Sergei Morozov ‘Nation and Mass, or origin, life and death of nations by means of natural and artificial selection’ PDF A4 55 frames. Mass psychology, evolutionary psychology, psychology of relationships. Main idea of lecture is comprehension of modern human environment. It may be nation or mass, and I think problem of environment is fundamental for every social research. Question is considered on base of sociobiology, evolutionary psychology, sociology and social philosophy. Accent is made on biological base of social processes. Subject is traced from Darwin to Wilson and then to Spengler and modern knowledge.

1. Lecture was staged by
“The Another Russia” Sergei Morozov
(Drugaya Rossiya) and was
read to young political
activists
25 February 2013.
Nation and Mass
or origin, life and death of nations
by means of natural and artificial selection
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1

2. Speculations, propaganda and terms
Term ‘nation’ is too indistinct, vague, and un- Interbreeding is within population. Inter-
intelligible. breeding is a criterion of population.
Nation as a state, nation as a sum of citizens, If biological meaning contradict propaganda
nation as a sum of people of king are specula- meaning, biological meaning is true.
tions. But are all peoples of king interbreeding?
That happens because kings and governments No, there were groups who interbreed.
wanted to unite their peoples to solve their
tasks. In US in 19 century, were slaveholders inter-
Sometimes they had solved their tasks; some- breeding with Indians? No. Were farmers in-
times they had not, but term become vague. terbreeding with African slaves? No. In Europe
were aristocrats interbreeding with farmwork-
Nation is not sum of citizens. ers? No. If were no interbreeding means it was
Nation is not all population or all peoples of not one population. If were not one popula-
king. Population is the next vague term. tion means it was not one nation.
But there is only one biological meaning of
word ‘population’. But implicit groups which do not interbreed
A population is all the organisms of the same exist in almost every nation.
group or species who live in the same geograph- Is United Nations? Wrong. United Countries or
ical area and are capable of interbreeding. (w) United States.

3. Is nation or mass? This is main question of environment
Humans live in human environ-
Population ment.
or This environment may be nation
Nation Mass and may be mass.
The question of understanding of
nation and mass is main question
of understanding of environment.
This question is main because
parameters of nation and mass
are opposite.
For some ‘nations’ word ‘nation’
sound pathetically.
3

4. Charles Darwin
Heredity -
organisms inherit parameters of their parents.
Variability -
individuals in a population vary from one another.
Individuals less suited to the environment are less
likely to survive and less likely to reproduce; individu-
als more suited to the environment are more likely to
survive and more likely to reproduce and leave their
inheritable traits to future generations. (w)
There are different types of natural selection
on base of heredity and variability.
There is survival of the fittest.
There is survival of the fittest to the environment.
Those, who do not fit, has not become fit,
but just die out without descendants.
But what is human’s environment?
4

5. Human is a highest predator
Environment of humans is the other groups of humans.
Human is social being.
Human is highest social predator.
Main adaptation for human is to be competitive in the world of
highest social predators.
There are different types of selection.
Significance of group selection for humans is highest.
5

6. Quality
What need group for be competitive
What need group for survival?
Group needs quality.
Quality is elements of heredity which predetermine success in
adaptation - to be competitive in the world of highest social predators.
What group needs?
Group needs intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.
Qualities are feature both of group and of being.
6

7. Variability
To survive group must be ready to possible changing of environment, so
it must have additional (spared) variants of beings.
Variability of group is ability to support beings of different types, which
can be used in future, both with unique possibilities, and with variants
of qualities.
Some species, humans and social insects, can use variability
for creation of permanent castes.
These species support permanent genetic recombination and can be
called the recombinants.
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8. Quality vs variability
Group needs both quality and variability.
Group is limited by resource possibilities.
As a result part of resources of group is distributed
for quality, and part for variability.
Quality and variability somewhat compete.
8

9. Instruments: chimpanzee and ants
On example of ants one can see the Chimpanzee is the nearest
meaning of variability: different relative of human.
castes of recombinants fulfill differ-
ent roles, what makes anthill suc- Peculiarities of human, which
cessful.
have not been seen in civiliza-
Ants support their recombinants ge-
tion, can be discerned by
netically. If proportion of castes will observation of chimpanzee.
be disordered, anthill has a problem.
As opposed to ants, chimpanzees
Humans have different types like have no casts.
ants. But in humans these
differences is difficult to discern.
9

10. Recombination in use
Ants: Humans:
obvious recombination latent recombination
Different warriors are needed.
But all warriors need intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.
10

11. Edward Wilson. Sociobiology
As size of population is changed, some
species change behavioral patterns.
Some types of ants, usually living under
the ground, begin to build anthill above
ground.
Very long ago humans began to use divi-
sion of labour, and to create new structures
and hierarchies. And now when group of
people became large, they began to use
new types of division of labour and hierar-
chies.
A change in behavior like that is accounted
as evolutionary one.
11

12. Clan - tribe - nation
Primordial unit is clan. Way
Most of humans
‘clan - tribe - nation’ is the last evolution
live in nations. change of man, because it changes
biological parameters.
Nation Evolution
Bigger group of people can support more
different types of people. Growing of
Tribe variability quantitative parameters up allows quali-
tative changes in structure of species. If
is grow
species had not support some group
earlier, and can support new group now, it
Clan is evolution.
Clan cannot support variability self. Tribe
Chimpanzees live can support some types of warriors,
in clans. managers, shamans. Nation can afford the
whole specter of specialists.
12

13. Natural selection for group selection
Group must support quality.
Group must be competitive.
How to make group members more competitive?
How to make group members have more qualities?
Group can make ‘natural selection’ inside the group.
The goal of intergroup selection is to make better warriors
for intergroup selection.
Right to propagate has only those who deserve this right
in the intergroup fight for that right.
Quality will be gotten.
But what is about variability?
In that system variability will be supported
by free choose of women.
13

14. Chimpanzee
Chimpanzees like humans have patriarchal clan structure. Females go to
another clan, males remain on own clan.
Clan
Clan Clan
Clan Clan
Clan
Clan Clan
Clan
Chimpanzees fight by clans, humans fought by clans, but now humans
fight by tribes and nations.
14

15. Chimpanzee wars
Chimpanzees fight by clans. When enemy clan is destroyed, then victor clan
has got their territory, and then divides in two, and new clans can fight again.
Clan
Clan Clan
Clan
Clan
Clan
Clan Clan
Clan
Human nation if has became large can divide on two and new nations became to war.
Example: American War of Independence
15

16. Sex and Rank
Healthy women and chimpanzee females
have congenital programs of partner
choosing.
Programs switch on and switch off during
age, and so women prefer different
partners.
There are only two programs of choosing -
the choosing of alpha and choosing of ‘the
chosen one’ for young.
Group needs quality and variability.
‘The chosen one’ is for support of
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B009V4B7US
variability.
The alpha is for support of quality.
16

17. Alpha-qualities
How ranks work? Rank = reproductive success.
Chimpanzee females can Biological base
identify potential alphas by next of alpha-qualities:
parameters:
- working programs, including
- intellect -- aspiration to increase status/
- self-control rank and
- physical strength --curiosity.
- age (this need not here) - health
- energy and ability to energy mo-
All these are alpha-qualities bilization
17

18. Status/rank must give something
Statuses/ranks: Control:
- is not child - is not child - has chance to be
- equal to men chosen by woman as ‘the chosen
- alpha one’.
Two first stages in men - equal to men - has right to be
are almost synchronous. chosen by woman for equal part-
nership.
- alpha - has all right to women.
18

19. How to choose partners?
It is unknown how women choose their partners.
It is possible to use chimpanzee to find proportions.
75% -
Alpha is chosen. 25% 25% -
Non-alpha
Choice for quality of is chosen.
group. Choice for
75% variability of group.
If system works, why to change it?
19

20. Quality vs variability
In chimpanzee communities alphas
has approx. 75 % of posterity.
Distribution of chimpanzee female choice is 75% on
quality, 25% on variability.
These data are for clan.
For larger group % of variability must be higher.
20

21. Fight for rank/status
Energy
Programs Fight
Alpha- for rank
qualities
But
- if being is not healthy, it has not enough energy for fight.
It can begin to fight, but it has few chances to win.
- if being has not alpha-qualities, it will lose.
So, alpha-qualities are tied to health.
No alpha-qualities means will be no health.
21

22. Will
Aspiration
Health
to increase Will
Energy
rank/status
Will is this case is aspiration to act.
Information may be used as leverage to change goal-will. Goal can be
everything.
Will as aspiration of group consists of wills of its members.
22

23. Will and hierarchy
Will is directed When there are many Hierarchy is one
from man to men with will, they possible decision
outside became to hinder one for organization of
another space
Healthy nation has great number of hierarchies
to provide both quality and variability.
23

24. Hierarchy is the mean to conduct will
By hierarchies will of men transforms into
will of group - tribe, nation.
Freud calls will as sublimation of sexual desire.
But really, desire to have rank is not sexual desire, it is original desire,
but that desire implies sexual opportunities.
Desire for sex do not include desire to have children,
but desire for sex implies opportunities to have children.
Aspiration for rank/status is a resultant force of healthy work
of healthy human programs.
But sublimation of will as it is described by Freud really exists.
But it is for will, not for sexual desire.
If there is no will there is no sublimation of will.
24

25. Pressure on group from outside support hierarchies
There are two types of pressure on group - internal and external.
Internal pressure is result of will of men of group.
External one is result of will of other groups.
Without external pressure group can lose hierarchies and cease to be group.
It can happen in very large groups, like empires.
25

26. Evolution lines coincide
To compete successfully group needs:
Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, energy.
To compete successfully for female in group male needs:
Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, energy.
Chimpanzee females / women identify potential alphas by:
Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, age.
Alpha-qualities:
Intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.
Positive man’s qualities:
Intellect, self-control, physical strength.
Direction of evolution from chimpanzee to man:
+Intellect, +self-control, -physical strength, health, energy, +age, +variability.
26

27. Nation
Nation is synthetic conception,
so nation cannot be described
within one scientific discipline.
Nation has beginning and ending, so nation is
variable quantity, which cannot be described as the same for
any period of time.
Nation is one of characteristic of population,
another characteristic is mass.
27

28. Chimpanzees have merely clan structures
Females move from one clan to another and forget former relatives.
It allows wars between clans.
Clan Clan
Clan
Clan Clan
Clan
Clan Clan Clan
In the nature modern hunter-gatherers have no clan structures, which are
not included in tribe. Family is reduced clan.
28

29. Tribe is a union of clans
Clan Clan
Clan
Clan Clan
Clan Tribe
Clan Clan Clan
Women pass from one clan to another and remember former relatives.
It prevents wars between clans. Sum of links between former and new
clan which is made by women creates tribe.
In the nature modern hunter-gatherers have war not clan against clan,
but tribe against tribe.
29

30. When possibilities for inter-tribe exchange of partners have
ended, tribes make agreements and began to exchange women.
Tribe
Tribe Tribe
Tribe Tribe
Tribe
Tribe
Tribe Tribe
But union of tribes is not nation.
30

31. Nation has appeared, when tribes begin to interbreed
in statistically large quantities
Tribe
Tribe Tribe
Shared
Tribe group/tribe of all
tribes Tribe
Tribe
Tribe Tribe
This structure is nation.
Rome had appeared as union of four tribes.
31

32. Process of nation development is process of passing
of peoples from their own old tribes in one ‘tribe of center’
Tribe
Tribe Tribe
Shared group/tribe
Общая группа
of all tribes
Tribe becames larger
всех племен Tribe
(‘tribe of center’)
Племя
Usually in towns
Tribe Tribe
Nation is not ‘tribe of center’,
nation is ‘tribe of center’ plus all old tribes.
32

33. Different variants of origin of nation are possible
It may be system of tribe-conquer and tribe-subjugated.
It may be group of men, who do not belong to one tribe,
who subjugated the other tribes.
But in every case winners create tribe structure.
If not nation cannot be formed.
Sometimes nation is saving clan-tribe structure for long times.
That structures can be seen as aristocracy or financial or industrial dynasties.
To exist nation needs quality and variability.
At first time they are result of outbreeding of tribes.
33

34. First or last
resources for outbreeding has ended
Племя
Племя Племя
Общая группа
Shared group
Племя of all tribes
всех племен Племя
is whole nation
Племя
Племя Племя
Quality begins to fall.
34

35. Clan - tribe - nation
Clan almost cannot support variability.
Tribe can support some variability.
Nation can support almost whole specter of variability.
On the way from clan to tribe and from tribe
to nation variability grows.
But if variability grows up, quality falls down.
If quality falls down, then alpha-qualities fall down,
and health falls down.
35

36. Variability vs quality
Deviation is variability without quality
First data were
qu
75% alit
y
on quality
zone where
variability becomes
deviation
25% ility
variab
on variability
time
36

37. All processes have inertia
Nation wins on account of division of labor,
specialization of labor, variability.
But variability conflicts with quality.
As variability grows up, quality falls.
Nation wins in fight with other nations till
nation has initial reserve of quality.
Even through nation has sufficient reserve of variability
and lack of quality, inertial processes work for growing of
variability and falling of quality.
37

38. Insuperable contradiction:
If nation does not increase variability, it loses to other
specialized nations and has been destroyed.
If nation increases variability,
it loses quality and has degenerated.
Solution does not exist.
There has been kaleidoscope of nations in history.
38

39. Oswald Spengler: Decline of The West
In his book ‘Decline of The West’ Oswald Spen-
gler has presented concept of civilization cycle.
Every civilization has beginning, life and
death.
Accordingly to Spengler, civilizations die
in result of ‘metaphysical fatigue’.
Civilization creates its architecture, music,
painting, empire, technique and realizes itself.
But when everything possible is created, civi-
lization cannot create something better than
had already created.
So, in this case civilization has realized itself
and has nothing to do.
Condition ‘has nothing to do’ creates
‘metaphysical fatigue’ and the one thing civili-
zation can do is to die.
There is only one way from peak - down.
39

40. Civilization has beginning, life and death
period of `culture` period
of `civilization`
achievements
music
expansion
technology
architecture
time
Spengler’s diagram can be used not only for civilization, but for nation too.
It can be noticed that civilization is a system of nation,
so a civilization diagram is sum (system) of nation of civilization diagrams.
40

41. Spengler about mass - year 1918
Culture is a live stage of A nation is humanity brought into living form. The
civilization practical result of world-improving theories is consis-
development. tently a formless and therefore historyless mass... All
It has ended with civili- world-improvers and world citizens stand for fellaheen
zation self, which is ideals whether they know it or not. Their success means
final stage of culture. the historical abdication of the nation in favour, not of
everlasting peace, but of another nation... This is the
Life of culture has to be idea that Civilization finds prevailing when it comes on
ended with the scene, and this is what it destroys by its notion of
the Fourth Estate, the Mass, which rejects the Culture
transformation
and its matured forms, lock, stock and barrel. It is the
to civilization.
absolute of formlessness, persecuting with its hate ev-
ery sort of form, every distinction of rank, the orderli-
Life of nation has to be ness of property, the orderliness of knowledge... Thus
ended with the Fourth Estate becomes the expression of the pass-
transformation to mass. ing of a history over into the historyless. The mass is
the end, the radical nullity.
41

42. Term ‘metaphysical fatigue’ cannot be used in social
sciences. Just because ‘metaphysical’
Alpha-qualities: intellect, self-control, physical strength, health.
Cause for death of nation is loss of quality,
or the same loss of alpha-qualities.
It is happen as a result of inertia of growing of variability,
and as a result of additional causes.
Monogamy is cause of growing of variability.
Loss of quality is cause of mistakes in partner choosing
and further of avalanche-like loss of qualities.
42

43. Hierarchical structures are skeleton of nation
If nation has not alpha-qualities it has no will.
Without will hierarchical structures cannot be formed.
In nation will of nation is initially defined by old tribe structures, and
then by new national structures.
Old structures first organize nation, then they can be in nation,
sometimes without manifesting of themselves. But if nation turn into
mass, clan and tribe structures became real force in structural
emptiness. Also, the foreign structures, and expatriates’ communities
can get control above mass too.
Those structures may to have the same low quality like mass, but they
have structures, and mass have not.
43

44. When does transition from nation to mass happen?
It is a seldom instance when data of transition
can be determined precisely.
Sometimes some national groups became mass earlier than the other.
It often happens to aristocracy. Then revolution has place.
It permanently happens to lowest social groups.
Data of transition can be gotten after analysis
of national structures and their efficiency.
For example, for Germany data of transition can be defined as Nazi
dictatorship. In the same degree were used both national rhetoric, and
propaganda methods which oriented on the mass.
‘Simplify it, and repeat it’.
Nation or mass - can also be defined by characteristics of population.
It is better to use synthetic approach and all indirect data,
because direct data are not available.
44

45. People are the same and people are different
Nation Mass
Quality
Variability
These people are 75% These people are 75%
the same by quality. the different.
They can agree. They cannot agree.
45

46. Life of nation is process of losing quality
period of `culture` period
of `civilization`
achievements
music
expansion
technology
architecture
In the begin- In the ending
ning nation has nation has not
quality, if not time quality, if not
nation cannot qu nation cannot
alt
iy
begin. die.
zone where
variability becomes
deviation
ility
variab
time
46

47. Alpha-qualities and hierarchy
Alpha-qualities are inalienable element of human nature.
Alpha-qualities are skeleton of hierarchical structures of nation.
By alpha-qualities nation supports meanings, culture, and morality.
Without alpha-qualities nation gets multitude of meanings, cultures,
and moralities.
Alpha-qualities are shared determinant of national processes
and elements.
Understanding between peoples is provided by alpha-qualities.
Without alpha-qualities people do not have shared base
of understanding.
47

48. From universal human - to specialized human
Level of opportunities / specter of opportunities of ordinary man
when variability grows up.
Level of Specialism grow up And suddenly
opportunities Nation in Nation in
beginning ending Woman Man
Specter of
opportunities
Specialism is possible until it is supported by universal men.
As variability grow up, men with alpha-qualities have disappeared. Community has
become more feminine. It happen because men became specialized up to degree
of deviation. And women turn out more universal.
48

49. From specialized human - to detail-human
The way of nation is the way from
universal human to
specialized human, then to
detail-human, then to
superfluous-detail-human and then to
superfluous-broken-detail-human.
They are broken because they do not have alpha-qualities
and so have not health.
Mass consists of manifold of groups with their narrow, often abstract
interests, which cannot be understood by another people.
Somebody says they have cockroaches in heads.
Cockroaches cannot come to agree.
The last universal people connect detail-human,
but first or last universal people have ended.
49

50. Can mass explode?
Even flour can explode.
Mass is prone to mass psychosis.
Mass can fall into riot, sometimes without any reason.
Mass can fall into riot as reaction on something.
But mass cannot get something from riot, because it has not structures,
and all benefits from riot were gotten by those, who have structures.
People of mass have not enough energy for long fight and have not
enough intellect for consecutive and purposeful actions.
Hypothesis: most powerful explosions have happened when
there is melange of 50% mass and 50% nation.
50

51. Who is stronger?
Nation Tribe Clan Mass
Hierarchical structures are always stronger than less hierarchical ones.
Mass usually is governed by tribes or clans. They may have both native
structures, and foreign too.
51

52. Is this man ‘man on nation’ or ‘man of mass’?
Question is wrong. One molecule of water cannot be poured, cannot be
frozen and cannot be vapored.
Nation and mass are systems of ties.
It is impossible to be man of nation if nation does not exist.
But man can try not to be a man of mass.
Man of mass can have talent.
But man of mass has not alpha-qualities and energy
to realize that talent.
For example, man of nation may have talent of mathematician, but he
will not become mathematician, because he has not enough self-control
to has learnt mathematics.
52

53. Heritage of the nation
Mass does not knows, that it is not nation, but mass.
Mass think itself as nation, and tries to use literature, notion,
and conception of gone nation.
It is a logically, because mass does not create anything
as a result of absence of possibilities to create.
Nothing works.
Mass has not qualities, for what all these things were created.
Conciseness of people live in times of nation, and mass has not notions
and conceptions besides old national.
Mass likes the past and prefer does not speak about future.
Mass has no future.
53

54. Mass is expended material after historical process
Mass is the last stage, old age of nation. Like a decrepit old man, mass
does not have intellect, self-control, physical strength, health, energy.
Mass cannot be turned back into nation, because qualities
are hereditary, and no possibility to find ones.
Mass is dying not in figurative sense, mass is dying biologically,
line by line, family by family.
Mass has not internal resources neither to compete nor to support life.
But in population, which has become mass sometimes
one can find people with alpha-qualities
for new small nation or tribe.
54

55. Sergei Morozov is independent researcher, he is known in Russia
as social philosopher, his work is about actual special features of
modern society. Really Sergei Morozov is not sociobiologist or evolu-
tionary psychologist. His specialism is problem solving. He usually
formulates popular problem and then finds its solution. He is using
sociobiology and evolutionary psychology as an instrument. He also
works with questions of mass society, mass psychology, and his most
popular hardcover book (on Russian) is about tribal structures in
modern society.
Sergei Morozov. Sex and Rank. Modern Man’s Ancient Programs
Translated by David Gillespie
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B009V4B7US
Review of ‘Sex and Rank’
http://sexandrank.blogspot.ru/2013/02/normal-0-false-false-false-ru-x-none-x.html
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