This document discusses narrative theory and structure in films. It explains that storytelling has always been integral to human cultures as a way to make sense of the world. It presents theories by Chris Vogler, Todorov, and Syd Field about common narrative structures, including the hero's journey pattern and 3-act structure. The document also discusses how narratives create pleasure for audiences through gratification, suspense, and surprise, and how filmmakers position audiences to achieve different effects. The overall purpose is to understand narrative concepts and apply them in analyzing the films "Mean Girls" and "Pretty in Pink".
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Narrative – it ain’t what you tell, it’s the way that you tell it! LO: To understand the concept/theory of Narrative in films in general and in ‘Pretty in Pink’ & ‘Mean Girls’ in particular.
2. As human beings telling stories has always been an integral part of all our cultures. Cave man drawings Egyptian hieroglyphics Singing folktales (ballads) Fairytales. The use of narratives is one of the fundamental ways in which we make sense of the world; stories could be said to bring order & structure to our otherwise chaotic experiences. Narratives represent the world to us. It ain’t exactly a story...
3. We constantly use stories to make sense & to create meaning out of our otherwise chaotic experiences. In telling stories we give order and shape to a series of events. Narratives can be seen as particular arrangements of events within a structure Simplest = chronological order. More complex = use of parallel episodes that form a deliberate contrast, or repetition of events seen from different view points. Narrative Structure – it’s all in the shape baby!!
4. Concentrate – here comes the intellectual bit! Narrative theory no.1 Chris Vogler(From the Proppian school of thought). Any story about a ‘hero’ undertaking a journey involves several stages; The hero’s ordinary world established & he is given a challenge or quest. The hero meets someone who gives him advice or he obtains something that will help him in his quest. Moving to a special world the hero faces tests/make enemies and learns the rules of that world. The hero faces his greatest ordeal and almost fails, then passes has to face the journey home. The hero returns to the ordinary world a changed person. Task - in pairs apply Vogel’s theory to either “Mean Girls” or “Pretty in Pink”.
5. 2. Todorov Narratives follow a common pattern of movement. Stable Equilibrium Disruption of Equilibrium Reordered Equilibrium ( achieved by action against the force which caused the disruption) Narrative Theory no.2
6. Todorov linked with Syd Field Field = good scripts have three acts. 1st Act – gives the set-up, showing where the action taking place, introduces the characters and suggests broadly what’s going to happen. At end of the 1st Act there’s a crucial point at which the direction of the rest of the film set up. 2nd Act – has a key note of confrontation, as the protagonist is faced with a series of obstacles to completing the central dramatic need of the film. 2nd Act ends with the protagonist facing one final problem that needs to be overcome. 3rd Act – All plots and subplots resolved.
7. To be successful at the Box Office films must pleasure the audience in very particular and predictable ways. The narrative is taking the spectator on a journey ~ the plot develops in a way to engage the viewer in the creation of expectations, which are either fulfilled straight away, fulfilled later or not at all! The filmmaker engages in gratification, suspense and surprise. Narrative Pleasure – it’s not as dirty as it sounds!!
8. Barthes = narratives worked through enigmas or the setting up of mysteries for the reader to solve. Alfred Hitchcock & the positioning of the audience. The view offered to us in a film may be unrestricted – we may be permitted a god-like view of everything so we know more than any one character or all the characters. Or this view may be restricted – from one characters view point, the audience only knows what the character knows.
9. If we know more than the characters = suspense ~ we antiscipate events happening that the character cannot know about & wonder when these will happen, when the character will find out. If we know less that the characters = surprise. Hitchcock = two people sitting at a table having a conversation, with a bomb in a bag under the table. If we as the audience know more that the characters & are aware of the bomb’s presence suspense at work because we would wonder when it’ll explode. However. If we as the audience didn’t know about the bomb and it went off, we’d be surprised.
10. Narratives are all structured in similar ways and we as audiences have expectations of those structures when we go and see a film. Vogel and Todorov are important narrative (structure) theorists; most mainstream films follow their ideas about how a narrative should be structured. Narrative pleasure is what we go and see films for (or read books or watch TV shows) – it comes in three forms, gratification, suspense and surprise. And any narrative positions it’s reader in a deliberate way for effect. Syd Field is a modern narrative theorist who’s made a lot of money spouting out other people’s ideas in whole books, stating the obvious! To sum up... What have we learned – not “learnt”!!
