The rapid development of mobile phone technologies in recent years promoted them for being used in various areas of life, such as commercial, health, transportation and tourism and other uses. In this paper, a software engineering based fault tolerance model is proposed to manage the expected faults in the adopted servers. The underlying QR based information system in plants shopping center employs different local serves allocated at local shops that are connected to the main server. In a fault case detection at any local server, the main server can cover the management of the system until the maintenance is completed. This is performed in efficient way as the main server keeps a copy of the information for all local branches. It is important to note that the self-checking process is adopted for fault detection. After completing the maintenance, a copy of the updated information is sent back to the investigated local server including all sales, etc. Moreover, the main and local servers contain information about all offer’s plants in different languages and in text and image form, customer's information and admin's information. The proposed system is tested in several cases to prove the efficiency and effectivity in retrieving and managing information and data as well as the fault tolerance administration.
Design and implementation a network mobile application for plants shopping ce...IJECEIAES
During the revolution of developing mobile phone applications, they can be used in different fields like business, health, transportation, communications and tourism, and other uses. This paper presents QR based information management system for plants shopping centers. This system includes two main sides: mobile and server. The proposed application is used as a substitute for the human guide that each visitor needs in the plants shopping center. The complete information can be provided on any seedling displayed in the shop depending on the QR code technology. Each branch of the same enterprise includes sub-server that is linked to the main server using a private computer network. The server side contains information of all plants and all branches for such enterprise in the form of text and image in different languages. The proposed application facilitates the movement of the customer inside the place, the ease in preparing bills electronically that helps the visitor to save the time of queue to preparing the bill and paying. The proposed system is tested over different case studies to prove the efficiency in terms of information and selling management.
In the EXISTING SYSTEM, Ballot
based Voting is present, but still there is no system to
avoid Proxy Casting and Recasting is implemented.
We do not have an option to see our casted Vote also.
There is no security in this current application. In the
PROPOSED SYSTEM, a novel electronic voting
system based on Blockchain that addresses some of
the limitations in existing systems and evaluates some
of the popular blockchain frameworks for the purpose
of constructing a blockchain-based e-voting system.
In the MODIFICATION part of the project, we
integrate Aadhaar card linked mobile number for
OTP generation, only then the voter can cast the vote,
this system prevents casting and re-casting of proxies.
Design and implementation a network mobile application for plants shopping ce...IJECEIAES
During the revolution of developing mobile phone applications, they can be used in different fields like business, health, transportation, communications and tourism, and other uses. This paper presents QR based information management system for plants shopping centers. This system includes two main sides: mobile and server. The proposed application is used as a substitute for the human guide that each visitor needs in the plants shopping center. The complete information can be provided on any seedling displayed in the shop depending on the QR code technology. Each branch of the same enterprise includes sub-server that is linked to the main server using a private computer network. The server side contains information of all plants and all branches for such enterprise in the form of text and image in different languages. The proposed application facilitates the movement of the customer inside the place, the ease in preparing bills electronically that helps the visitor to save the time of queue to preparing the bill and paying. The proposed system is tested over different case studies to prove the efficiency in terms of information and selling management.
In the EXISTING SYSTEM, Ballot
based Voting is present, but still there is no system to
avoid Proxy Casting and Recasting is implemented.
We do not have an option to see our casted Vote also.
There is no security in this current application. In the
PROPOSED SYSTEM, a novel electronic voting
system based on Blockchain that addresses some of
the limitations in existing systems and evaluates some
of the popular blockchain frameworks for the purpose
of constructing a blockchain-based e-voting system.
In the MODIFICATION part of the project, we
integrate Aadhaar card linked mobile number for
OTP generation, only then the voter can cast the vote,
this system prevents casting and re-casting of proxies.
An electronic Medical record (EHR) is a of a computerized version of a patient's paper record. Our reality
has been drastically changed by advanced innovation like – PDAs, tablets, and web-empowered gadgets
have changed our day to day lives and the manner in which we impart. Medication is a data rich enterprise.
EHR incorporate the clinical and treatment chronicles of patients, an EHR framework is worked to go past
standard clinical information gathered in a supplier's office and can be a more extensive perspective on a
patient's consideration. Electronic Health Record (EHR) frameworks face issues with respect toinformation
security, honesty and the board. We could execute blockchain innovation to change the EHR frameworks
and could be an answer of these issues. The main goal of our proposed structure is to implement and
execute blockchain innovation for EHR and furthermore to give secure capacity of electronic records by
characterizing granular access rules for the clients of the proposed framework. Thus this structure furnishes
the EHR framework with the advantages of having a versatile, secure and necessary integral chain-based
arrangement
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The banking system has a lot of factors that can be improved by the use of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. This is a proposed project that will use certain ML algorithms to make the system smarter.
Over the years the process of manual attendance has been carried out which is not only time consuming
but also provides erroneous result. Automated time and attendance monitoring system provides many
benefits to organizations. This reduces the need of pen and paper based manual attendance tracking
system. Following this thought, we have proposed a smart location based time and attendance tracking
system which is implemented on android mobile application on smartphone reducing the need of additional
biometric scanner device. The location of an organization has a specific location, which can be determine
by the GPS. Each employee’s location can be determined by the GPS using smartphone. This location is
defined as a key of time and attendance tracking in our paper.
Smart information desk system with voice assistant for universities IJECEIAES
This article aims to develop a smart information desk system through a smart mirror for universities. It is a mirror with extra capabilities of displaying answers for academic inquiries such as asking about the lecturers’ office numbers and hours, exams dates and times on the mirror surface. In addition, the voice recognition feature was used to answer spoken inquiries in audio responds to serve all types of users including disabled ones. Furthermore, the system showed general information such as date, weather, time and the university map. The smart mirror was connected to an outdoor camera to monitor the traffics at the university entrance gate. The system was implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4 model B connected to a two-way mirror and an infrared (IR) touch frame. The results of this study helped to overcome the problem of the information desk absence in the university. Therefore, it helped users to save their time and effort in making requests for important academic information.
OFFLINE CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING FOR PROVIDING USER SPECIFIC RESULTSJournal For Research
In today’s developing world various technologies are coming up, which aims in reducing the user’s work by providing specific results which is made possible by keeping track of the various activities performed by the user throughout the entire time. Context aware computing is one of the emerging fields that help in the process of providing accurate and specific results. Context aware computing refers to a general class of mobile systems that has the ability to sense the physical environment in which the user is currently in and adapt their behavior accordingly. Context awareness is a property of mobile devices that is defined in compliment to location awareness. Systems that use context aware computing provide the user’s preference based on the various environmental factors like location, time and other conditions. Researchers have been working on this domain for about a decade and various applications were developed for the purpose of demonstrating the capability of the context-aware systems, until recently this technology has been put in heavy use since nowadays whichever applications are made by companies for end-users have a requirement of providing more accurate and specific results. Recently context-aware systems combined with pervasive computing, which means always connected and available, are a growing trend which are applied on devices. The dependence on internet for providing results, introduces various complexities because in some places the extent of the internet is limited. Therefore the context aware technology should be made to work offline using the power of smart devices like smartphones which is owned by the majority of the world. In this way the technology can be provided on to various smart devices which would result in a much more enriched user experience.
An electronic Medical record (EHR) is a of a computerized version of a patient's paper record. Our reality
has been drastically changed by advanced innovation like – PDAs, tablets, and web-empowered gadgets
have changed our day to day lives and the manner in which we impart. Medication is a data rich enterprise.
EHR incorporate the clinical and treatment chronicles of patients, an EHR framework is worked to go past
standard clinical information gathered in a supplier's office and can be a more extensive perspective on a
patient's consideration. Electronic Health Record (EHR) frameworks face issues with respect toinformation
security, honesty and the board. We could execute blockchain innovation to change the EHR frameworks
and could be an answer of these issues. The main goal of our proposed structure is to implement and
execute blockchain innovation for EHR and furthermore to give secure capacity of electronic records by
characterizing granular access rules for the clients of the proposed framework. Thus this structure furnishes
the EHR framework with the advantages of having a versatile, secure and necessary integral chain-based
arrangement
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The banking system has a lot of factors that can be improved by the use of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. This is a proposed project that will use certain ML algorithms to make the system smarter.
Over the years the process of manual attendance has been carried out which is not only time consuming
but also provides erroneous result. Automated time and attendance monitoring system provides many
benefits to organizations. This reduces the need of pen and paper based manual attendance tracking
system. Following this thought, we have proposed a smart location based time and attendance tracking
system which is implemented on android mobile application on smartphone reducing the need of additional
biometric scanner device. The location of an organization has a specific location, which can be determine
by the GPS. Each employee’s location can be determined by the GPS using smartphone. This location is
defined as a key of time and attendance tracking in our paper.
Smart information desk system with voice assistant for universities IJECEIAES
This article aims to develop a smart information desk system through a smart mirror for universities. It is a mirror with extra capabilities of displaying answers for academic inquiries such as asking about the lecturers’ office numbers and hours, exams dates and times on the mirror surface. In addition, the voice recognition feature was used to answer spoken inquiries in audio responds to serve all types of users including disabled ones. Furthermore, the system showed general information such as date, weather, time and the university map. The smart mirror was connected to an outdoor camera to monitor the traffics at the university entrance gate. The system was implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4 model B connected to a two-way mirror and an infrared (IR) touch frame. The results of this study helped to overcome the problem of the information desk absence in the university. Therefore, it helped users to save their time and effort in making requests for important academic information.
OFFLINE CONTEXT AWARE COMPUTING FOR PROVIDING USER SPECIFIC RESULTSJournal For Research
In today’s developing world various technologies are coming up, which aims in reducing the user’s work by providing specific results which is made possible by keeping track of the various activities performed by the user throughout the entire time. Context aware computing is one of the emerging fields that help in the process of providing accurate and specific results. Context aware computing refers to a general class of mobile systems that has the ability to sense the physical environment in which the user is currently in and adapt their behavior accordingly. Context awareness is a property of mobile devices that is defined in compliment to location awareness. Systems that use context aware computing provide the user’s preference based on the various environmental factors like location, time and other conditions. Researchers have been working on this domain for about a decade and various applications were developed for the purpose of demonstrating the capability of the context-aware systems, until recently this technology has been put in heavy use since nowadays whichever applications are made by companies for end-users have a requirement of providing more accurate and specific results. Recently context-aware systems combined with pervasive computing, which means always connected and available, are a growing trend which are applied on devices. The dependence on internet for providing results, introduces various complexities because in some places the extent of the internet is limited. Therefore the context aware technology should be made to work offline using the power of smart devices like smartphones which is owned by the majority of the world. In this way the technology can be provided on to various smart devices which would result in a much more enriched user experience.
On-line IDACS for Embedded Real Time ApplicationAM Publications
Design of on-line embedded web server is a challenging part of many embedded and real time data acquisition and control system applications. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billion of users worldwide and allows the user to interface many real time embedded applications like data acquisition, Industrial automations and safety measures etc,. This paper approached towards the design and development of on-line Interactive Data Acquisition and Control System (IDACS) using ARM based embedded web server. It can be a network, intelligent and digital distributed control system. Single chip IDACS method improves the processing capability of a system and overcomes the problem of poor real time and reliability. This system uses ARM9 Processor portability with Real Time Linux operating system (RTLinux RTOS) it makes the system more real time and handling various processes based on multi-tasking and reliable scheduling mechanisms. Web server application is ported into an ARM processor using embedded ‘C’ language. Web pages are written by Hyper text markup language (HTML); it is beneficial for real time IDACS, Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more. Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more.
On-line IDACS for Embedded Real Time ApplicationAM Publications
Design of on-line embedded web server is a challenging part of many embedded and real time data acquisition and control system applications. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billion of users worldwide and allows the user to interface many real time embedded applications like data acquisition, Industrial automations and safety measures etc,. This paper approached towards the design and development of on-line Interactive Data Acquisition and Control System (IDACS) using ARM based embedded web server. It can be a network, intelligent and digital distributed control system. Single chip IDACS method improves the processing capability of a system and overcomes the problem of poor real time and reliability. This system uses ARM9 Processor portability with Real Time Linux operating system (RTLinux RTOS) it makes the system more real time and handling various processes based on multi-tasking and reliable scheduling mechanisms. Web server application is ported into an ARM processor using embedded ‘C’ language. Web pages are written by Hyper text markup language (HTML); it is beneficial for real time IDACS, Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more. Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more.
A study of remotely booking slot for vehicle using Internet of Things IJECEIAES
Internet Of Things (IoT) is a continually growing area which aids us to unite diverse objects. The proposed system exhibits the universal notion of utilizing cloud-based intellectual automotive car parking facilities in smart cities as a notable implementation of the IoT. The RFID technology is used in this system along with suitable IoT protocols to evade human interference, which reduces the cost. Information is bartered using readers and tags. Open Service Gateways can be effectively used for this module. This system established on the consequence of IoT and the purposes are solving the chaos, bewilderment, and extensive backlogs in parking spaces. The proposed work aims to solve these problems and offer car drivers a hassle-free and instantaneous car parking experience. A Raspberry Pi would act as a mini-computer in our system. A suitable smallest path methodology would be cast-off to obtain the shortest distance between the user and every car park in the system. Hence, the pausing time of the user is decreased. This work furthermore includes the practice of remotely booking of a slot with the collaboration of android application exercising smartphones for the communication between the Smart Parking system and the user.
An Effective Online Food Order Application System using Asp .Net Core 3.1 Fra...ijtsrd
Online Food Order is a system in which its customers can order online for food items from anywhere. The system helps the users in displaying the list of items available in that restaurant. The system also displays the images of the recipes items along with the list of items. The accessibility to the system in the restaurant is given to the Administrator with the username and password. User can select items from a wide range of menu. Option given to customer to pay the bill separately for the items which he she orders, with this option this application can be easily integrated with any existing hotel administration software. This system created utilizing Microsofts ASP.NET Core innovation which is an open source advancement stage and C , which is a basic, current, object oriented programming language alongside different front end advances like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap and so forth Advances like Entity Core Framework is utilized to associate the application with the data set. Shantanu Yadav | Vijayakumar A "An Effective Online Food Order Application System using Asp .Net Core 3.1 Framework" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42396.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/world-wide-web/42396/an-effective-online-food-order-application-system-using-asp-net-core-31-framework/shantanu-yadav
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
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dependability covers part of the useful requirements. An example of these requirements are: reliability,
safety, ease of maintenance and availability [7, 8].
In this paper QR code technology is used to retrieve information about the offered item.
All information is stored in the local server and backup at the main server. The main server works instead of
the local server when a fault occurs in the local server, such as overload on the server which makes it is busy
for a long time or may have another error. Fault is found using self-checking process based on software
engineering technique. In this case, the work is converted to the main server in a transparent manner for
the visitor to complete the system work without stop.
2. RELATED WORKS
This section details the related work about mobile applications that focused on information systems
that use the QR code and the fault-tolerant systems. In [9, 10], the authors introduced smart guide systems to
the mobile visitor's phone, that can be used in several enterprises such as commercial, health and education
institutions. These applications worked to retrieve full information about all offered items without calling
the human to get help. The retrieve information was taken two formats: text and sound. These applications
supported several languages which suitable for many nationalities. If this application was executed in
shopping such as a mall, a virtual shopping cart is provided to help the visitor in movement inside the mall.
Moreover, when the visitor decides to buy items, he can use a bank account to pay the cost. In [11],
the authors introduced an indoor localization system, which was used to improve the visitor's experience at
the museum. The proposed system depended on the Bluetooth low energy beacons proximity and localization
capabilities to automatically provide the visitors with cultural content. In addition, the location of the visitor
at the museum was estimated based on the RSS technology. This system was designed to be easy to extend to
the Internet of Things technology and its effectiveness has been evaluated through experience.
In [12], the authors introduced an android mobile application used by visitors of the museum to recognize
the article which views information in an image, text, video or audio format via reading QR code that nearby
the statue. This application was used to enhance the abilities of the visitors in the museum to access
information by scan the QR tag from their smart mobile phone. It provided guidance tasks in the museum
instead of a human guide. In [13], the authors proposed an android mobile application for object
identification relies on scan QR code. This system was designed for identification many of items that exist by
the easiest method. The proposed system consists of a database, web services used as intermediate to access
the database and mobile application for the user to run it is on his/her mobile smartphone or tablet computers.
In [14, 15], the authors introduced a survey on fault tolerance. Each system was able to interactive
safely with unexpected failures or faults from hardware or software called fault tolerance. The faults must be
assessed and handled in an effective way, for achieving dependability and robustness in cloud computing.
The authors proposed an algorithm using artificial neural network (ANN) in order to detect the faults which
overcome the algorithms' gaps and provide a model of fault tolerance. In [16], the authors introduced
a survey about various fault-tolerance mechanisms in the distributed systems, that used to prevent multiple
failures of the system and in different points of failure through high redundancy, considering replication and
distributed services availability. In [17], the authors presented two techniques for providing a system of
fault-tolerance. The first technique used redundancy in the infrastructure of the network. The second,
adaptive technology is proposed. In the second technique, adaptive components such as H.264 codec and
(H.265) were achieved to guarantee better performance.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM STRUCTURE
The proposed QR based information system for plants shopping center with information
management contains five important parts from as follow:
QR code tags: it is a two-dimensional form barcode, which can encode the large amount and different
types of data [18]. Easiest way to access information that embedded on QR code Quickly by installed QR
scanner application on smart mobile phones [19]. To generate QR code, we can visit one of the web sites
that available online and download the code as a jpg image file and label on each offered item [20, 21].
Mobile Application: to design a mobile application to this work, the Android Studio IDE (Integrated
Development environment) 3.4.1 software is used [22]. This application is developed to the visitor's
mobile phone in order to decode the QR code, send a request to the server, receiving information in image
and text format from the server and display information on the mobile phone screen of the visitor.
In addition to that, buying items by using a bank account and other uses.
Local Server (LA): in this work, the local server is provided with AppServ software to store
the information of the entire system, where this server is installed to sub-station and then linked to
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the main server. The AppServ contains a package of software such (Apache, PHP, MySQL,
phpMyAdmin) [23]. The records stored on this server can be accessed by the system administrator for
several purposes such as updating the system data from adding, deleting or updating the item CRUD.
Main Server (MS): the main server is adopted with AppServ software. This server saves information of
all stations that Affiliated to the same enterprise. It is employed as a cloud to store data for all stations,
where works as a backup if the data in the local server has an error or to inform the visitor about what
stations that provide the desired items through the search process.
Access Point: the TP-LINK router was used as an access point to connect clients' devices with the local or
main server. In order to send the requests and receive the response to and from the server. The access
point in this proposed system is very necessary to provide a large coverage area of Wi-Fi network.
All of these elements the hardware and software linked with each other in order to works
the proposed system in the correct manner. Figure 1 shows the structure of the proposed system, while
Figure 2 represents the block diagram that explains the functions of the proposed system for the plants'
shopping center.
Figure 1. Proposed system structure
Figure 2. Proposed system block diagram of pants shopping center
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4. PROPOSED FAULT TOLERANCE BASED ALGORTHIMS
To implement the proposed system, different algorithms were proposed to running the system
correctly without stopping. These algorithms are explained in full detail as a follows:
4.1. Proposed management algorithm
The webpages are used to administrating all data of the proposed system by administrator of system.
PHP programming language that includes in the AppServ package is utilized to develop these pages. Figure 3
illustrates the flowchart for administrating algorithm of the plant's system.
Figure 3. Flowchart of the proposed system admin activities
The administrator (admin) of the system must have an account to login to the system. Otherwise,
the main admin can add a new admin to the system. After the admin login to the system, he/she can make an
update to the system's database, such as enter new items, show items, update items or delete items.
In addition to that, the admin can show reports about the movement of visitors in the sub-station, and also can
contact with an admin from another sub-station. When he needs to request additional items from outside
the station, providing another station with new items that may be redundant at the station or any other matter,
the admin can call other admin and manage any matter.
Figure 4 illustrates how the fault tolerance works in the local server and main server. The Local
server makes a self-checking to its working. If it works correctly, a copy of the updated data is sent to
the main server for saving a backup from the updated data continuously. But, if the local server has some
faults, the work is converted to the main server. When the local server returns to the work after a time period,
the backup of data is sent from the main server to the local server to prevent conflict in data between two servers.
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Figure 4. Flowchart of the proposed system admin's activities with fault tolerance
4.2. Proposed mobile application algorithm
When the visitor enters the plants' shopping center and needs to know information about the offered
item, they must install the application of plants provided by the company to its customers. When the QR code
scan by the visitor, the information is retrieved from the local server if it works without any fault. Otherwise,
if the local server has a fault, the work is converted to the main server immediately to prevent the system
from stopping. If the visitor decides to buy items and the local server working correctly, he must register in
the local server and getting an account, in addition to record purchased items also in the local server,
after that, the local server sends a copy of the recorded data to the main server as backup. But if the local
server has a fault, also the work is converted to the main server and after the local server return to the work,
and the backup is sent from the main server to the local to prevent the conflict in data between the servers
and maintain consistency between them. Figure 5 illustrates the fault tolerance with for mobile application of
visitor between the local and main server.
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Figure 5. Flowchart of the proposed system mobile application with fault tolerance
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
For testing the proposed system, a simple prototype is adopted to present the idea behind this paper.
The prototype contains different components from hardware and software. Hardware Components:
one TP-LINK router as an access point, HP laptop a main server work as a cloud to all stations, Dell laptop
works as a local server to sub-station and smartphone Galaxy S8 as the client's device. Software Components:
AppServ package for programing that include (MySql, PHP and Apache), Android Studio platform 3.4.1
version with many of libraries so that the implementation in Gridle file for example (Volley:1.1.1,
picasso.2.5.2, etc.) [24, 25].
When the local server is working properly, a message appears on the admin's screen for inform that
the local server is connected as shown in Figure 6. But if a malfunction or fault of the local server occurs
suddenly, a message is appeared that the admin’s screen to provide the system with information that the work
is converted to the main server temporarily and the maintenance team was called to fix the problem as shown
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in Figure 7. When a problem occurred in the local server, the work is converting to the main server according
to the proposed algorithms of the system. The applying of fault tolerance technique temprarly uses the main
server for overcoming the detetced fault. When the connection to the local server is return correctly, the main
server automatically sends a backup of the updated data to the local server to prevent the conflict between
the data. Figure 8 views the message to the admin include the local server returns to the work correctly.
To test the failure case in the local server of the proposed system when the visitor uses the plant's
application, the fault injection was used to test the proper fault tolerance working and how the work is
converted from the local server to the main server. When the visitor scans a QR tag and not found an error in
the local server, the visitor's mobile phone is linked to the local server and a message appears to the admin of
the sub-station about local server status on the home page of the plants system as shown in Figure 9.
In another case, if the local server has an error, the visitor's mobile phone linked to the main server
automatically over the adopted Internet. A message is appeared at the system's home page to inform
the admin of the sub-station about the fault in the local server as shown in Figure 10. After a period of time,
if the local server returns to the work, the main server sends a backup of updated data to the local server.
Figure 6. Message to the admin about the local server connecting
Figure 7. Message to the admin about a fault occurred in connecting with the local server
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Figure 8. Message to the admin about correct the fault that occurred in the local server
Figure 9. Message to inform the admin about the client’s mobile phone linked to the local server
Figure 10. The message to inform the admin about linked the client’s mobile phone to the main
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6. CONCLUSION
A software engineering fault tolerance model for QR based information system for plants shopping
center was proposed. Different algorithms were presented to cover the aim of the proposed system.
These algorithms managed the software mobile applica tion and the information retrieving in addition to
the network hardware management. In case of fault occurrence in the local server at a shop, the main server
took the step of managing the local shop till the fault is fixed. The fault is detected using self-checking
process as a part of software engineering techniques. When the fault is fixed, the local server took its order in
managing the local shop and the updated information is copied from the main server. The proposed system was
tested over different case studies and the results were proved the efficiency in terms of fault tolerance applying.
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