread across northern and central India, with many regional leaders joining the fight. The British faced several defeats but eventually suppressed the rebellion over the next two years, taking back major cities and killing or exiling the rebel leaders. As a result, the British government assumed direct control over India.
The document provides information on the causes and leaders of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It discusses religious, political, socio-economic and military causes for the revolt, including issues related to new Enfield rifle cartridges, land policies, taxation, and status of Indian soldiers. Key leaders who led revolt forces in different regions included Mangal Pandey, Nana Sahib, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Tatya Tope, Kunwar Singh, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh. The revolt ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, planning, weapons, and full popular support across India.
Britiish-French Invasions and Struggle for Independence.pptmuttahirahmedkhan1
The document summarizes the pre-independence scenario in India following the decline of the Mughal Empire and increasing invasions and influence of European powers like the French and British. It led to conflicts between local rulers and the British East India Company as they sought to expand trade and territorial control over India. Key events discussed include the establishment of trading posts and forts by the British EIC in various regions, the Battle of Plassey in 1757 which marked the Company's first major military victory, and the 1857 Indian Rebellion against British rule which failed due to lack of unity and leadership among independence fighters.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The main causes were political, as local leaders lost authority to the British; religious and social, as British culture threatened local faiths; economic, as high taxes burdened peasants; and military, as low pay and lack of promotion resented sepoys. In 1857, sepoys rebelled against new rifles greased with cow and pig fat. The rebellion spread from Meerut to Delhi, where many rulers joined. However, the British eventually suppressed the rebellion by 1858, imprisoning Emperor Bahadur Shah II.
Bjmc i,jmc, unit-i, Indian national movementRai University
The document provides background information on the Indian National Movement and the Indian (John Company's) Army. It discusses how the British East India Company raised and maintained large armies in India for over 150 years, composed mainly of Indian sepoys but led by British officers. Tensions grew between the sepoys and British due to issues like the introduction of new gun cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, which violated Hindu and Muslim beliefs. This triggered the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule, starting with sepoy mutinies in Meerut and the rebellion's spread to Delhi under the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II. Ultimately the British were able to suppress the rebellion through military force and took direct control
When People Rebel Powerpnt Presentation.pptxSaatvik5
The document discusses the impact of British rule in India beginning in the mid-18th century. It summarizes that the British gradually eroded the power of Nawabs, rajas, and the Mughal dynasty. They reduced the authority of Indian rulers and took over revenues and territories. The policies of the British East India Company angered many groups in India, including peasants, soldiers, and religious communities. In 1857, this anger erupted in the Sepoy Mutiny, a widespread rebellion that threatened British rule across large parts of India. It took the British until 1859 to suppress the rebellion and regain control.
The document discusses the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as the First War of Indian Independence. It provides background on earlier rebellions and uprisings. The Revolt of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian sepoys in the East India Company's army but eventually garnered mass participation. Political, social, religious, economic and military grievances all contributed to causes of the revolt. Key events included the capture and brief occupation of Delhi by rebel sepoys, and centers of revolt in Kanpur, Lucknow, and Jhansi led by Nana Saheb, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Laxmi Bai respectively. The revolt was suppressed by the British with
The document summarizes the impact of British rule in India in the mid-19th century, including the loss of power and authority experienced by Indian kings and rulers. It describes how various groups like peasants, sepoys, and religious communities grew unhappy with British policies. This led to a major rebellion in 1857 starting in Meerut, and spreading across northern and central India. Though the British eventually suppressed the rebellion by 1859, it changed their approach to ruling India going forward.
The revolt of 1857 was an unsuccessful uprising against British rule in India that began in Meerut on May 10, 1857 by Indian soldiers. It lasted for around a year and resulted in the end of the East India Company's rule in India, with control being transferred to the British Crown. Some of the key leaders of the revolt included Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and Bahadur Shah II in Delhi. However, the revolt lacked strong centralized leadership and was eventually suppressed by the British military, who regained control of India.
War of Independence 1857 (Indian Revolt 1857)Haroon Khaliq
It is a power point work on the Indian mutiny of 1857 or the Indian attempt to gain self rule against British. If you do not get the concept from this work you can watch the video at last.
Revolt of 1857
Reading Time: 10 Minutes
In the History of India, the year 1857 Has great importance. During this year, there occurred a major revolt in India, which shook the very foundations of British rule in India. The English had almost completed their conquests in India by 1856. They could not carry on their rule peacefully. These revolts broke out due to the dissatisfaction amongst the people against the government of the Company and its misrule.
The Revolt of 1857
Date- 10 May 1857 – 1 November 1858
(1 year and 6 months)
Location -India (Uttar Pradesh)
Result -British victory
1. Suppression of revolt
2. Formal end of the Mughal Empire
3. End of Company rule in India
4. Transfer of rule to the British Crown
The 1857 War of Independence was sparked by many political, religious, social, and economic factors that increased resentment toward British rule in India. Politically, the British extended their control of land and replaced Persian with English as the official language. Religiously and socially, the British disrespected Indian culture and sent Christian monks to spread their religion. Economically, the British imposed heavy taxes, filled markets with cheap goods, and many Indians became impoverished. Militarily, high-ranking positions were closed to Indians. The war began when sepoys mutinied over new gun cartridges but later expanded, with Delhi and other cities captured. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of unity among differing Indian groups
1) The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major but ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British rule in India. It began as a mutiny of sepoys in the town of Meerut and then erupted into broader rebellions across northern and central India.
2) The rebellion was caused by growing resentment among Indians towards British policies of annexation, economic exploitation, social and religious interference, and racial discrimination and unequal treatment of Indian soldiers. The introduction of new gun cartridges also sparked religious tensions.
3) Key leaders of the rebellion included Mangal Pandey, the Rani of Jhansi, Nana Sahib, Tantya Tope, and the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule. The rebellion was caused by political, economic, religious and military grievances against the British East India Company's rule. Key events included the disputed greased cartridges that sparked the rebellion in Meerut, the capture of Delhi under the Mughal emperor, uprisings in Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi and other regions, and resistance led by figures like Rani Laxmi Bai. Ultimately, the rebellion failed due to a lack of unity and leadership, shortage of resources, and superior British military capabilities and technology.
- In 1857, sepoys in the British East India Company's army mutinied in Meerut over new equipment and punishments. They freed imprisoned sepoys and declared war on the British.
- The sepoys traveled to Delhi and convinced the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to support their rebellion. Many rulers and peasants then rose up against British rule across northern India.
- The rebellion spread rapidly as many resented British interference and taxation. However, the British eventually regained control by 1859 through military victories and policies to win back Indian loyalty. The East India Company's power was transferred to the British Crown.
The document discusses the history and development of number systems. It describes how ancient cultures like the Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Indians all developed early number systems to suit their needs. The most commonly used system today, the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, can be traced back to developments in India in the 5th century where place-value notation and the concept of zero were introduced. This system was then adopted and modified by Arabs and Europeans.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an influential Indian scholar and reformer born in 1774 who played a major role in modernizing India and abolishing practices like sati. He founded the Brahmo Samaj, one of the first Indian socio-religious reform movements, and advocated for women's rights, education reform, and freedom of the press. Roy visited England and France in the 1830s as an ambassador of the Mughal emperor, but fell ill and died in Bristol, England in 1833 at the age of 59.
The document discusses different types of ants. It describes the basic ant anatomy including their three body parts - head, thorax, and abdomen. It then discusses three main types of ants - queens, workers, and males. Queens lay eggs while workers perform all other tasks. The document also describes common ant species found in homes and yards, such as field ants, pavement ants, carpenter ants, and odorous house ants. It explains how ants communicate using antennae and pheromones and provides an overview of the ant lifecycle from egg to adult.
India has over 1 million schools that educate over 200 million students from grades 1 through 12. There are three main types of schools that international students attend: international schools, residential schools, and day schools. International schools have the largest campuses and offer IB or IGCSE programs. Residential schools are mid-sized and usually offer ICSE/CBSE programs, while day schools are the smallest and most popular among Indian parents. Rural education in India faces issues like lack of funding and infrastructure like drinking water and toilets in many government schools. Literacy rates have improved but are still only around 74% nationally.
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This document provides information about nuclear power plants in India. It discusses that India currently has 20 nuclear reactors operating across 6 nuclear power plants, generating 4,780 MW of electricity. It then lists the nuclear power plants in India and their locations and capacities. The document also summarizes some nuclear accidents that have occurred at Indian nuclear plants, including leaks of radioactive material at plants in Kalpakkam, Tarapur, and Kota that led to shutdowns for repairs. Overall, the document outlines India's current status and history of nuclear power generation and some safety issues that have occurred at its nuclear power facilities.
The document provides suggestions for improving studying techniques. It recommends finding a quiet place to study with good lighting and few distractions. Students should space out their studying over several days rather than cramming at the last minute, and should review materials regularly to aid long-term memory retention. Testing oneself on materials or having others test you can help identify weak areas requiring more focus.
this is a ppt especially for class 9 students.this contains details about drainage system in india and also about-ganga,indus,brahmaputra river systems
Satyajit Ray was an influential Indian filmmaker who directed over 30 films in his career. He is considered one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema. Ray was born in Calcutta to a family prominent in arts and literature. His first film Pather Panchali (1955) was critically acclaimed and won numerous international awards. Along with Aparajito (1956) and Apur Sansar (1959), they form The Apu Trilogy. Ray received many major awards over his career, including 32 Indian National Film Awards and an Honorary Academy Award in 1991. He was a prolific writer and illustrator as well, creating popular characters like Feluda and Professor Shonku.
2. Indian Rebellion of 1857
A 1912 map of 'Northern India
The Revolt of 1857-59' showing
the centres of rebellion
including the principal ones:
Meerut, Delhi, Cawnpore
(Kanpur), Lucknow, Jhansi, and
Gwalior.
Date 10 May 1857 - 1859
Location India (cf. 1857)
Result
Rebellion Suppressed,
Final collapse of the Mughal Empire;
end of Company rule in India
Control taken by the British Crown
Territorial
changes
British Indian Empire created out of
former-East India Company territory,
some land returned to native rulers,
other land confiscated by the Crown.
3. The Revolt of 1857
We could subdue the mutiny of 1857,
formidable as it was, because it spread
through only a part of the army, because
people did not actively sympathize with it,
and because it was possible to find native
Indian races who would fight on our side.
But the moment a mutiny is but
threatened, which shall be no mere
mutiny, but the expression of a universal
feeling of nationality, at that moment all
hope is at an end, as all desire should be at
an end, of our preserving our Empire -- Sir
John Seeley (quoted byTarling)
4. India's First War of
Independence
India's First War of Independence, termed
Sepoy Riots by the British was an attempt to
unite India against the invading British and to
restore power to the Mogul emperor Bahadur
Shah.The resistance disintegrated primarily due
to lack of leadership and unity on the part of
Indians, as also to cruel suppression by the
British Army. It was a remarkable event in Indian
history and marked the end of the Mughal
empire and sealed India's fate as a British colony
for the next 100 years.
5. Causes for the Revolt
There were many causes that ultimately lead
to this revolt. For the sake of convenience
they can divided into the following
categories.
1.Social and Religious Causes
2.Political Causes
3.Military Causes
6. A. Change in pattern of trade and commerce
During the first two hundred years of its rule , the British East India Company
confined its activities to trade and commerce. But in the 18th century the pattern of
trade underwent a drastic change.With the onset of the the industrial revolution in
England, many new industries came up and the dependance on Indian textiles came
to an end. India became a raw material producing country and raw material which
was purchased from India at very low costs was processed into finished goods in the
factories in England and then exported back to India. British traders made enormous
profits in this two way trade.
C. Disgruntled Zamindars andTaluqdars
The estates of many landlords were taken over by the East India Company when the
native provinces came under the company's dominion.The estates of 21,000
Taluqdars were confiscated when Oudh was annexed.The dispossesed landlords
found themselves without a source on income, ashamed to beg,unable to work and
thus condemned to penury.
B. Ruination of Artisans and Craftsmen
D. Disbanded soldiers were seething with anger and were determined to revenge.
7. E. Activities Of Missionaries
The Indians had a lurking suspicion in their minds that they
would be converted to Christianity under the new regime.
Churches and chaplains were established at Govt. expenses
, even civil and military officers propogated the Christian
gospel.
F. New Laws
The introduction of certain laws unsettled the mind of the
Indians. Some of them were :
Sati Ban Act
Widow Remarriage Act
They even looked upon the reforming zeal of British officials with
suspicion. They were against introduction of railways as all the
castes would have to travel in the same compartment. They
were shocked when a law was passed allowing Hindu converts to
Christianity to inherit their ancestral property.
8. A. Lord Dalhousies Policy Of Annexation (Doctrine of Lapse)
According to this policy the rulers of native princes could not install
their adopted son on the throne.This was opposed to Nana Sahib -
the adopted son of PeshwaBajiRao II as he was refused the pension
his father had been getting. Rani LaxmiBai was also not allowed to
install her adopted son on the throne.The house of the Mughals
was humbled when it was announced that the successors of
Bahadur Shah Zafar would not be allowed to use the title of King
and would not be allowed to use the Historc Red Fort as thier
palace and had to move to a place near the QutbMinar.
C. Exposure of myth of British Invincibilty
The British had suffered very heavy losses in the 1st Afghan War , the rebellion of
the Santhal tribes of Bihar and Orissa and the CrimeanWar. Moreover the people
believed that the British rule had started after the battle of Plassey in 1757 and
would end after the completion of a century
B. British disregard of treaties and pledges
9. D. Enfield Rifles
This was perhaps the immediate cause of the revolt. The British
introduced new rifles which had cartridges greased with the fat of
cows and pigs.The cover had to be plucked out by the teet before
using.The Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused tot ouch these
cartridges.
A. Ill-Treatment of Indian Soldiers inThe East India Company
B. Deprivation of foreign service allowance (Bhatta)
C. General Services Enlistment Act
According to this act the Indian soldiers in the EI Company had the
obligation to serve wherever required.The extension of British frontiers
involved their presence in strange, different lands.They dreaded sea voyage
and considered it against their customs
10. Events Of The Revolt
Feb 1857
Feb 19, 1857 - Chupatties, little cakes which are the common food of the people, were sent from
town to town as a signal of revolt , and on February 19,1857, the first troops mutinied. This was
only the beginning; the message of the chupatties spread further and further, but ...General
Hearsey, the commander of the Bengal division, instantly took what steps he could to prove to
the sepoys that the government had no intention of making them break their caste, but it was
too late. Chupatties, little cakes which are the common food of the people, were sent from town
to town as a signal of revolt , and on February 19,1857, the first troops mutinied. This was only
the beginning; the message of the chupatties spread further and further, but even now the ...
Mar 1857
Mar 29, 1857 -The revolt was sparked off on March 29, 1857. • MangalPandey, a Brahmin Sepoy
, fired at the AdjucantSurgeant Bath. •The 3rd cavalry regiment at Meerut refused to touch the
greased cartridges and broke out in open rebellion.
Apr 1857
Apr 5, 1857 - After the death of MangalPandey on April 5, 1857, the revolt spread all over the
nation. During the days of the revolt, Kunwar was already 80 years of age. But deep within, he
was as energetic as a lion.The thirst for liberation of the country seemed to ...After the death of
Mangal Pandey on April 5, 1857, the revolt spread all over the nation. During the days of the
revolt, Kunwar was already 80 years of age. But deep within, he was as energetic as a lion.The
thirst for liberation of the country seemed to rejuvenate his ageing. body. Under his
instructions, there was revolt in the cantonment of Danapur. He urged a gang of rebels to attack
Agra and in no time, he looted the treasury and established kingship over the Agra ...
11. May 1857
May 1857 - Fixed date for revolt May 1857. 13. Bahadur Shah (the Mughal emperor) was exiled to
Rangoon and died there Prince Feroz Shah excaped in the Jungles of Sironj. 14 . Lord Canning was the
Governor General of India at the time of Mutiny.
Jun 1857
Jun 1857 - 71. 1857. Cawnpore, India.This place garrisoned by native troops who broke into revolt
June, 1857. An adopted son of Nana Sahib, a leader of the revolt, offered to assist the English, but
treacherously turned against them, and notwithstanding a treaty that ...71. 1857. Cawnpore, India.
This place garrisoned by native troops who broke into revolt June, 1857. An adopted son of Nana
Sahib, a leader of the revolt, offered to assist the English, but treacherously turned against them, and
notwithstanding a treaty that Europeans should be sent down the Ganges in safety on surrender of
their treasury and war material, massacred great numbers, without regard to age or sex.
Jul 1857
Jul 1857 - Fig. 7.The Angel of Resurrection statue stands in the middle of the memorial well monument
in Kanpur and commemorates those who were killed in the Sepoyrevolt in July 1857. being erected by
the Government. We passed the earthworks thrown up by Havelock when ...Fig. 7.The Angel of
Resurrection statue stands in the middle of the memorial well monument in Kanpur and
commemorates those who were killed in the Sepoy revolt in July 1857. being erected by the
Government. We passed the earthworks thrown up by Havelock when he retook the city, and in which
he was for a time besieged. Then we returned to the eating house, had our dinner, and drove to the
old intrenchment of General Wheeler where the church is being built.The ceremony was ...
12. Aug 1857
Aug 9, 1857 -When Sir Hope Grant, on whose personal staff atAldershot I had the honour of serving for two and a
half years, allowed me to read the private journals which he had kept during the Indian Revolt of 1857-8-9, I felt at
once that others besides myself would ...When Sir Hope Grant, on whose personal staff at Aldershot I had the honour
of serving for two and a half years, allowed me to read the private journals which he had kept during the Indian
Revolt of 1857-8-9, I felt at once that others besides myself would gladly peruse a narrative of which so much was
new, so much interesting, and wherein all was derived from a source indisputably authentic.The military literature
relating to this period is, on the whole, scanty in quantity ...
Sep 1857
Sep 1857 - General Jorge Cordova succeeded him, but had not been long in office when a new revolt in September
1857, originating with the garrison of Oruro, spread over the land, and compelled him to quit the country. His place
was taken by Dr Jos6 Maria Linares, the ...General Jorge Cordova succeeded him, but had not been long in office
when a new revolt in September 1857, originating with the garrison of Oruro, spread over the land, and compelled
him to quit the country. His place was taken by Dr Jos6 Maria Linares, the originator of the revolution, who, taking
into his own hands all the powers of government, and acting with the greatest severity, caused himself to be
proclaimed dictator in March 185S.
Oct 1857
Oct 7, 1857 -TWO SERMONS, preached on the Day of Humiliation on account of the INDIAN REVOLT,Wednesday,
October 7, 1857, in the Parish Church ofTaunton Saint Mart Magdalene ; by Robert ErnestWallis, Curate. Published
by request.
Dec 1857
Dec 17, 1857 -TheWar of Reform broke out on December 17, 1857, with none other at the head of the revolt than
President Comonfort himself.The conservatives, under the leadership of Don FelixZuloaga, had won over the chief
executive by the notorious plan ofTacubaya...TheWar of Reform broke out on December 17, 1857, with none other
at the head of the revolt than President Comonfort himself.The conservatives, under the leadership of Don Felix
Zuloaga, had won over the chief executive by the notorious plan ofTacubaya, which called for a restoration of Church
prerogatives, and the maintenance of Comonfort in power. Comonfort's treason, together with the wealth that
backed the coup ofTacubaya and the careful propaganda that had preceded ...
13. Events Of The Revolt Violence
The violence started on May 10, 1857 in Meerut, when Pandey, a
soldier in the Army shot his commander for forcing the Indian troops
to use the controversial rifles. Indians constituted 96% of the
300,000 BritishArmy and the violence against British quickly spread
(Hence the name Sepoy Mutiny).The local chiefs encouraged
scattered revolts in hopes of regaining their lost privileges.
Siege of Delhi
Bahadur Shah II, pensioned descendant of the Mugal dynasty, was
popularly acclaimed emperor. On June 8 a British relief force
defeated an army of mutineers at Badli Sari and took up a position
on the famous ridge, overlooking the city of Delhi. Nominally the
besieging force, they were themselves besieged by the mutineers,
who made a daring attempt to intercept their train.The arrival of
more British reinforcements finally led to the defeat of the mutineers
by John Nicholson, commander of the relief force. After six days of
street fighting, Delhi was recaptured.This action was the turning
point in the campaign and is known as Siege of Delhi. Bahadur Shah
was captured and was exiled to Burma.
MangalPandey
Baha Bahadur
Shah II
14. British Take Control
In spite of the loyalty of the Sikh troops, conquered only eight years before, and of
the Gurkhas, the British commander, Sir Colin Campbell, had a difficult task. In
addition to quelling the disturbance, he also had to protect the GangesValley and all
of Hindustan against possible attacks from central India, to the south. Forces were
dispatched from Madras and Bombay. However, the revolt had quickly spread to
Kanpur and Lucknow. Kanpur, on the Ganges 250 miles southeast of Delhi,
surrendered to the mutineers on June 28, 1857, and was the scene of a massacre
before it was recaptured by the British on July 16. Lucknow, 45 miles to the
northeast, had been immediately besieged by the mutineers and was relieved by
Henry Havelock's troops on September 25, five days after the final reoccupation of
Delhi, the other chief center of the mutiny. However, Havelock's forces, even when
joined by those of James Outram, were not strong enough to disarm and remove the
enemy garrison, and they had to be relieved on November 16 by troops under Colin
Campbell.The civilians of Lucknow were evacuated, but not until the siege of Mar. 9-
16, 1858, had enough British troops massed to defeat the rebel army.
The final stage of the mutiny took place in central India, which was aroused by a
roving band of rebels under the Maratha GeneralTatyaTope. After his capture and
execution in April 1859, the leaderless mutineers were soon pacified.
15. Why It Failed?
* Native Indian states, influenced by the
example of powerful Hyderabad, did not join
the rebels
* Sikh soldiers of the Punjab area remained
loyal to the British throughout.The Sikhs
were a strong, well trained army, who the
British had conquered using Indian soldiers.
*The aging Bahadur Shah was neither a
brave general, nor an astute leader of the
people
16. Epilogue
In England, the mutiny proved the last straw on the heavy
load of criticism and opposition which the East India
Company had carried for some time. In August 1858, by the
Act for the Better Government of India, its political
authority was entrusted to a secretary of state. In August
1858 the British crown assumed control of India from the
East India Company and in 1877 QueenVictoria was
crowned empress of India.The mutiny played a pivotal role
in Anglo-Indian history.The British afterward became
cautious and defensive about their empire, while many
Indians remained bitter and would never trust their rulers
again. It was not until the emergence of Indian National
Congress and Mahatma Gandhi that Indians re-gathered
their momentum for home rule
17. Gallery
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, one
of the principal leaders of the
Great Uprising of 1857, who
earlier had lost her kingdom as
a result of Lord Dalhousie's
Doctrine of Lapse
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founder of the
Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental
College, later the Aligarh Muslim
University, wrote one of the early
critiques, The Causes of the Indian
Mutiny, in 1859.
19. Bahadur Shah Zafar the last Mughal Emperor, crowned
Emperor of India, by the Indian troops, he was deposed by
the British, and died in exile in Burma
20. Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General
of India from 1848 to 1856, who
devised the Doctrine of Lapse.