Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Narrative theory
1. SectionA
Narrative theory
Narrative is defined as a chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring time.
(Bordwell and Thompson)
Narrative is a way of organising events into a beginning middle and end
(Branigan)
Edward Branigan (1992)
“Narrative isa way of organisingeventsintoabeginningmiddle andend”
VladimirPropp (1928)
There are a limitiedamountof numberof charcteters:
There isalways8:
1. Villain
2. Hero
3. Helper
4. Donor-givessomething
5. Father- awardshero
6. The false hero
7. The princess
8. The dispatcher- whosendsheroonhisway
Tzvetantodorov (1969)
2. SectionA
RolandBarthes(1960)
A- Actioncode,eventstakingplace throughactione.g.fightscene
R- referential code,referstothingswe alreadyknow e.g.wolvescome outwithfull moon,and
creepygrave yard,horror
S- semanticcode,isthe charctersand the characterisation,Michel Jacksonintozombiebackto
Michel jackson
E- enigmacode,puzzle orriddle tobe solvedbythe audiences,e.g.Michelseyesatthe end
S- symboliccode, whichreferstothe connotationsof signs e..gcolours
Claude levi-strauss(1972)
These are usuallyexpressedinthe formof binaryoppositions.
There are alwaysopposites,richperson:poorperson
AllanCameron (2008)
Anachronic:
Modifiedflashbacks/flashforwards
No cleardominance betweennarrativethreads
Forking-Path:
Alternativeversionsof the story
Outcomesthatmightresultfromslightchanges
Episodic:
Collectionof storiesjoinedbyacommontheme
SplitScreen:
Spatial ratherthan temporal lines
