The document discusses the European Maritime Safety Agency's (EMSA) actions to promote clean and sustainable shipping. EMSA addresses various types of ship pollution through technical advice, expert groups, assessments, and studies. Key areas of focus include air pollution, greenhouse gases, ballast water management, and the EU's Sulphur Directive. EMSA also supports the European Sustainable Shipping Forum and its subgroups focusing on issues like LNG, scrubber technologies, and the Sulphur Directive's implementation. The overall goal is to strengthen monitoring and enforcement of clean shipping standards across the EU.
German-Finnish maritime co-operation, joint development of next-generation te...Business Finland
Maritime Business Day seminar in Helsinki 30.1.2018_Presentation by Prof. Holger Watter, University of Applied Science, Flensburg; Association Chairman of the Maritime Cluster Northern Germany (MCN)
German-Finnish maritime co-operation, joint development of next-generation te...Business Finland
Maritime Business Day seminar in Helsinki 30.1.2018_Presentation by Prof. Holger Watter, University of Applied Science, Flensburg; Association Chairman of the Maritime Cluster Northern Germany (MCN)
Progress of the Baltic SCOPE cases June 2016 - Southwest Baltic (involving Sweden, Poland, Germany, Denmark) at project's partner meeting on 21-22 June 2016 in Szczecin, POLAND
Read more on: www.balticscope.eu
* The information presented is the working exercise on the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE kick-off - Cross-border planning in Adriatic Ionian MSP, ADRIPLAN project by Francesco Musco, University IUAV of Venice
29 September Riga, Latvia
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE kick off - Introduction
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE workshop discussion on SHIPPING at Baltic SCOPE Southwest Baltic case stakeholder meeting on 27 January 2016 in Malmo, SWEDEN
www.balticscope.eu
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE kick-off - Cross-Border cooperation in the North sea by Leo de Vrees, Netherlands Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Andrea Marroni - Expert Leader - Climate Change, AF - Mercados EMI EuropeWEC Italia
Slides presentate a Roma il 21 novembre 2013 in occasione del Workshop "Il Ruolo della Marina Militare per l'Impiego del Gas Naturale nella Propulsione Navale" promosso da @ConferenzaGNL, un progetto a cura di Symposia e WEC Italia - TWITTER #GNL @ItalianNavy
Ricardo-AEA provided technical support to the European Commission in assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts of policy proposals to reduce GHG emissions from the international shipping sector.
Despite some recent progress in the IMO negotiations with respect to technical measures for new ships, the emissions of existing vessels are still not regulated. At the European level, a range of targets have been set concerning economy-wide GHG emission reductions. International shipping is the only sector not included in EU level GHG reduction targets. The modelling projections developed for this project show that under the baseline scenario CO2 emissions from European maritime transport would increase by over 50% between 2010 and 2050. As such, there is a pressing need to take action to control the growing GHG emissions from the international maritime sector.
Mr. Lluis Tarafa IDOM consulting Investing in Geen Ports InitiativesASCAME
Session: Mediterranean's Ports: a gateway to Europe, Asia and Africa
Presentation: Investing in Green Ports initiatives
The Mediterranean Ports Summit is organised by the Association of Mediterranean Chambers of Commerce and Industry (ASCAME), the Consorci de la Zona Franca de Barcelona with the collaboration of Barcelona Chamber in the framework of SIL2015.
The Mediterranean Port Summit 2015 is the largest annual Ports and Shipping conferences throughout Europe, the Middle East and Africa. This event in Barcelona is the gathering of maritime industry leaders. The program features many top industry professionals sharing their perspectives on port investments and terminal developments around the region, providing invaluable insights into the numerous opportunities in this sector of Commerce.
The Mediterranean Ports and Shipping Summit focused on key concepts such as institutional and fiscal reforms; the construction, extension and modernization of port platforms; the search for management and collaboration systems; the promotion of alliances to strengthen the position of world leadership; Mediterranean Ports a Gateway to Europe, Asia and Africa; the Port, City and Cruise Tourism, as well as the response of Mediterranean ports to the challenges brought by 800 million people.
Progress of the Baltic SCOPE cases June 2016 - Southwest Baltic (involving Sweden, Poland, Germany, Denmark) at project's partner meeting on 21-22 June 2016 in Szczecin, POLAND
Read more on: www.balticscope.eu
* The information presented is the working exercise on the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE kick-off - Cross-border planning in Adriatic Ionian MSP, ADRIPLAN project by Francesco Musco, University IUAV of Venice
29 September Riga, Latvia
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE kick off - Introduction
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE workshop discussion on SHIPPING at Baltic SCOPE Southwest Baltic case stakeholder meeting on 27 January 2016 in Malmo, SWEDEN
www.balticscope.eu
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Baltic SCOPE kick-off - Cross-Border cooperation in the North sea by Leo de Vrees, Netherlands Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Andrea Marroni - Expert Leader - Climate Change, AF - Mercados EMI EuropeWEC Italia
Slides presentate a Roma il 21 novembre 2013 in occasione del Workshop "Il Ruolo della Marina Militare per l'Impiego del Gas Naturale nella Propulsione Navale" promosso da @ConferenzaGNL, un progetto a cura di Symposia e WEC Italia - TWITTER #GNL @ItalianNavy
Ricardo-AEA provided technical support to the European Commission in assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts of policy proposals to reduce GHG emissions from the international shipping sector.
Despite some recent progress in the IMO negotiations with respect to technical measures for new ships, the emissions of existing vessels are still not regulated. At the European level, a range of targets have been set concerning economy-wide GHG emission reductions. International shipping is the only sector not included in EU level GHG reduction targets. The modelling projections developed for this project show that under the baseline scenario CO2 emissions from European maritime transport would increase by over 50% between 2010 and 2050. As such, there is a pressing need to take action to control the growing GHG emissions from the international maritime sector.
Mr. Lluis Tarafa IDOM consulting Investing in Geen Ports InitiativesASCAME
Session: Mediterranean's Ports: a gateway to Europe, Asia and Africa
Presentation: Investing in Green Ports initiatives
The Mediterranean Ports Summit is organised by the Association of Mediterranean Chambers of Commerce and Industry (ASCAME), the Consorci de la Zona Franca de Barcelona with the collaboration of Barcelona Chamber in the framework of SIL2015.
The Mediterranean Port Summit 2015 is the largest annual Ports and Shipping conferences throughout Europe, the Middle East and Africa. This event in Barcelona is the gathering of maritime industry leaders. The program features many top industry professionals sharing their perspectives on port investments and terminal developments around the region, providing invaluable insights into the numerous opportunities in this sector of Commerce.
The Mediterranean Ports and Shipping Summit focused on key concepts such as institutional and fiscal reforms; the construction, extension and modernization of port platforms; the search for management and collaboration systems; the promotion of alliances to strengthen the position of world leadership; Mediterranean Ports a Gateway to Europe, Asia and Africa; the Port, City and Cruise Tourism, as well as the response of Mediterranean ports to the challenges brought by 800 million people.
Webinar - Transport and storage economics of CCS in The NetherlandsGlobal CCS Institute
From April 2012 – January 2013, a team from the Rotterdam Climate Initiative, CATO-2 (the Dutch national R&D programme on CCS) and the Clinton Climate Initiative, developed a financial model to assess the economics of alternative CO2 transport and storage options in the North Sea, based on common user infrastructure.
A steering group of major emitters with advanced plans for CCS in the Netherlands and Belgium guided the project and were the primary recipients of the analysis, aiming to support the necessary strategic dialogue between stakeholders developing CCS projects in the region.
Although the work was focused on potential projects in the Netherlands (Rotterdam and Eemshaven) and Belgium (Antwerp) in the short to medium term, the analysis and lessons could be useful to other regions considering CO2 network solutions.
In addition to the knowledge sharing report, a simple financial model based on public data has been made available for use elsewhere in the world.
The Global CCS Institute webinar that was held on Tuesday 4th June examined how the project was set up, the key lessons from the analysis and the steering group’s recommendations for near-term action to address the issues raised by this project. The webinar also provided practical advice for other regions looking to replicate the analysis.
Mitä tutkimus kertoo liikenneinfran vaikutuksista? ekonomisti Aki KangasharjuTurun kauppakamari
Hyvät liikenneyhteydet ovat edellytys niin Suomen kuin koko Euroopan kasvulle ja menestykselle. Entistä laajemmat työssäkäyntialueet synnyttävät tutkimuksen mukaan uutta aineetonta ja inhimillistä pääomaa, jolla on merkittävä positiivinen vaikutus yritysten toimintaedellytyksiin sekä kansantalouteen.
Nordean pääekonomistin Aki Kangasharjun esitys Liikennekäytävävaltuuskunnan kansalaisinfossa 12.10.2017.
Alueiden kilpailukyky selvitys 2016 - yritysten näkökulmaTurun kauppakamari
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Suomessa. Alueiden kilpailukyky 2016 on seitsemäs aihepiiriin liittyvä tutkimus. Lue koko tutkimus: http://kauppakamari.fi/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/alueiden-kilpailukyky-2016-1.pdf
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Tunnin juna Helsingistä Turkuun ja Suomen talouskasvuProfessori Hannu PiekkolaVaasan yliopisto11.2.2016pohjanaVY työpaperi“Transport investment in railways to generate knowledge transfer from interfirm worker mobility”
Mainonnan eettisen neuvoston pääsihteerin Paula Palorannan esitys Turun kauppakamarin Vastuullisen markkinoinnin aamukahveilla 23.9.2015. Kumppaneina Logomo ja Nitro.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
3. EMSA 5 year strategy
…EMSA has to demonstrate
to all its stakeholders, both
institutional and across the
maritime industry, that it can
make a difference by
promoting a safe, clean and
economically viable maritime
sector in EU...
3
4. 4
Prevention of pollution caused by ships1. Port Reception Facilities
2. Ship source pollution prevention
3. Insurance of ship-owners for maritime claims
4. Air pollution (sulphur)
5. Greenhouse gases & climate change
6. Ballast Water and invasive species
7. Ship Recycling
4
EMSA’s actions address:
5. Prevention of pollution caused by ships
5
CFC halons Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC)
Exhaust gases (SOx, NOx and CO2)
Oil Ballast Water Dangerous Goods
Solid residues Antifouling
Sewage Waters
A series of pollutants:
6. 6
EMSA actions on air pollution
Providing technical advice on safety and operational
barriers
Organising Ad-Hoc Expert Groups with industry and
Member States
(in 2012, 2013, 2014: 3 meetings on LNG, 1 on
scrubbing technology, 2 workshops on the
implementation of the Sulphur Directive, 2 Workshops for
Ballast Water Management, etc )
Assessing the need for further EU guidance and
developing
(e.g. interpretative guidelines for the implementation of
PRF directive, inspection guidance catering the Sulphur
Directive, etc )
Procurement of an EMSA study on Standards and Rules
for LNG bunkering ►
Assisting Member States and the EC
7. 7
EMSA actions on air pollution
Annual review of the Member States’ reports on compliance
with the sulphur standards
Assisting the EC in the implementation of the Sulphur
Directive though an agreed action plan (development of
inspection guidance, training for sulphur inspectors, etc.)
Supporting the Commission in preparation of the
Implementing Acts
(e.g. frequency of inspections, frequency of sampling, sampling
method, sampling points)
Facilitating harmonised reporting of the implementation and
enforcement
(EMSA is currently developing , a dedicated Union information
system known as THETIS-S which will be available as from
01/01/2015 )
Strengthening and harmonizing
monitoring and enforcement:
8. 8
EMSA actions on air pollution
Active participation in IMO Committees and Correspondence
Groups
(e.g. MEPC, CCC & PPR, Correspondence Group on the
IGF Code, Correspondence Group Fuel- Oil Availability,
Correspondence Group Fuel- Oil Quality)
Acting as Technical Secretariat for the new ‘European
Sustainable Shipping Forum’
(e.g. Working Groups on LNG and on Scrubbers)
Follow-up to technical recommendations and
implementation of EU co-financed projects
(i.e. TEN-T and Regional Development Projects:
DMA North European LNG infrastructure study, LNG
in Baltic Sea Ports, InnoShip, Clean Baltic Shipping
Support to international and EU
initiatives on sustainable shipping:
9. 9
EMSA actions on greenhouse gases and climate change
Active participation in IMO Committees and Correspondence
Group
(MEPC, Correspondence Group on EEDI review, Correspondence
Group on Further Energy Efficiency measures (International
MRV) where EMSA / DG MOVE have developed the
ISPI concept)
Cooperation with relevant research institutions and/or pilot
projects
(e.g. FMI – Estimating 2011 emissions within EU
waters)
Provide technical assistance to the Commission proposal on
deliberations for the Regulation Monitoring, Reporting and
Verification (MRV) of Ship Emissions
Support discussions
on energy efficiency of shipping :
16. EMSA’S WORK FOR ESSF
• EMSA’s role is laid down in the Commission
Decision and a consequent working arrangement
with DG MOVE and DG ENV.
• EMSA acts as secretariat and technical advisor on
three sub-groups (namely LNG, Scrubbers and
Implementation issues) and as secretariat in the
rest of the groups.
• Currently five project officers in EMSA are
involved.
16
17. European Sustainable Shipping Forum:
Current work
LNG Subgroup:
• 4 meetings since December 2013. Next meeting 11/12/14.
• Assessing the need for additional standards at international
level, and for possible guidance/harmonized rules at EU level
for ship-shore interface (bunkering).
• Two submissions to IMO MSC 94
• A submission for further standardization of the bunkering
connectors
• A submission for a standard format for
LNG deliveries containing pre-defined
fields (a bunker delivery note
describing LNG properties / characteristics)
17
18. European Sustainable Shipping Forum:
Current work
EGCS Subgroup:
• 4 meetings since December 2013
• Next one is foreseen for 2015.
• The sub-group focuses mainly on minimizing both technical as well as
regulatory barriers hampering the take-up of scrubbers as an
alternative Sulphur emission abatement method.
• Two submissions to IMO MEPC 67
• One related to amendments to the IMO Exhaust Gas Cleaning
Guidelines and the pH calculation methodology of the scrubber wash
water.
• One related to an amendment to the standard text of Marpol Annex VI
bunker delivery note allowing ships installed with scrubbers to bunker
heavy fuel oil even when operating in a Sulphur emission control area
(SECA).
18
19. European Sustainable Shipping Forum:
Current work
Implementation of the S-Directive:
• 4 meetings since December 2013
• Next one is foreseen for January 2015.
• The sub-group focuses mainly focused on issues related to
the implementation of the Revised Sulphur Directive .
• Development of inspection guidance
• Fuel Sampling and Methodology
19
20. European Sustainable Shipping Forum:
Current work
ESSF Subgroup on Competitiveness :
• 3 meetings since December 2013
• Next one is foreseen for 2015.
• The sub-group focuses mainly focused on identifying key
factors for a competitive shipping sector.
• Modal back shift due to Environmental Legislation
• Identifying trades and shipping lines that have or are
about to lose their competitive advantage against other
transport modes
20
21. European Sustainable Shipping Forum:
Current work
ESSF Subgroup on Research and Innovation :
• 3 meetings since December 2013
• Next one is foreseen for 2015.
• The sub-group aims at determining how research, technological
development and innovation can contribute to long-term
sustainability and competitiveness of the shipping industry.
• Identify, prioritize and propose new research activities which
may be used as input for the different research and funding
programmes of the Commission (CEF, TEN-T, Horizon 2020).
21
22. European Sustainable Shipping Forum:
Current work
ESSF Subgroup on Financing Aspects :
• 3 meetings since December 2013
• Next one is foreseen for 2015.
• The sub-group aims at determining a cost-efficient and
coherent implementation of the provisions of the Sulphur
Directive by exploring all financing opportunities, assess
and recommend financial mechanisms within and beyond
the EU financial framework.
22