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Narayan presentation of cell
This document provides information on the structure and function of various cell organelles, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, plastids like chloroplasts and leucoplasts, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosome, flagella, and cilia. Each organelle is described in terms of its membrane structures and specific roles in processes like protein synthesis, transport, energy production, waste breakdown, and movement or shape of the cell.
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Narayan presentation of cell
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- 2. Submitted by NARAYAN AWASTHI Departmentof Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut Submitted by NARAYAN AWASTHI Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut Submitted to DR. SACHIN KUMAR (SIR) Asst. Professor, Department of Genetics& Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut Submitted to DR. SACHIN KUMAR (SIR) Asst. Professor, Department of Genetics& Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut CELL ORGANELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONCELL ORGANELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- 3. Organelles: Structure &Function
- 4. Organelles: Structure &Function
- 5. Cell/Plasma Membrane Structure: Phospholipidbilayer Function: Controls what enters & exits the cell.
- 6. Nucleus Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes Enclosedby a porous double membrane called the nuclear membrane. Function: Controls everything in the cell
- 7. Nucleolus Structure: Dense regioninside the nucleus Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes
- 8. Ribosomes Structure: Tiny organellesmade of proteins & RNA. Found on Rough ER Function: Links together amino acids to make proteins (that means enzymes too!)
- 9. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. HAS ribosomes Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER
- 10. Vesicle Membrane-bound containers thatcarry substances throughout the cell
- 11. Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex Structure: Closely layeredstacks of membrane enclosed discs Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins
- 13. Lysosome Structure: Contains enzymes;membrane bound Function: Breaks down food, waste & damaged cell parts all within the cell
- 14. Peroxisome Structure: Contains enzymes;membrane bound Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially H2O2.
- 15. Vacuole Structure: fluid filledsacs; small in animal cells; large in plant cells Function: stores materials for cell
- 16. Plastids Structure: 3 differenttypes Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only!
- 17. Plastids 1.Leucoplast – storesstarch in roots & stems 2.Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment 3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of photosynthesis
- 18. Chloroplast Structure: 3 membranes;bean shaped; contains chlorophyll (green pigment) Function: Uses sunlight to create food, photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae)
- 19. Mitochondria Structure: Bean shaped;2 membranes; has own DNA & ribosomes Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell
- 20. Chloroplast & Mitochondria Bothhave: more than 1 membrane ‘Powerhouse’ of their cells Contain their own DNA Reproduce independently of the cell Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?!
- 21. Cytoplasm/Cytosol Structure: Jelly –like substance between the area of the nucleus & cell membrane Function: Hold organelles in place & site for chemical reactions
- 22. Cytoskeleton Structure: A networkof protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments) Function: Supports & shapes the cell
- 23. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure:Thin folded membranes that are connected together. No ribosomes Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as drugs/alcohol
- 24. Centrosome/Centrioles Structure: Small regionof cytoplasm, made up of microtubules; pair of centrioles Function: Helps the cell divide
- 25. Flagellum (flagella =plural) Tail used for movement
- 26. Cilium (cilia =plural) Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used For movement and gathering food
Editor's Notes
- #9 UC Santa Cruz scientists have for the first time taken a detailed picture, using x-ray crystallography, of a complete ribosome, the small cellular component which translates genetic information into proteins. The bacterial ribosome is composed of three different RNA molecules and more than 50 different proteins arranged in two major subunits, which join together to form the complete ribosome. During protein synthesis, the ribosome binds transfer RNA molecules in three different sites. In this image of the ribosome with transfer RNAs in all three binding sites, the large subunit is gray, the small subunit is violet, and the three transfer RNAs are green, blue, and red. www.aip.org/png/html/ribosome.html
- #12 the Golgi receives newly made proteins and lipids from the ER, puts the finishing touches on them, addresses them, and sends them to their final destinations. One of the places these molecules can end up is in lysosomes.
- #13 the Golgi receives newly made proteins and lipids from the ER, puts the finishing touches on them, addresses them, and sends them to their final destinations. One of the places these molecules can end up is in lysosomes.
- #15 www.biologyclass.net/celltheory.html
- #23 The three fibers of the cytoskeleton–microtubules in blue, intermediate filaments in red, and actin in green–play countless roles in the cell. http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter1.html
- #24 a series of large, flattened membranes that fold back and forth on each other and have a very large surface area. This collection of membranes is called the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, or ER. The ER stretches from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane. It serves as a pathway through the cytoplasm, as a support structure for the attachment of other organelles, and as a workstation for the ribosomes. The ER can be divided into two parts: the rough ER and the smooth ER. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and provides a surface along which the process of protein assembly can occur. The smooth ER does not have ribosomes and is much more tubular in appearance. In some human cells, the smooth ER produces steroids; in others it regulates calcium levels. In a process that scientists still don't understand, the rough ER manufactures the membranes of the smooth ER. www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4d.asp