A presentation in college Ecology about population functions of organisms. Includes hierarchical framework of population, interspecific and intraspecific relationships.

1. Population Functions of
Organisms
Report By: Veronica Baje

2. Objectives
1. Identify the Hierarchical Framework of
Population
2. Understand the relationship between a
predator and a prey
3. Learn about intraspecific and
interspecific relationship
4. Define Evolution
5. Explain Extinction

3. What is Population?
Population is defined
as a group of
organisms of the
same species
occupying a particular
area at a particular
time.

4. Hierarchical Framework
of Population
Local Population
Metapopulation
Subspecies
Species

5. LOCAL POPULATION
The spatial unit for
which it is
reasonable to
estimate the rates of
birth, death,
emigration, and
immigration.
METAPOPULATION
Represents a
collection of local
populations within
sufficient proximity
that dispersing
individuals can
readily colonize.
SUBSPECIES
Represents a collection of
metapopulations in a
geographic region, where
local and
metapopulations occupy
habitat patches that may
be separated by large
distances or by large
areas of unsuitable
habitat.
SPECIES
The collection of
subspecies
encompassing the
entire distribution
and geographic
range of the
species.

6. Predator-Prey Relationship
• Predators and their prey
evolve together. Over
time, prey animals
develop adaptations to
help them avoid being
eaten and predators
develop strategies to
make them more
effective at catching
their prey.

7. Interspecific and Intraspecific
Relationships
• There are diverse organisms that are present
in the community and because of this;
different relationships are developed between
them. These different kinds of relationships is
categorize into two major types of
relationships; the Interspecific and the
Intraspecific relationships.

8. Interspecific
Relationships
• Interspecific relationships are the
relationships that show the interactions
between the organisms belonging to
different species. The following relationship
belongs to this relationship:
• Commensalism
• Mutualism
• Parasitism
• Competition
• Predation
• Ammensalism
• Neutralism
• Protocooperation

9. Commensalism
• Commensalism is a relationship between species
in which one of the organisms benefit from the
relationship while the other organism is neither
benefited nor harmed.

10. Mutualism
• Mutualism is a relationship between organisms in
which both species benefit from the relationship they
are in to.

11. Parasitism
• Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism
benefit from the relationship while the other is
harmed.

12. Competition
• Competition is a relationship in which the two or more
species are competing with each other to utilize the
same limited resources that are necessary in order for
them to survive.

13. Predation
• Predation is a kind of relationship in which one form of
species serves as food to the other species. This
involves a predator and prey relationship wherein
specie is hunt by the other as food to eat.

14. Ammensalism
• Ammensalism is a kind of relationship in which one
population of specie is inhabited while the other
population of specie is not affected.

15. Neutralism
• Neutralism is a kind of relationship in which one
population of specie does not affect the other.

16. Protocooperation
• Protocooperation is a kind of relationship in which
there are interactions between organisms with
different species which are favorable but not
obligatory.

17. Intraspecific
Relationships
• The Intraspecific relationships are the
relationships that show the interaction
between organisms that belong to the same
kind of specie. Competition and the
Cooperation belongs to this relationship.

18. Competition
• Competition also happens in the Interspecific relationship
but it is between organisms with different species. Here,
Competition relationship happens between organisms in
the same species. It is a kind of relationship in which the
organisms competes for the same sources of food and
other elements that are necessary for their survival.

19. Cooperation
• Cooperation relationship is a kind of relationship in which
organism divide all the labors between them. All the members of
the organism have a diverse task; closely work together for their
own groups benefits. This kind of relationship can be observed
from the insects, such as the ants, the termites, the bees as well
as on the other groups of organisms.

20. Evolution
Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a
species over several generations and relies on the
process of natural selection. The theory of evolution
is based on the idea that all species are related and
gradually change over time.

21. Extinction
• Extinction is the cessation of
existence of a species or
group of taxa, reducing
biodiversity. The moment of
extinction is generally
considered to be the death
of the last individual of that
species (although the
capacity to breed and
recover may have been lost
before this point).

23. I b e x Ta s m a n i a n T i g e r s S e a C o w
D o d o We s t e r n B l a c k R h i n o s Q u a g ga

24. C a l a m i t e s Pa l a e o a l d r o va n d a P l u c h e a glutinosa