QR codes is simple and efficient tool used in smartphones to obtain accurate indoor user location. As an increasing number of geo-location services are exploiting the capabilities of smartphones, most of which incorporate GPS location. The smartphones compasses to direct the user to the destination. With the help of accelerometers, it will be possible to estimate the walking distances as an auxiliary information. An, idea in order to calculate the user position inside a building by using QR codes and Google maps. Navigation is the process or activity of accurately ascertaining one’s position, planning and following the route to goal location. Mobile phones are devices merely used to communicate. Based on new techniques like GPS and sensors, compass and accelerometers that can determine the orientation of devices, location based applications coupled with augmented reality views are possible.
The document discusses Project LUCID at Birmingham City University, which explores applications of location-aware, user-aware, and context-aware technologies. It outlines enabling technologies like RFID, smartcards, and NFC. It also discusses how the project fits the university's research strategy and could support regional development through novel applications and content delivery. The project aims to develop proof-of-concept solutions to evaluate technical capabilities and user benefits.
IRJET- A System for Indoor Navigation: GuideIt - Personal AssistantIRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed Android application called GuideIt that aims to provide indoor navigation assistance using step counting and augmented reality. The application would use sensors like the accelerometer and GPS on a smartphone, along with image recognition, to guide users inside complex indoor environments like malls, universities, and hospitals. It discusses related indoor navigation technologies and the limitations of GPS for indoor use. The proposed application seeks to offer a low-cost indoor navigation solution by counting a user's steps based on a path recorded previously by an administrator and providing turn-by-turn voice directions.
IRJET- Pocket Mall Navigator: Bridging Digital and Traditional Shopping Exper...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a mobile shopping mall navigation system called Pocket Mall Navigator. It aims to provide an interactive experience to help visitors easily find shops in malls. Currently, most mall directories are static and lack interactivity. The proposed system would utilize smartphones and mall Wi-Fi to create a mobile app that provides real-time navigation assistance. It would allow users to search for shops, see their locations on a map, and change plans easily. The system architecture involves users scanning product QR codes to view details and add items to a digital cart for payment. Evaluations show such a system could improve the shopping experience over traditional directories.
A STUDY ON LOCATION-AWARE AND SAFER CARDS: ENHANCING RFID SECURITY AND PRIVAC...pharmaindexing
This document summarizes a research paper on enhancing RFID security and privacy through location sensing. It discusses how location awareness can be used by RFID tags and backend servers to defend against unauthorized reading and relay attacks. On tags, a location-aware selective unlocking mechanism is designed to allow tags to selectively respond based on location rather than always responding. On servers, a location-aware secure transaction verification scheme is proposed to allow servers to approve or deny transactions based on comparing the reported locations of the tag and reader. The goal is to detect relay attacks involving malicious readers. Unlike prior work, the defenses do not rely on auxiliary devices and require no explicit user involvement.
Cracking the Code: How To Think About QRLeo Burnett
QR codes were created in 1994 as a two-dimensional barcode that can be scanned by smartphones to retrieve text, URLs, or other data. While initially used for inventory tracking, QR codes saw early adoption in Asia and Europe as a way to access web content or information without typing on phones lacking full keyboards. Over time, proprietary codes also emerged that store data in the cloud rather than within the code itself. When considering using QR or other two-dimensional codes, marketers should evaluate whether the codes simplify or complicate the user experience and whether the intended audience is likely able and willing to use them. Emerging technologies like near-field communication may one day make codes like QR obsolete as ways to easily share contact and web information with
IRJET- QR Code Techniques for Smart Shopping: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for smart shopping using QR codes. It provides an overview of how QR codes can be generated and embedded with product information like name, number, location, and details. By scanning these QR codes using a smartphone camera and app, users can get product information on their phone. The document then reviews different techniques used for QR code generation and recognition, including REST protocols, multiplexing/demultiplexing algorithms, and QR filtering methods. It discusses how these techniques can enable features like adding items to a shopping cart, checking product offers, and digital payment. The techniques aim to make the shopping experience more convenient and efficient compared to traditional physical shopping.
SBVLC: Secure Barcode-based Visible Light Communication for Smart phonesKamal Spring
As an alternative to NFC technology, 2D barcodes have been increasingly used for security-sensitive applications including payments and personal identification. However, the security of barcode-based communication in mobile applications has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we propose SBVLC - a secure system for barcode-based visible light communication (VLC) between smart phones. We formally analyze the security of SBVLC based on geometric models and propose physical security enhancement mechanisms for barcode communication by manipulating screen view angles and leveraging user-induced motions. We then develop two secure data exchange schemes. These schemes are useful in many security-sensitive mobile applications including private information sharing, secure device pairing, and mobile payment. SBVLC is evaluated through extensive experiments on both Android and I OS smart phones.
In our application we have implemented the idea of QR code as password verification to overcome all the hacking issues. We have two modules as banker and the user. In the user module there will be two categories they are shopping and paying bill. In the shopping section user will shop the product and enter the card and bank details and send request to the banker regarding the transaction purpose. And in turn the banker module there are two categories they are the create OTP and the send OTP details. The banker will check the details of the user request regarding the purchase and all the card and balance details and prepare a password in the form of QR code. The password will be I the form of QR code and will be sent to the user through the mail service to the user personal mail id. In turn the user will pay the bill by loading the QR from the mail and scanning. On scanning the password will generate if the password matches with the banker details the transaction will become successful. Thus password hacking, key logging and eavesdropping issues will be overcome.
Sbvlc secure barcode based visible light communication for smartphonesLeMeniz Infotech
Sbvlc secure barcode based visible light communication for smartphones
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Web : http://www.lemenizinfotech.com
Web : http://www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Blog : http://ieeeprojectspondicherry.weebly.com
Blog : http://www.ieeeprojectsinpondicherry.blogspot.in/
Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eesBNUnKvws
The document discusses Project LUCID at Birmingham City University, which explores applications of location-aware, user-aware, and context-aware technologies. It outlines enabling technologies like RFID, smartcards, and NFC. It also discusses how the project fits the university's research strategy and could support regional development through novel applications and content delivery. The project aims to develop proof-of-concept solutions to evaluate technical capabilities and user benefits.
IRJET- A System for Indoor Navigation: GuideIt - Personal AssistantIRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed Android application called GuideIt that aims to provide indoor navigation assistance using step counting and augmented reality. The application would use sensors like the accelerometer and GPS on a smartphone, along with image recognition, to guide users inside complex indoor environments like malls, universities, and hospitals. It discusses related indoor navigation technologies and the limitations of GPS for indoor use. The proposed application seeks to offer a low-cost indoor navigation solution by counting a user's steps based on a path recorded previously by an administrator and providing turn-by-turn voice directions.
IRJET- Pocket Mall Navigator: Bridging Digital and Traditional Shopping Exper...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a mobile shopping mall navigation system called Pocket Mall Navigator. It aims to provide an interactive experience to help visitors easily find shops in malls. Currently, most mall directories are static and lack interactivity. The proposed system would utilize smartphones and mall Wi-Fi to create a mobile app that provides real-time navigation assistance. It would allow users to search for shops, see their locations on a map, and change plans easily. The system architecture involves users scanning product QR codes to view details and add items to a digital cart for payment. Evaluations show such a system could improve the shopping experience over traditional directories.
A STUDY ON LOCATION-AWARE AND SAFER CARDS: ENHANCING RFID SECURITY AND PRIVAC...pharmaindexing
This document summarizes a research paper on enhancing RFID security and privacy through location sensing. It discusses how location awareness can be used by RFID tags and backend servers to defend against unauthorized reading and relay attacks. On tags, a location-aware selective unlocking mechanism is designed to allow tags to selectively respond based on location rather than always responding. On servers, a location-aware secure transaction verification scheme is proposed to allow servers to approve or deny transactions based on comparing the reported locations of the tag and reader. The goal is to detect relay attacks involving malicious readers. Unlike prior work, the defenses do not rely on auxiliary devices and require no explicit user involvement.
Cracking the Code: How To Think About QRLeo Burnett
QR codes were created in 1994 as a two-dimensional barcode that can be scanned by smartphones to retrieve text, URLs, or other data. While initially used for inventory tracking, QR codes saw early adoption in Asia and Europe as a way to access web content or information without typing on phones lacking full keyboards. Over time, proprietary codes also emerged that store data in the cloud rather than within the code itself. When considering using QR or other two-dimensional codes, marketers should evaluate whether the codes simplify or complicate the user experience and whether the intended audience is likely able and willing to use them. Emerging technologies like near-field communication may one day make codes like QR obsolete as ways to easily share contact and web information with
IRJET- QR Code Techniques for Smart Shopping: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for smart shopping using QR codes. It provides an overview of how QR codes can be generated and embedded with product information like name, number, location, and details. By scanning these QR codes using a smartphone camera and app, users can get product information on their phone. The document then reviews different techniques used for QR code generation and recognition, including REST protocols, multiplexing/demultiplexing algorithms, and QR filtering methods. It discusses how these techniques can enable features like adding items to a shopping cart, checking product offers, and digital payment. The techniques aim to make the shopping experience more convenient and efficient compared to traditional physical shopping.
SBVLC: Secure Barcode-based Visible Light Communication for Smart phonesKamal Spring
As an alternative to NFC technology, 2D barcodes have been increasingly used for security-sensitive applications including payments and personal identification. However, the security of barcode-based communication in mobile applications has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we propose SBVLC - a secure system for barcode-based visible light communication (VLC) between smart phones. We formally analyze the security of SBVLC based on geometric models and propose physical security enhancement mechanisms for barcode communication by manipulating screen view angles and leveraging user-induced motions. We then develop two secure data exchange schemes. These schemes are useful in many security-sensitive mobile applications including private information sharing, secure device pairing, and mobile payment. SBVLC is evaluated through extensive experiments on both Android and I OS smart phones.
In our application we have implemented the idea of QR code as password verification to overcome all the hacking issues. We have two modules as banker and the user. In the user module there will be two categories they are shopping and paying bill. In the shopping section user will shop the product and enter the card and bank details and send request to the banker regarding the transaction purpose. And in turn the banker module there are two categories they are the create OTP and the send OTP details. The banker will check the details of the user request regarding the purchase and all the card and balance details and prepare a password in the form of QR code. The password will be I the form of QR code and will be sent to the user through the mail service to the user personal mail id. In turn the user will pay the bill by loading the QR from the mail and scanning. On scanning the password will generate if the password matches with the banker details the transaction will become successful. Thus password hacking, key logging and eavesdropping issues will be overcome.
Sbvlc secure barcode based visible light communication for smartphonesLeMeniz Infotech
Sbvlc secure barcode based visible light communication for smartphones
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Web : http://www.lemenizinfotech.com
Web : http://www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Blog : http://ieeeprojectspondicherry.weebly.com
Blog : http://www.ieeeprojectsinpondicherry.blogspot.in/
Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eesBNUnKvws
Sbvlc secure barcode based visible light communication for smartphonesLeMeniz Infotech
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes SBVLC, a secure system for barcode-based visible light communication between smartphones. It analyzes the security of transmitting barcode streams between device screens and cameras. Three secure data exchange schemes are developed to encode information in barcode streams. The system achieves high security and throughput comparable to NFC. It can enable private information sharing, secure device pairing and contactless payments. Rigorous geometric models were used to examine the system's security, making it the first work to formally study security of VLC and barcode communication between smartphones.
SBVLC: Secure Barcode-based Visible Light Communication for Smart phonesKamal Spring
As an alternative to NFC technology, 2D barcodes have been increasingly used for security-sensitive applications including payments and personal identification. However, the security of barcode-based communication in mobile applications has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we propose SBVLC - a secure system for barcode-based visible light communication (VLC) between smart phones. We formally analyze the security of SBVLC based on geometric models and propose physical security enhancement mechanisms for barcode communication by manipulating screen view angles and leveraging user-induced motions. We then develop two secure data exchange schemes. These schemes are useful in many security-sensitive mobile applications including private information sharing, secure device pairing, and mobile payment. SBVLC is evaluated through extensive experiments on both Android and I OS smart phones.
In our application we have implemented the idea of QR code as password verification to overcome all the hacking issues. We have two modules as banker and the user. In the user module there will be two categories they are shopping and paying bill. In the shopping section user will shop the product and enter the card and bank details and send request to the banker regarding the transaction purpose. And in turn the banker module there are two categories they are the create OTP and the send OTP details. The banker will check the details of the user request regarding the purchase and all the card and balance details and prepare a password in the form of QR code. The password will be I the form of QR code and will be sent to the user through the mail service to the user personal mail id. In turn the user will pay the bill by loading the QR from the mail and scanning. On scanning the password will generate if the password matches with the banker details the transaction will become successful. Thus password hacking, key logging and eavesdropping issues will be overcome.
This document discusses how QR (Quick Response) codes can be used by academic libraries to reach mobile users and enhance library services. It provides an overview of a case study of the PUMBA Library at the University of Pune, which implemented QR codes to provide mobile access to online journals, a university song video, and other resources. The document also defines what a QR code is, the different types of information they can contain, examples of their use, and how QR codes can help increase the physical use of libraries and engage users on mobile devices.
Product Recognition using Label and BarcodesIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed system to help blind individuals identify products using label text recognition and barcode scanning. The system uses a camera to capture images of product labels and barcodes. It then applies computer vision and image processing techniques like MSER, Canny edge detection, and OCR to the images to extract the label text or recognize the barcode. For labels, the text is converted to speech using a microcontroller and audio output. For barcodes, the number is searched in a database to find matching product details, which are then announced. The goal is to help blind people independently identify common consumer products through automated reading of printed text and barcodes on the items.
The document discusses using NFC, RFID Arduino, and iBeacons technologies to automate the development of indoor monitoring applications. It developed an automatic attendance system using NFC that records attendance data on a website. While NFC was used, its limitations led to exploring iBeacons and RFID Arduino as alternative technologies. iBeacons showed potential to replace NFC for indoor location monitoring. The project evaluated different technologies but did not fully automate indoor location tracking due to issues with the NFC reader. Future work would focus on using iBeacons for attendance and indoor location applications.
Modernization of railways has forever been an issue focused on the development of the fundamental infrastructure of a nation. Since the railways represent one of the most effective modes of transport offered to the people, It is important to keep a check on the security issues that are arising in today’s world. According to the need there must be an up gradation in systems we use. One such up gradation is that the role of Artificial Intelligence and e ticketing that is achieved with the assistance of face recognition technology. This technology has been extensively employed as a biometric method and hence can be used for passenger verification. Leman Kirme | Vivek Jha | Punit Chauhan | Soumya Ranjan Mohanty | Rahul Ghode "Smart Verification of Passenger using AI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38002.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/38002/smart-verification-of-passenger-using-ai/leman-kirme
This document describes a student project to develop a prototype file transfer application called Chuck that uses QR codes. The project aims to address the need for easy file transfers between multiple devices. The document outlines the design and development process, including interaction design, technical design of the transmission schema and application, prototype assessment through user testing, iteration of the prototype based on feedback, and evaluation of the effectiveness and future work. Key aspects of the project include creating mockups, building an Android prototype, evaluating it with participants, and improving the prototype based on results.
This document discusses QR codes and 2D barcodes. It begins with an introduction comparing 1D and 2D barcodes, specifically looking at their information density and capacity. It then focuses on QR codes, providing details on their data capacity compared to other 2D codes, as well as their features. The document outlines the steps to implement QR codes for mobile use, including installing barcode readers on phones and generating codes. It provides examples of QR code implementation and applications. Finally, it discusses trends in 2D barcode use.
IRJET- Automated Face Detection and Recognition for Detecting Impersonation o...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an automated system using RFID and face recognition to help students easily find their exam halls and seats and prevent impersonation. The system works by having students swipe their RFID cards at a reader, which will display their exam hall and seat number on an LCD screen. It also uses a camera and face recognition on an Arduino board to match students' faces to images in a database, marking them present if matched and triggering an alarm if not matched to prevent impersonation. The system aims to make the exam seating process more efficient than traditional manual methods and help students locate their exams without issues. It discusses the components, methodology, and concludes the concept could be expanded to integrate additional student data and services.
Secured QR Code Authentication System
Two Way Encryption used to Enhance the security for QR Code. With Banking Application and Shopping Cart
Project by Pankaj Jeswani | Vishal Chhabria | Sagar Chawla
Under the guidance of Naveen Vaswani Sir
The document describes a proposed barcode-based internet café log in and log out request system at Surigao del Sur State University. It discusses how the current manual system requires internet attendant assistance, but the proposed system would allow users to automatically access the internet using a barcoded access card. The document outlines the problem statement, objectives, scope, significance and limitations of the study. It also provides definitions of key terms and reviews related literature on barcode technology applications.
Continuous improvements in technology and quality of life have had a strong impact on the development of payment techniques. With the evolution of near-field communication (NFC) technology, contactless payment has received recent attention because of its short-range, conducive nature. As mobile computing made great leaps due to enormous development in the smart phone platform, companies like Google, Samsung, and Apple embedded NFC in smart phones to provide on-the-go payment capabilities, eliminating the need for payment cards. But due to interoperability and high cost, these technologies are not available to everyone. Dr. B Srinivasa Rao | Ch. Sphoorthi | K. TejaSree | G. Sai Snigdha | V. S R Harika"Pay-Cloak:Biometric" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11430.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/11430/pay-cloakbiometric/dr-b-srinivasa-rao
IRJET- A Survey: Secret Sharing Approach with Cheater Prevention on QR CodeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on a secret sharing approach using QR codes that prevents cheating. It discusses how QR codes can store large amounts of data but lack security. The proposed approach uses the characteristics of QR codes to achieve secret sharing and distribute private data securely among participants using QR tags. Each participant receives a marked QR tag, and the original data can only be retrieved when an authorized number of participants come together. This approach provides security, detectability of cheaters, and adjustable payload for the QR codes.
A Beacon Enabled Smart Library Management Systemijtsrd
Nowadays, Global Positioning Systems GPS receivers are used for outdoor navigation, which are the part of recent smartphones and tablet devices. How ever, GPS is not suitable for indoor navigations due to its signal limitations which are blocked by ceiling and walls. Indoor navigation can be achieved through a mobile phone using a recent technology that utilizes Bluetooth, namely beacons. Beacons are small transmitters, run on Bluetooth Low Energy BLE technology, used as a point of reference for mobile devices and they can detect a Bluetooth enabled device once it enters its transmission range. In this paper, we present Library a beacon assisted indoor navigation technique for smart libraries. The proposed indoor navigation technique can also be used for other applications such as offices, retails, airports, hospitality, and education. For experimentation, beacons are placed in a library and a Bluetooth enabled smart phone is used to install a digital library application App which communicates with the beacons. The result shows that when the smartphone comes in the range of a beacon, it shows the information related to the book on the smart phone screen. Pragati Patil | Prof. Pratibha Adkar "A Beacon Enabled Smart Library Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42530.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/computer-engineering/42530/a-beacon-enabled-smart-library-management-system/pragati-patil
This book provides an overview of RFID and smart technologies for information convergence. It reports on problems related to the primary use of RFID technologies and draws together research across supply chain management, asset tracking, and novel uses of RFID for identification. The book contains chapters on topics such as data modeling, RFID applications in healthcare, emergency management, and assisted living for the elderly.
This document summarizes a research paper on using near field communication (NFC) tags to enable mobile commerce (m-commerce). It discusses how an Android application could read NFC tags on products to add them to a virtual shopping cart. Payment could then be made via the app using existing online payment methods. The document provides background on m-commerce, mobile payments, and how NFC tags work. It also discusses security protocols for NFC-based communications between a user's mobile device and a merchant's terminal for contactless payments. The proposed system aims to make shopping more convenient and efficient for consumers compared to traditional retail models.
Automatic Door Unit Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Based Attendance Sy...Onyebuchi nosiri
This document describes the development of an RFID-based attendance system. The system uses RFID tags embedded in employee ID cards that are read by an RFID reader when employees enter or exit through an automated door. The RFID reader is connected to a computer running time attendance software to record and manage employees' check-ins and check-outs. The system aims to provide a more efficient and accurate alternative to manual attendance tracking methods. RFID technology allows contactless identification of employees and collects attendance data automatically when employees pass through the door.
With the rapid development of
smartphone industry, various positioning-enabled
sensors such as GPS receivers, accelerometers,
gyroscopes, digital compasses, cameras, Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth have been built in smartphones for
communication, entertainment and location-based
services. Smartphone users can get their locations
fixed according to the function of GPS receiver.
Indoor Positioning System using Magnetic Positioning and BLE beaconsIRJET Journal
This document presents an indoor positioning system that uses magnetic positioning and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. It discusses how magnetic positioning works by detecting disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field caused by structural elements in buildings. An Android application is proposed that would collect magnetic fingerprints using the phone's magnetometer and send them to IndoorAtlas' API to determine the user's location. BLE beacons would also be used to improve positioning accuracy. The system does not require dedicated infrastructure. Magnetic positioning coupled with BLE allows for accurate indoor localization without extra hardware costs. It is presented as a potential standard for indoor positioning systems.
IRJET- Campus Navigation System Based on Mobile Augmented RealityIRJET Journal
The document proposes a campus navigation system using mobile augmented reality. The system would allow users unfamiliar with the large campus of Priyadarshini College of Engineering to navigate between locations. It uses an Android application that combines image recognition and GPS to identify buildings and provide navigation instructions. The application scans buildings on campus using the phone's camera, matches them to labeled images in a database, and displays the building name and other details in augmented reality. The system aims to help new students, faculty and visitors easily navigate an unfamiliar campus area through their mobile phone.
IRJET- Pocket Mall Navigator: Bridging Digital and Traditional Shopping E...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a mobile shopping mall navigation system called Pocket Mall Navigator. It aims to provide an interactive experience to help visitors easily find shops in malls. Currently, most mall directories are static and lack interactivity. The proposed system would use smartphones and mall Wi-Fi to create a mobile app that provides real-time navigation assistance. It would allow users to change plans and find alternative shops easily. The system architecture involves indoor positioning technologies like Wi-Fi and QR code scanning to locate users and products. A literature review discusses existing indoor navigation methods. The proposed system would allow users to search for products, view their locations, add items to a digital cart, and make mobile payments.
IRJET- Personal Assistant for Visually Impaired People in MallsIRJET Journal
This document proposes a personal assistant system for visually impaired people navigating indoor areas like malls using WiFi fingerprinting. The system uses existing WiFi access points to locate a user's position by comparing received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values to a database of reference points mapped to specific locations. It determines the shortest route between locations using Dijkstra's algorithm on a graph of reference points. The system was designed to help the large visually impaired population navigate complex indoor areas more easily using a mobile app and WiFi positioning without the need for additional infrastructure deployment. It aims to provide an indoor location system as an alternative to GPS which does not work well inside buildings.
Sbvlc secure barcode based visible light communication for smartphonesLeMeniz Infotech
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes SBVLC, a secure system for barcode-based visible light communication between smartphones. It analyzes the security of transmitting barcode streams between device screens and cameras. Three secure data exchange schemes are developed to encode information in barcode streams. The system achieves high security and throughput comparable to NFC. It can enable private information sharing, secure device pairing and contactless payments. Rigorous geometric models were used to examine the system's security, making it the first work to formally study security of VLC and barcode communication between smartphones.
SBVLC: Secure Barcode-based Visible Light Communication for Smart phonesKamal Spring
As an alternative to NFC technology, 2D barcodes have been increasingly used for security-sensitive applications including payments and personal identification. However, the security of barcode-based communication in mobile applications has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we propose SBVLC - a secure system for barcode-based visible light communication (VLC) between smart phones. We formally analyze the security of SBVLC based on geometric models and propose physical security enhancement mechanisms for barcode communication by manipulating screen view angles and leveraging user-induced motions. We then develop two secure data exchange schemes. These schemes are useful in many security-sensitive mobile applications including private information sharing, secure device pairing, and mobile payment. SBVLC is evaluated through extensive experiments on both Android and I OS smart phones.
In our application we have implemented the idea of QR code as password verification to overcome all the hacking issues. We have two modules as banker and the user. In the user module there will be two categories they are shopping and paying bill. In the shopping section user will shop the product and enter the card and bank details and send request to the banker regarding the transaction purpose. And in turn the banker module there are two categories they are the create OTP and the send OTP details. The banker will check the details of the user request regarding the purchase and all the card and balance details and prepare a password in the form of QR code. The password will be I the form of QR code and will be sent to the user through the mail service to the user personal mail id. In turn the user will pay the bill by loading the QR from the mail and scanning. On scanning the password will generate if the password matches with the banker details the transaction will become successful. Thus password hacking, key logging and eavesdropping issues will be overcome.
This document discusses how QR (Quick Response) codes can be used by academic libraries to reach mobile users and enhance library services. It provides an overview of a case study of the PUMBA Library at the University of Pune, which implemented QR codes to provide mobile access to online journals, a university song video, and other resources. The document also defines what a QR code is, the different types of information they can contain, examples of their use, and how QR codes can help increase the physical use of libraries and engage users on mobile devices.
Product Recognition using Label and BarcodesIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed system to help blind individuals identify products using label text recognition and barcode scanning. The system uses a camera to capture images of product labels and barcodes. It then applies computer vision and image processing techniques like MSER, Canny edge detection, and OCR to the images to extract the label text or recognize the barcode. For labels, the text is converted to speech using a microcontroller and audio output. For barcodes, the number is searched in a database to find matching product details, which are then announced. The goal is to help blind people independently identify common consumer products through automated reading of printed text and barcodes on the items.
The document discusses using NFC, RFID Arduino, and iBeacons technologies to automate the development of indoor monitoring applications. It developed an automatic attendance system using NFC that records attendance data on a website. While NFC was used, its limitations led to exploring iBeacons and RFID Arduino as alternative technologies. iBeacons showed potential to replace NFC for indoor location monitoring. The project evaluated different technologies but did not fully automate indoor location tracking due to issues with the NFC reader. Future work would focus on using iBeacons for attendance and indoor location applications.
Modernization of railways has forever been an issue focused on the development of the fundamental infrastructure of a nation. Since the railways represent one of the most effective modes of transport offered to the people, It is important to keep a check on the security issues that are arising in today’s world. According to the need there must be an up gradation in systems we use. One such up gradation is that the role of Artificial Intelligence and e ticketing that is achieved with the assistance of face recognition technology. This technology has been extensively employed as a biometric method and hence can be used for passenger verification. Leman Kirme | Vivek Jha | Punit Chauhan | Soumya Ranjan Mohanty | Rahul Ghode "Smart Verification of Passenger using AI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38002.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/38002/smart-verification-of-passenger-using-ai/leman-kirme
This document describes a student project to develop a prototype file transfer application called Chuck that uses QR codes. The project aims to address the need for easy file transfers between multiple devices. The document outlines the design and development process, including interaction design, technical design of the transmission schema and application, prototype assessment through user testing, iteration of the prototype based on feedback, and evaluation of the effectiveness and future work. Key aspects of the project include creating mockups, building an Android prototype, evaluating it with participants, and improving the prototype based on results.
This document discusses QR codes and 2D barcodes. It begins with an introduction comparing 1D and 2D barcodes, specifically looking at their information density and capacity. It then focuses on QR codes, providing details on their data capacity compared to other 2D codes, as well as their features. The document outlines the steps to implement QR codes for mobile use, including installing barcode readers on phones and generating codes. It provides examples of QR code implementation and applications. Finally, it discusses trends in 2D barcode use.
IRJET- Automated Face Detection and Recognition for Detecting Impersonation o...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an automated system using RFID and face recognition to help students easily find their exam halls and seats and prevent impersonation. The system works by having students swipe their RFID cards at a reader, which will display their exam hall and seat number on an LCD screen. It also uses a camera and face recognition on an Arduino board to match students' faces to images in a database, marking them present if matched and triggering an alarm if not matched to prevent impersonation. The system aims to make the exam seating process more efficient than traditional manual methods and help students locate their exams without issues. It discusses the components, methodology, and concludes the concept could be expanded to integrate additional student data and services.
Secured QR Code Authentication System
Two Way Encryption used to Enhance the security for QR Code. With Banking Application and Shopping Cart
Project by Pankaj Jeswani | Vishal Chhabria | Sagar Chawla
Under the guidance of Naveen Vaswani Sir
The document describes a proposed barcode-based internet café log in and log out request system at Surigao del Sur State University. It discusses how the current manual system requires internet attendant assistance, but the proposed system would allow users to automatically access the internet using a barcoded access card. The document outlines the problem statement, objectives, scope, significance and limitations of the study. It also provides definitions of key terms and reviews related literature on barcode technology applications.
Continuous improvements in technology and quality of life have had a strong impact on the development of payment techniques. With the evolution of near-field communication (NFC) technology, contactless payment has received recent attention because of its short-range, conducive nature. As mobile computing made great leaps due to enormous development in the smart phone platform, companies like Google, Samsung, and Apple embedded NFC in smart phones to provide on-the-go payment capabilities, eliminating the need for payment cards. But due to interoperability and high cost, these technologies are not available to everyone. Dr. B Srinivasa Rao | Ch. Sphoorthi | K. TejaSree | G. Sai Snigdha | V. S R Harika"Pay-Cloak:Biometric" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11430.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/11430/pay-cloakbiometric/dr-b-srinivasa-rao
IRJET- A Survey: Secret Sharing Approach with Cheater Prevention on QR CodeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on a secret sharing approach using QR codes that prevents cheating. It discusses how QR codes can store large amounts of data but lack security. The proposed approach uses the characteristics of QR codes to achieve secret sharing and distribute private data securely among participants using QR tags. Each participant receives a marked QR tag, and the original data can only be retrieved when an authorized number of participants come together. This approach provides security, detectability of cheaters, and adjustable payload for the QR codes.
A Beacon Enabled Smart Library Management Systemijtsrd
Nowadays, Global Positioning Systems GPS receivers are used for outdoor navigation, which are the part of recent smartphones and tablet devices. How ever, GPS is not suitable for indoor navigations due to its signal limitations which are blocked by ceiling and walls. Indoor navigation can be achieved through a mobile phone using a recent technology that utilizes Bluetooth, namely beacons. Beacons are small transmitters, run on Bluetooth Low Energy BLE technology, used as a point of reference for mobile devices and they can detect a Bluetooth enabled device once it enters its transmission range. In this paper, we present Library a beacon assisted indoor navigation technique for smart libraries. The proposed indoor navigation technique can also be used for other applications such as offices, retails, airports, hospitality, and education. For experimentation, beacons are placed in a library and a Bluetooth enabled smart phone is used to install a digital library application App which communicates with the beacons. The result shows that when the smartphone comes in the range of a beacon, it shows the information related to the book on the smart phone screen. Pragati Patil | Prof. Pratibha Adkar "A Beacon Enabled Smart Library Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42530.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/computer-engineering/42530/a-beacon-enabled-smart-library-management-system/pragati-patil
This book provides an overview of RFID and smart technologies for information convergence. It reports on problems related to the primary use of RFID technologies and draws together research across supply chain management, asset tracking, and novel uses of RFID for identification. The book contains chapters on topics such as data modeling, RFID applications in healthcare, emergency management, and assisted living for the elderly.
This document summarizes a research paper on using near field communication (NFC) tags to enable mobile commerce (m-commerce). It discusses how an Android application could read NFC tags on products to add them to a virtual shopping cart. Payment could then be made via the app using existing online payment methods. The document provides background on m-commerce, mobile payments, and how NFC tags work. It also discusses security protocols for NFC-based communications between a user's mobile device and a merchant's terminal for contactless payments. The proposed system aims to make shopping more convenient and efficient for consumers compared to traditional retail models.
Automatic Door Unit Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Based Attendance Sy...Onyebuchi nosiri
This document describes the development of an RFID-based attendance system. The system uses RFID tags embedded in employee ID cards that are read by an RFID reader when employees enter or exit through an automated door. The RFID reader is connected to a computer running time attendance software to record and manage employees' check-ins and check-outs. The system aims to provide a more efficient and accurate alternative to manual attendance tracking methods. RFID technology allows contactless identification of employees and collects attendance data automatically when employees pass through the door.
With the rapid development of
smartphone industry, various positioning-enabled
sensors such as GPS receivers, accelerometers,
gyroscopes, digital compasses, cameras, Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth have been built in smartphones for
communication, entertainment and location-based
services. Smartphone users can get their locations
fixed according to the function of GPS receiver.
Indoor Positioning System using Magnetic Positioning and BLE beaconsIRJET Journal
This document presents an indoor positioning system that uses magnetic positioning and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. It discusses how magnetic positioning works by detecting disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field caused by structural elements in buildings. An Android application is proposed that would collect magnetic fingerprints using the phone's magnetometer and send them to IndoorAtlas' API to determine the user's location. BLE beacons would also be used to improve positioning accuracy. The system does not require dedicated infrastructure. Magnetic positioning coupled with BLE allows for accurate indoor localization without extra hardware costs. It is presented as a potential standard for indoor positioning systems.
IRJET- Campus Navigation System Based on Mobile Augmented RealityIRJET Journal
The document proposes a campus navigation system using mobile augmented reality. The system would allow users unfamiliar with the large campus of Priyadarshini College of Engineering to navigate between locations. It uses an Android application that combines image recognition and GPS to identify buildings and provide navigation instructions. The application scans buildings on campus using the phone's camera, matches them to labeled images in a database, and displays the building name and other details in augmented reality. The system aims to help new students, faculty and visitors easily navigate an unfamiliar campus area through their mobile phone.
IRJET- Pocket Mall Navigator: Bridging Digital and Traditional Shopping E...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a mobile shopping mall navigation system called Pocket Mall Navigator. It aims to provide an interactive experience to help visitors easily find shops in malls. Currently, most mall directories are static and lack interactivity. The proposed system would use smartphones and mall Wi-Fi to create a mobile app that provides real-time navigation assistance. It would allow users to change plans and find alternative shops easily. The system architecture involves indoor positioning technologies like Wi-Fi and QR code scanning to locate users and products. A literature review discusses existing indoor navigation methods. The proposed system would allow users to search for products, view their locations, add items to a digital cart, and make mobile payments.
IRJET- Personal Assistant for Visually Impaired People in MallsIRJET Journal
This document proposes a personal assistant system for visually impaired people navigating indoor areas like malls using WiFi fingerprinting. The system uses existing WiFi access points to locate a user's position by comparing received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values to a database of reference points mapped to specific locations. It determines the shortest route between locations using Dijkstra's algorithm on a graph of reference points. The system was designed to help the large visually impaired population navigate complex indoor areas more easily using a mobile app and WiFi positioning without the need for additional infrastructure deployment. It aims to provide an indoor location system as an alternative to GPS which does not work well inside buildings.
With the rapid development of smartphone industry,
various positioning-enabled sensors such as GPS receivers,
accelerometers, gyroscopes, digital compasses, cameras, WiFi and Bluetooth have been built in smartphones for
communication, entertainment and location-based services.
Smartphone users can get their locations fixed according to
the function of GPS receiver.
IndianaJS: Building spatially aware web sites for the Web of ThingsTECO Research Group
Intelligent web enabled devices proliferate our households and work environments and brought a Web of Things to life. However, while almost any device has virtual representation the web itself is not yet a very physical place. Bringing proven spatial interaction and ubiquitous computing paradigms to life using current web technology we designed IndianaJS1, a JavaScript framework to add a physical browsing experience to any web of things content.
The IoT-Compass, built on top of our library, shows that the “wow factor” of web-based hyper-reality can still be achieved 15 years after the first implementations. Today however, tra- ditional browsing paradigms can be augmented to feature a physical browsing experience with the Web of Things without requiring special devices and infrastructure. Our lightweight framework design, prototypical interaction components and our use case evaluation just show how little is needed to bridge the interactive gap towards the web for a better user experience within the Web of Things.
Indoor Positioning and Navigation System for Locating Desired Products into t...ijtsrd
The Big Shopping Center's normally give a directory to their accessible shops, yet these directories are more often than not static and dont give any intuitiveness highlights to the customers. In this work, we present the portable shopping Center guide. The primary explanation for our reasonable thought of our proposed venture is on the grounds that we feel that when guests frequently change their arrangement to go to alternate shops rather than the one in their brain, it very well may be of exertion particularly thinking about the swarmed dimensions and an area of the route material. The application created is reasonable and possible Smart telephones have turned out to be extremely mainstream these days, so we have consolidated the thought. Advanced mobile phone application is helping you in an estranged shopping Center. This thought rotates around our advanced mobile phones and the WIFI given by a shopping Center. An application that needs the constant, quick, and reliable data processing. Manojkumar Balaji Kambale | Prof. R. S. Shishupal "Indoor Positioning and Navigation System for Locating Desired Products into the Shopping Mall by Utilizing Android Application" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25271.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/25271/indoor-positioning-and-navigation-system-for-locating-desired-products-into-the-shopping-mall-by-utilizing-android-application/manojkumar-balaji-kambale
This document discusses a system architecture for web service based GIS. The system is designed to provide hosted spatial data and GIS functionality through web services to allow for integration with various customized application systems. This allows applications to perform basic geospatial tasks like address matching, map display, and routing without needing their own GIS platforms. The system implements open standards like WMS, WFS, and GML. It has a multi-layer architecture using web services, Java servlets/JSPs, and GIS APIs within a J2EE framework. Spatial data is stored in databases while web clients can access maps and data through the web service interfaces. The system aims to support sharing of geospatial information and collaboration between organizations for
This document discusses a system architecture for web service based GIS. The system is designed to provide hosted spatial data and GIS functionality through web services to allow for integration with various customized application systems. The web services can be used to perform basic geo-processing tasks like address matching, map display, and routing without needing to maintain the underlying geographical data. The system implements open standards like WMS, WFS, and GML. It has a multi-layer architecture with interfaces for web services, servlets/JSPs, and GIS APIs built on a J2EE framework. The system provides a distributed platform for sharing geospatial information to support applications like transportation planning.
The document discusses an indoor navigation system that uses WiFi positioning to determine a user's location inside a building and provide routing directions. It covers several key aspects:
1. An overview of various indoor positioning technologies including GPS, cellular, infrared, UWB, Bluetooth, and WiFi. WiFi is identified as the preferred approach due to widespread availability and low cost.
2. Details on how WiFi positioning works, including techniques like triangulation, fingerprinting, and considerations of RSSI, MAC addresses, and network details.
3. The system's objectives of indoor positioning, routing, and tracking. It also outlines implementation in models like universities and shopping malls.
4. Additional technical components
This document proposes a real-time indoor navigation system that fuses Wi-Fi RSSI readings, IMU sensor data, and floor plan information using an enhanced particle filter. The system achieves high accuracy indoor localization on smartphones. Experimental results show the system can automatically recover from localization failures and achieve an average tracking error of 1.15 meters with 90% accuracy within 1.8 meters. The key aspects of the system include fusing Wi-Fi RSSI, IMU sensors, and a discretized graph-based floor plan representation into a particle filter for location estimation, and using efficient filtering to mitigate errors from low-quality IMUs and magnetic disturbances.
Provides basic data services like maps, schedules, etc.
Transaction: Manages transactional services like reservations, purchases, etc.
Location: Tracks locations of users and objects.
Controller: Manages the overall system and coordinates between other servers.
Database: Stores persistent user profiles, device profiles, content data, transaction state etc.
The servers communicate with each other and with the clients over the wireless infrastructure.
System Scalability
A key requirement for Rover is to scale to a very large number of clients, for example, thousands
of users. To achieve this, Rover employs a distributed, concurrent software architecture at the
servers. The key aspects are:
- Fine-g
The document describes a trip tracking system that allows users to share their real-time location with friends and family members for safety and tracking purposes during trips. The system uses GPS and geolocation APIs to track and update the user's location every few seconds. It is intended to help parents keep track of their children and reduce stress and anxiety during trips. The proposed system would allow users to start sharing their location via email and send notifications when trips begin and end. It also provides directions and estimated time of arrival to destinations. The document discusses the technical feasibility, economic feasibility, and operational feasibility of the system and outlines its objectives, proposed design, flow chart, and conclusions from developing the tracking application.
Software engineering based fault tolerance model for information system in pl...IJECEIAES
The rapid development of mobile phone technologies in recent years promoted them for being used in various areas of life, such as commercial, health, transportation and tourism and other uses. In this paper, a software engineering based fault tolerance model is proposed to manage the expected faults in the adopted servers. The underlying QR based information system in plants shopping center employs different local serves allocated at local shops that are connected to the main server. In a fault case detection at any local server, the main server can cover the management of the system until the maintenance is completed. This is performed in efficient way as the main server keeps a copy of the information for all local branches. It is important to note that the self-checking process is adopted for fault detection. After completing the maintenance, a copy of the updated information is sent back to the investigated local server including all sales, etc. Moreover, the main and local servers contain information about all offer’s plants in different languages and in text and image form, customer's information and admin's information. The proposed system is tested in several cases to prove the efficiency and effectivity in retrieving and managing information and data as well as the fault tolerance administration.
Indoor localization Leveraging Human Perception of Textual SignsShekhar Vimalendu
The document describes an offline indoor localization system that uses human perception of textual signs. It leverages the large number of textual signs inside buildings to guide visitors. The system stores signs and their corresponding coordinates in a database. When a user identifies the nearest sign, the sign is queried in the database to determine the user's location. The system was implemented as an Android application that allows users to select signs from a list, without requiring any infrastructure support. It was tested inside a university building and correctly identified locations near signs with 100% accuracy. The system provides an alternative for indoor localization without needing dedicated hardware.
The document describes a mobile shopping mall navigator application that uses QR codes to store product information. Shoppers can scan QR codes to add items to their wish list and view them. When complete, they can pay using debit/credit cards or online banking. The application aims to streamline the shopping process by allowing self-checkout and automatic payment. It was created using an Android QR code reader and draws on technologies like indoor positioning, Wi-Fi routing, and the Internet of Things to uniquely identify products.
3.[13 21]framework of smart mobile rfid networksAlexander Decker
This document discusses smart mobile RFID networks. It begins by describing typical RFID networks as defined by EPCglobal, noting that RFID networks need to provide value-added services for better supply chain visibility. The document then discusses how mobile RFID, using a mobile phone as an RFID reader, can provide new valuable services by integrating RFID and sensor networks with mobile communication. Finally, the document proposes "smart RFID networks" that can provide complex services like alerting subscribers when inventory ages or becomes stale.
Design and implementation a network mobile application for plants shopping ce...IJECEIAES
During the revolution of developing mobile phone applications, they can be used in different fields like business, health, transportation, communications and tourism, and other uses. This paper presents QR based information management system for plants shopping centers. This system includes two main sides: mobile and server. The proposed application is used as a substitute for the human guide that each visitor needs in the plants shopping center. The complete information can be provided on any seedling displayed in the shop depending on the QR code technology. Each branch of the same enterprise includes sub-server that is linked to the main server using a private computer network. The server side contains information of all plants and all branches for such enterprise in the form of text and image in different languages. The proposed application facilitates the movement of the customer inside the place, the ease in preparing bills electronically that helps the visitor to save the time of queue to preparing the bill and paying. The proposed system is tested over different case studies to prove the efficiency in terms of information and selling management.
Similar to Navigation for Indoor Location Based On QR Codes and Google Maps – A Survey (20)
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.