This document discusses different types of natural vegetation classified by climate and geography. It describes tropical evergreen forests, which are dense forests near the equator that receive heavy rainfall year-round. It also outlines tropical deciduous forests, found in parts of India and Central America, where trees shed leaves during the dry season to conserve water. Finally, it lists coniferous forests at high latitudes with softwood evergreen trees like pine and cedar that provide wood for paper, boxes and other products.

1. GEOGRAPHY
LESSON - 6
-P.DIYAA

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
LEARNING OUTCOMES YES NO NOT
SURE
NEED
CLARIFLY
UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF NATURAL VEGETATION
CLASSIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORESTS
SUMMARIZE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF FOREST
EXPLAIN WHY DECIDUOUS FOREST ARE CALLED THE MONSOON OR
DRY FOREST
LIST OUT DIFFERENT TYPE OF ANIMALS LIVING IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF
REGIONS
MEMORIZE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRASSLAND AND OUTLINE THE
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE SAME

3. THE MAIN FACTORS
With the change in height, the
climate changс and that
changс natural vegetation. The
growth of vegetation depends on
tempрature and moisture. It
also depends on factors like
slope and thicknсs of soil

4. The type and thicknсs of natural vegetation variс from place to place
because of the variation in thсe factors. Natural vegetation is genрally
classified in to three broad categoriс as follows:
FOREST:- Which
grow whрe tempрature
and rainfall are plentiful
to support a tree covр.
Depending upon thсe
factors, dense and open
forсʦ are grown.
Grasslands: Which
grow in the region of
modрate rain
Shrubs: Thorny
shrubs and scrubs grow in
the dry region

5. TROPICAL EVERGREEN
FOREST
Thсe forсʦ are also called tropical rainforсʦ
Thсe thick forсʦ occur in the regions near the
equator and close to the tropics. Thсe regions are hot
and receive heavy rainfall throughout the year. As
thрe is no particular dry season, the treс do not shed
their leavс altogethр. This is the reason they are
called evрgreen. The thick canopiс of the closely
spaced treс do not allow the sunlight to penetrate inside
the forсt even in the day time. Hardwood treс like
rosewood, ebony, mahogany are common hрe.

6. Tropical Deciduous Forests
Tropical deciduous are the monsoon forсʦ found
in the large part of India,northрn Australia and
in central Amрica .Thсe regions expрience
seasonal changс. Treс shed their leavс in the
dry season to consрve watр. The hardwood treс
found in thсe forсʦ are sal, teak, neem and
shisham. Hardwood treс are extremely useful
for making furniture, transport and constructional
matрials. Tigрs, lions, elephanʦ, langoors and
monkeys are the common animals of thсe regions

7. Temperate Evergreen
Forests
The tempрate evрgreen forсʦ are located in the
midlatitudinal coastal region . They are commonly
found along the eastрn margin of the continenʦ,
e.g., In south east USA, South China and in South
East Brazil. They comprise both hard and soft
wood treс like oak, pine, eucalyptus, etc. The
region which has always the tempрature 65
degree F or above is a tropical region. This region
is also refрred to as the tropical zone and the
torrid zone. Whрeas in tempрate region, thрe is
variation in tempрature but not extreme of cold or
hot.

8. Temperate Deciduous
Forests
As we go towards highр latitudс, thрe are more
tempрate deciduous forсʦ . Thсe are found in
the north eastрn part of USA, China, New
Zealand, Chile and also found in the coastal
regions of Wсtрn Europe. They shed their
leavс in the dry season. The common treс are
oak, ash, beech, etc. Deр, foxс, wolvс are the
animals commonly found. Birds like pheasanʦ,
monals are also found hрe.

9. Mediterranean
Vegetation
The wсt and south wсt margins of the continenʦ are diffрent. They
have Meditрranean vegetation . It is mostly found in the areas around
the Meditрranean sea in Europe, Africa and Asia, hence the name.
This kind of vegetation is also found ouʦide the actual Meditрranean
region in California in the USA, south wсt Africa, south wсtрn
,South Amрica and South wсt Australia. Thсe regions Let’s do are
marked for hot dry summрs and mild rainy wintрs. Citrus fruiʦ
such as orangс, figs, olivс and grapс are commonly cultivated hрe
because people have removed the natural vegetation in ordр to
cultivate what they want to. Thрe isn’t much wildlife hрe.
Meditрranean treс adapt themselvс to dry summрs with the help of
their thick barks and wax coated leavс which help them reduce
transpiration. • Meditрranean regions are known as ‘Orchards of the
world’ for their fruit cultivation.

10. Coniferous Forests
In the highр latitudс of Northрn hemisphрe the
spectacular Conifрous forсʦ are found . Thсe are
also called as Taiga. Thсe forсʦ are also seen in
the highр altitudс. Thсe are the treс which Salima
found in the Himalayas in abundance. They are tall,
softwood evрgreen treс. The woods of thсe treс are
vрy useful for making pulp, which is used for
manufacturing papр and newsprint. Match boxс and
packing boxс are also made from softwood. Chir,
pine, cedar are the important variety of treс in thсe
forсʦ. Silvр fox, mink, polar bear are the common
animals found hрe.

11. GRASSLAND

12. Tropical grasslands
Thсe occur on eithр side of the
equator and extend till the tropics. This
vegetation grows in the areas of
modрate to low amount of rainfall.
The grass can grow vрy tall, about 3
to 4 metrс in height. Savannah
grasslands of Africa are of this type.
Elephanʦ, zebras, giraffс, deр,
leopards are common in tropical
grasslands

13. Temperate grasslands
Thсe are found in the mid latitudinal
zonс and in the intрior part of the
continenʦ. Usually, grass hрe is
short and nutritious.Wild buffaloс,
bisons, antelopс are common in the
tempрate region.

14. Thorny bushes
Thсe are found in the dry dсрt like
regions.Tropical dсрʦ are located on the
wсtрn margins of the continenʦ. The
vegetation covр is scarce hрe because of
scanty rain and scorching heat

15. Tundra
If you reach the polar region you will find the place
extremely cold. The growth of natural vegetation is
vрy limited hрe. Only mossс, lichens and vрy
small shrubs are found hрe. It grows during the
vрy short summр. This is called Tundra type of
vegetation. This vegetation is found in the polar
areas of Europe, Asia and North Amрica. The
animals have thick fur and thick skin to protect
themselvс from the cold climatic conditions. Seal,
walrusс, musk-oxen, Arctic owl, Polar bear and
snow foxс are some of the animals found hрe

16. QUIZ TIME

17. 1)The growth of vegetation depends on
(a) tempрature and moisture
(b) only tempрature
(c) only moisture

18. 2)Tropical evergreen forests are also called
(a) tropical rain forсʦ
(b) tropical dry forсʦ
(c) tropical deciduous forсʦ
(d) none of thсe

19. 3)Tropical evergreen forests of
Brazil are called …………. of the earth

20. 4)Tundra type of vegetation is found in
polar regions of Europe and ………….

21. 5) MATCH THE FOLLOWING
Column A Column B
1. Trees shed leaves in dry season (a) Brazil
2. Oak, Pine, Eucalyptus (b) Temperate evergreen
3. Chir, Pine, Cedar (c) Coniferous
4. Trees do not shed leaves altogether (d) Tropical evergreen
5. Campos (e) Tropical deciduous