SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Is it environmentally
ethical to plant nonnative
trees and shrubs?
A scientific approach to plant selection
Perception #1
Loss of biodiversity due
to nonnative species
Perception #2
Only native species can fill
ecological roles
Perception #3
Natives are superior to introductions
adaptation to local environment
reduced maintenance
integration with other species
sense of place
“Benefits of using native plant
species are unquestionable”
Less water No fertilizer
Fewer pesticides Attract wildlife
Create oxygen Prevent floods
Purify water Prevent weeds
Aesthetics Save money
Biodiversity
Research question
Do native and nonnative trees
differ in how they affect
community diversity?
Study parameters
Peer-reviewed scientific articles
“Urban” settings
Private residences & residential streets
Botanical gardens & public parks
Remnant natural areas
Golf courses
Exempt: ecological restoration sites
Exempt: geographically isolated areas
Organisms other than trees considered in
biodiversity analysis
Bird biodiversity
Urbanization favors omnivorous,
carnivorous, granivorous, and cavity
nesting species
Gardens provide fruit and nectar
Forests provide mostly seed
Urban areas have wide range of resources
Bird biodiversity
Negatives: lawns, lack of water, lack of
protection for ground nesters or
foragers
Insect biodiversity
Many native pollinators
have become dependent
on introduced
plants as their
native hosts
disappeared
Insect biodiversity
Community, botanical, and residential
gardens support a wide diversity of
insects (especially pollinators)
Pest insects
Resistance of introduced trees to pests often
the same as or greater than natives
Damage higher in natural forests than urban
or ornamental settings
Generalists can
feed on plants in
several families –
nativeness
doesn’t matter
Greatest biodiversity
Habitat
structure
(canopy cover,
vertical
diversity, tree
and shrub
density and
diversity)
Greatest biodiversity
Larger and/or connected sites
Greatest biodiversity
Older, larger trees
Hollow trees
Greatest biodiversity
Woody debris
Greatest biodiversity
Moderately
disturbed sites
Greatest biodiversity
Profusely
flowering
species with
seasonal
diversity
Greatest biodiversity
A permanent water
source
Greatest biodiversity
Herbaceous/grass cover
Greatest biodiversity
Native vegetation – specialists only
Research conclusions
Urban areas are not natural ecosystems –
natives-only policies reduce planting palettes
and ultimately biodiversity
Research conclusions
Compared to forest
interiors, edge habitats
richer in total species
richer in forest specialists
than forest interiors
Edges act as refuges for
rare and endangered
species
Research conclusions
Community, botanical, and residential
gardens as well as public greenspaces with
noninvasive,
introduced species
support biodiverse
communities.
Home gardens
Serve as
conservation
refuges for
endangered
and vulnerable
plant species
Research conclusions
Non-native trees and shrubs have
demonstrated value in:
storing carbon
supporting biodiversity, and
enhancing urban landscapes
Selection strategies:
comparing urban to native sites
Air pollution
Drought
Heat
Light
Salt
Soils
Pests and disease
Selection strategies:
diversifying palette
Identify needed roles in plant community
food value
nesting value
structural diversity
species diversity - natives & nonnatives
Selection strategies:
predicting invasiveness
Decision tree (Reichard
and Hamilton, 1997):
non-vegetatively
reproducing trees
hybrids
slow-growing
species from
noninvasive
taxonomic groups
Management strategies
Plant alternative resources before
removing invasive species utilized by
native birds
Management strategies
Remove
invasive
species
favored for
nesting during
the winter
Management strategies
Maintain a vertically-diverse
assemblage
of trees,
shrubs, and
groundcovers
to enhance
vegetation
structure
Management strategies
Protect middle-
aged trees to
ensure they
become old
trees
Management strategies
Plant diverse groups
of trees rather than
monocultures
Management strategies
Enhance vegetation at landscape edges
(“buffer strips”) – and leave alone
Management strategies
Maintain
deadwood and
other nesting
structures in
place when
possible
Management strategies
Reduce managed,
open lawns when
possible
Management strategies
Protect quality of
surface waters
Management strategies
Reduce soil
compaction with
organic mulch
Management strategies
Adopt less intrusive
practices
Natives better than introduced?
they need less water
require fewer chemical pesticides
require little or no fertilizer
attract beneficial wildlife
are aesthetically pleasing
add biological and genetic diversity
save money
create oxygen we breathe
help in preventing floods
purify water
prevent weeds species from establishing
Resources for landscape plant
selection and management
WSU Gardening page
Native vs. nonnative woody plants

More Related Content

What's hot

Basics of watering
Basics of wateringBasics of watering
Basics of watering
Carlos Holder
 
Agro-forestry
Agro-forestryAgro-forestry
Agro-forestry
saiyadsanobar
 
Slideshow of urban agriculture types
Slideshow of urban agriculture typesSlideshow of urban agriculture types
Slideshow of urban agriculture typesfemkehoekstra
 
Introduction to Permaculture
Introduction to PermacultureIntroduction to Permaculture
Introduction to Permaculture
Doug Crouch
 
Container, indoor and outdoor plants
Container, indoor and outdoor plantsContainer, indoor and outdoor plants
Container, indoor and outdoor plants
MauryaChanda
 
Urban agriculture presentation (2)
Urban agriculture presentation (2)Urban agriculture presentation (2)
Urban agriculture presentation (2)
urbanhomesteader
 
organic fertilizers
organic fertilizersorganic fertilizers
organic fertilizersAzura Ramle
 
How to plant indoor plants in containers
How to plant  indoor  plants in containersHow to plant  indoor  plants in containers
How to plant indoor plants in containers
Rachappa K Kore
 
Layering wildscapes: designing with plant communities
Layering wildscapes: designing with plant communitiesLayering wildscapes: designing with plant communities
Layering wildscapes: designing with plant communities
Joyce Hostyn
 
Xeriscaping landscape and bioswale
Xeriscaping  landscape and bioswaleXeriscaping  landscape and bioswale
Xeriscaping landscape and bioswale
Shourya Puri
 
Landscape Design and Principles
Landscape Design and PrinciplesLandscape Design and Principles
Landscape Design and Principles
Catherine Patterson
 
Concept of Urban Farming
Concept of Urban FarmingConcept of Urban Farming
Concept of Urban Farming
Rob Smart
 
Problems involved in Organic vegetable production
Problems involved in Organic vegetable productionProblems involved in Organic vegetable production
Problems involved in Organic vegetable production
University of horticultural sciences, Bagalkote
 
Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture
Urban and Peri-urban AgricultureUrban and Peri-urban Agriculture
Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture
William Swanson
 
Urban Agriculture
Urban AgricultureUrban Agriculture
Urban Agriculture
CIMAT
 
Principles of landscaping
Principles of landscapingPrinciples of landscaping
Principles of landscaping
Penaflorida Roel
 
Importance of plants
Importance of plantsImportance of plants
Importance of plants
GraphicDesigner25
 
Importance and scope of landscaping
Importance and scope  of landscapingImportance and scope  of landscaping
Importance and scope of landscaping
thaneshwari thaneshwari
 
Organic farming 6
Organic farming 6Organic farming 6
Organic farming 6
Saswat Pani
 

What's hot (20)

Basics of watering
Basics of wateringBasics of watering
Basics of watering
 
Agro-forestry
Agro-forestryAgro-forestry
Agro-forestry
 
Slideshow of urban agriculture types
Slideshow of urban agriculture typesSlideshow of urban agriculture types
Slideshow of urban agriculture types
 
Introduction to Permaculture
Introduction to PermacultureIntroduction to Permaculture
Introduction to Permaculture
 
Container, indoor and outdoor plants
Container, indoor and outdoor plantsContainer, indoor and outdoor plants
Container, indoor and outdoor plants
 
Urban agriculture presentation (2)
Urban agriculture presentation (2)Urban agriculture presentation (2)
Urban agriculture presentation (2)
 
organic fertilizers
organic fertilizersorganic fertilizers
organic fertilizers
 
How to plant indoor plants in containers
How to plant  indoor  plants in containersHow to plant  indoor  plants in containers
How to plant indoor plants in containers
 
Layering wildscapes: designing with plant communities
Layering wildscapes: designing with plant communitiesLayering wildscapes: designing with plant communities
Layering wildscapes: designing with plant communities
 
Xeriscaping landscape and bioswale
Xeriscaping  landscape and bioswaleXeriscaping  landscape and bioswale
Xeriscaping landscape and bioswale
 
Landscape Design and Principles
Landscape Design and PrinciplesLandscape Design and Principles
Landscape Design and Principles
 
Concept of Urban Farming
Concept of Urban FarmingConcept of Urban Farming
Concept of Urban Farming
 
Problems involved in Organic vegetable production
Problems involved in Organic vegetable productionProblems involved in Organic vegetable production
Problems involved in Organic vegetable production
 
Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture
Urban and Peri-urban AgricultureUrban and Peri-urban Agriculture
Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture
 
Urban Agriculture
Urban AgricultureUrban Agriculture
Urban Agriculture
 
Principles of landscaping
Principles of landscapingPrinciples of landscaping
Principles of landscaping
 
Importance of plants
Importance of plantsImportance of plants
Importance of plants
 
Importance and scope of landscaping
Importance and scope  of landscapingImportance and scope  of landscaping
Importance and scope of landscaping
 
Organic farming 6
Organic farming 6Organic farming 6
Organic farming 6
 
Backyard Gardening
Backyard GardeningBackyard Gardening
Backyard Gardening
 

Similar to Native vs. nonnative woody plants

Conscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptx
Conscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptxConscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptx
Conscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptx
VARSHAMERINVARGHESEP
 
Natural Gardening
Natural GardeningNatural Gardening
Natural Gardening
Geri Laufer
 
Greening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection programGreening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection program
MohammadSaifulIslam45
 
Greening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection program Greening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection program
MohammadSaifulIslam45
 
Grassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and lands
Grassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and landsGrassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and lands
Grassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and lands
secondakay
 
Edible landscaping
Edible landscapingEdible landscaping
Edible landscaping
toensmeier
 
Sustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - Massachusetts
Sustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - MassachusettsSustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - Massachusetts
Sustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - Massachusetts
Fayina19z
 
Landscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPA
Landscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPALandscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPA
Landscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPA
Farica46m
 
L1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good time
L1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good timeL1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good time
L1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good time
AhmedKhairadeenAli
 
Plantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdf
Plantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdfPlantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdf
Plantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdf
maryamsalim629
 
biodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdf
biodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdfbiodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdf
biodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdf
mohammedbayyomy
 
Rainforest conservation project
Rainforest conservation projectRainforest conservation project
Rainforest conservation projectcarlymartin
 
Bio diversity
Bio diversityBio diversity
Bio diversity
Mani Kanth
 
Biodiversity
BiodiversityBiodiversity
Biodiversity
VrushaliNalawade1
 
biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav
biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav
biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav
mohit2506
 

Similar to Native vs. nonnative woody plants (20)

Conscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptx
Conscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptxConscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptx
Conscientisation - deforestation 1 .pptx
 
Natural Gardening
Natural GardeningNatural Gardening
Natural Gardening
 
Biodiversity Management
Biodiversity ManagementBiodiversity Management
Biodiversity Management
 
Greening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection programGreening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection program
 
Greening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection program Greening deserts species protection program
Greening deserts species protection program
 
Grassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and lands
Grassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and landsGrassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and lands
Grassland ecosystem , ecosystem, grasslands and lands
 
Edible landscaping
Edible landscapingEdible landscaping
Edible landscaping
 
Sustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - Massachusetts
Sustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - MassachusettsSustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - Massachusetts
Sustainable Landscaping and Companion Planting - Massachusetts
 
Gen bio unit 3 part 2
Gen bio unit 3 part 2Gen bio unit 3 part 2
Gen bio unit 3 part 2
 
Bakarr 2 2006 29th september
Bakarr 2 2006 29th septemberBakarr 2 2006 29th september
Bakarr 2 2006 29th september
 
Bakarr
BakarrBakarr
Bakarr
 
Landscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPA
Landscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPALandscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPA
Landscaping with Native Plants - Great Lakes EPA
 
L1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good time
L1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good timeL1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good time
L1_Plantation-compressed.pdf we will have a good time
 
Plantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdf
Plantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdfPlantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdf
Plantations_Design_and_selection_process_27801a5545b2c2999273e6bd9b23ea48.pdf
 
biodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdf
biodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdfbiodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdf
biodiversityandenvironment-131126110013-phpapp01.pdf
 
Rainforest conservation project
Rainforest conservation projectRainforest conservation project
Rainforest conservation project
 
Bio diversity
Bio diversityBio diversity
Bio diversity
 
Biodiversity
BiodiversityBiodiversity
Biodiversity
 
biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav
biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav
biodiversity by abhishek kumar jatav
 
Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10
Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10
Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10
 

Recently uploaded

Daan Park Hydrangea flower season I like it
Daan Park Hydrangea flower season I like itDaan Park Hydrangea flower season I like it
Daan Park Hydrangea flower season I like it
a0966109726
 
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
punit537210
 
Sustainable farming practices in India .pptx
Sustainable farming  practices in India .pptxSustainable farming  practices in India .pptx
Sustainable farming practices in India .pptx
chaitaliambole
 
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governance
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governanceNavigating the complex landscape of AI governance
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governance
Piermenotti Mauro
 
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shopInternational+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
laozhuseo02
 
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptx
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxNatural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptx
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptx
sidjena70
 
ppt on beauty of the nature by Palak.pptx
ppt on  beauty of the nature by Palak.pptxppt on  beauty of the nature by Palak.pptx
ppt on beauty of the nature by Palak.pptx
RaniJaiswal16
 
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving togetherDRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
Robin Grant
 
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business VenturesWillie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
greendigital
 
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
ipcc-media
 
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of AustraliaSummary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
yasmindemoraes1
 
Bhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of death
Bhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of deathBhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of death
Bhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of death
upasana742003
 
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian AmazonAlert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
CIFOR-ICRAF
 
NRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy
NRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation StrategyNRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy
NRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy
Robin Grant
 
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdfgrowbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
yadavakashagra
 
Q&A with the Experts: The Food Service Playbook
Q&A with the Experts: The Food Service PlaybookQ&A with the Experts: The Food Service Playbook
Q&A with the Experts: The Food Service Playbook
World Resources Institute (WRI)
 
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patientsPrevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
Open Access Research Paper
 
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for..."Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
MMariSelvam4
 
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdf
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfUNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdf
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdf
JulietMogola
 
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdfPresentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
Innovation and Technology for Development Centre
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Daan Park Hydrangea flower season I like it
Daan Park Hydrangea flower season I like itDaan Park Hydrangea flower season I like it
Daan Park Hydrangea flower season I like it
 
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
 
Sustainable farming practices in India .pptx
Sustainable farming  practices in India .pptxSustainable farming  practices in India .pptx
Sustainable farming practices in India .pptx
 
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governance
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governanceNavigating the complex landscape of AI governance
Navigating the complex landscape of AI governance
 
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shopInternational+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
International+e-Commerce+Platform-www.cfye-commerce.shop
 
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptx
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxNatural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptx
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptx
 
ppt on beauty of the nature by Palak.pptx
ppt on  beauty of the nature by Palak.pptxppt on  beauty of the nature by Palak.pptx
ppt on beauty of the nature by Palak.pptx
 
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving togetherDRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy - People and Nature thriving together
 
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business VenturesWillie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
 
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
 
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of AustraliaSummary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
 
Bhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of death
Bhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of deathBhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of death
Bhopal Gas Leak Tragedy - A Night of death
 
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian AmazonAlert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
 
NRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy
NRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation StrategyNRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy
NRW Board Paper - DRAFT NRW Recreation Strategy
 
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdfgrowbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
 
Q&A with the Experts: The Food Service Playbook
Q&A with the Experts: The Food Service PlaybookQ&A with the Experts: The Food Service Playbook
Q&A with the Experts: The Food Service Playbook
 
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patientsPrevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
 
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for..."Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
 
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdf
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfUNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdf
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdf
 
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdfPresentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
Presentación Giulio Quaggiotto-Diálogo improbable .pptx.pdf
 

Native vs. nonnative woody plants

Editor's Notes

  1. This seminar is based on a peer-reviewed publication available online, which will be discussed at the end of the seminar.
  2. We will see that this perception is an example of erroneous cause-and-effect. Loss of landscape biodiversity is due to significant changes in an urban environment compared to the native ecosystem.
  3. We will see that a diverse planting palette increases both plant species diversity and duration of green plant tissue during summer and fall, providing food and habitat for native wildlife throughout the year.
  4. There are many other (mis)perceptions about native species superiority. We will focus on just a few of these. In this case, on the left you see our native salal in its natural forest floor habitat. Contrast this with the photo on the right, showing the same species in a parking strip, where environmental condition are anything but natural.
  5. This list comes from an HOA document mandating the use of native species exclusively in residents’ landscapes. Is it accurate?
  6. This was the question I sought to answer through a scholarly analysis of the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Do understand that I am not including invasive species, but simply those that come from other parts of the world and do not have invasive characteristics.
  7. Altogether I collected approximately 120 articles that fit these criteria and focused on woody plants. The following slides are a summary of the results .
  8. Birds like the same things that gardeners like – a variety of flowering plants and edible fruits.
  9. Some birds, however, do not do well with homeowners love of lawns, which provide few resources and little protection.
  10. This is not unexpected when one considers ecological theory. However, seeing the results in real life can be stunning. This is the white bottomed bumblebee, a native pollinator in Washington state that was thought to be extirpated locally for decades. A bee enthusiast captured this image, which shows the bee on the flower of Himalayan blackberry, a wildly aggressive, listed noxious weed. This plant provides copious nectar, pollen, and fruit for native wildlife.
  11. Again, those things that gardeners like are the same things that pollinators are attracted to.
  12. Native tree species are NOT more resistant to introduced pest insects, and in fact are more susceptible to damage and death than introduced tree species from the same region as the pest. Emerald ash borer is a good object lesson in this regard.
  13. The greatest biodiversity across all animal groups occurs when a landscape has great plant diversity in terms of species numbers and planting densities, vertical structure, and landscape function (food and nesting sites).
  14. Many animals are deterred by fences and other barriers. Removing these barriers or making them more permeable allows animals to be more widespread.
  15. Old trees and decaying snags provide habitat for unique animals and microbes not found elsewhere.
  16. Woody debris is critical not only for tree and soil health, but for unique species that grow nowhere else.
  17. It’s fine to dig holes to plant – it’s not fine to rototill and destroy the underground root-microbe network as well as soil structure.
  18. The greater the seasonal spread of flowers and fruits, the easier it is to retain wildlife.
  19. All animals need easy access to water, and adding a permanent water feature will enhance even the smallest landscape’s animal diversity.
  20. Ground covers don’t have to be monocultural mowed lawns. There are other options that increase plant diversity.
  21. There will always be a handful of specialist species – primarily butterflies and some hemi-parasitic plants – that require native species for survival. But this is a very small number in comparison to those who adapt to new resources.
  22. Our native Pacific madrone enjoys rock, excessively drained soils with few nutrients. They do not survive in typical urban soils, which tend to be compacted, wet, and overly fertile.
  23. Consider all of the harsh environmental conditions that exist in urban landscapes – will your native species tolerate such conditions?
  24. Make wise choices in plant selection – figure out what you want to support in your landscape, and choose plants that provide that.
  25. It is relatively easy to avoid selecting potentially invasive plants. There are many online resources to assist in this decision making. Again, I do not promote the use of known or suspected invasive plants.
  26. Because many invasive plants can be readily used by native wildlife, it’s important to provide alternative resources before removing them.
  27. Good advice for ANY removal of ANY plant!
  28. Structure and function in a landscape is paramount for supporting a biodiverse population of wildlife.
  29. Trees are too often planted improperly, and they die young. The oldest trees we have in our landscapes were planted long ago as bare-root trees. Improperly planted container and B&B trees often die within 20 years due to lack of root establishment.
  30. The park on the left has two plant groups: turf grass and cherry trees. This supports little in the way of animal diversity.
  31. The edges between landscape types are the most diverse of any – protect and enhance them.
  32. What sorts of ground covers grow best in your environment? Try various “ecoturf” mixes to improve groundcover diversity.
  33. Water has to be open and available to wildlife. Get rid of invasive wetland species and replant with a vertically diverse palette of plants.
  34. Arborist chip mulches are the closest we can get to what naturally occurs on forest floors.
  35. To reduce your landscape’s carbon footprint, try to avoid high-maintenance landscape plants and practices and look for truly low-maintenance alternatives.
  36. Are they? As we can see, the only true statement is that native plants are aesthetically pleasing. But they have no superior ability in any other way.
  37. This is publication that discusses in more detail my research findings. It’s available online, or I will send you a pdf if you email me.
  38. I’ve also created a peer-reviewed Extension fact sheet that summarizes my research findings and provides action items for gardeners to follow.