This document discusses natural vegetation and wildlife, and their importance. It also discusses threats like deforestation and wildfires. It describes different types of protected areas that governments establish like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves to protect forests and wildlife. Biosphere reserves have three zones - a core zone free from human activity, a buffer zone for research, and a transition zone for traditional agriculture. Examples of protected areas in India are provided. Laws have been strengthened in many countries against killing and trading of protected wildlife.

1. By christo vinod VIII B
By christo vinod
VIII B

2.  Natural vegetation - refers to plant
life which grows naturally in an area
without any human intervention .
• Wildlife - refers to the animal life
found in an area that is not tamed
or domesticated by humans .

3.  Natural vegetation helps us in :-
 we obtain products like timber ,
herbs , gum , fruit
 Trees produce oxygen
 Trees acts like shelter belts
 They prevent soil erosion
 It helps to increase and recharge underground water

6.  Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of
trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-
forest use.

7.  Wildfires are another type of
destruction of forest and
scrubland . It is a fire that is
uncontrollable and occurs in
forest or bush land . Countries
like Usa , Indonesia , Australia
and Greece and suffer frequent
wildfires .

8.  To protect forests the government has declared many
of the forests called protected or reserved forest.
 In reserved forest the right to all
activities like hunting and
grazing are banned but in
protected forests the rights to all
activities are allowed unless
specific orders are issued .

9. Plants are producers .
Plants produce there own food
and are known as auto tropes .
Animals depend directly or
indirectly on plants for food ,
therefore they are known as
heterotrophs .

10.  wildlife traditionally refers to
undomesticated animal
species, but has come to
include all plants, fungi, and
other organisms that grow or
live wild in an area without
being introduced by humans.
Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems.

12.  A national park is a park in use for conservation
purposes.
 Biosphere Reserve is an ecosystem with plants
and animals of unusual scientific and natural
interest.
 Wildlife sanctuary is a vast area used to protect
wildlife .

13.  Biosphere reserves are zoned according to the
intensity of human activity :-
 The core zone is free from
human intervention .
 The buffer zone serves to
protect the core zone and is
used for forest research .
 The transition zone contains areas given to
traditional agriculture use and is benchmarked for
agricultural research .

14.  Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary
 Gangotri National Park
 hilmil Conservation Reserve in India
 Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary
 Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary
 Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
 Kaziranga National Park
 Ranthambore National Park
o Hemis national parks

15.  Many countries have strengthen
the laws against the killing and
illegal trading of birds and
animals . In India , the killing of
all the animals is banned .