Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, or billionths of a meter. It can make existing products more powerful and flexible by enabling faster computing, stronger materials, and cures for more diseases. However, nanotechnology may also enable dangerous weapons and has high costs and environmental concerns. Some key applications include using carbon nanotubes to strengthen materials like concrete, and using titanium dioxide in self-cleaning surfaces. Sri Lanka has invested in nanotechnology research centers to develop applications in fields like health, energy, and agriculture. Potential risks involve health impacts of mobile nanoparticles.

2.  Nanotechnology is the use of very small
particles of material. A nanometer is a
billionth of a meter.
 Nanotechnology is not a new science and
it is not a new technology. It is rather an
extension of the sciences and technologies
.

3.  Nanotechnology will make most exiting
products quite a bit more powerful and
flexible.
 The nanotechnology promises a rapid
improvement of technology at low cost
and high convenience.
 Computers will compute faster, materials
will become stronger and medicine will
cure more diseases

4.  The nanotechnology has potential of
developing and fabricating dangerous
weapons, drugs in large quantity.
 At this moment the main limitation is the
high costs of nanotechnology. Also
concerns with the environmental effects.

5.  Nano particle: It is defined as a
particle with at least one
dimension less than 200nm.
 Nano composite : It is produced by
adding Nano particle to a bulk
material in order to improve the
bulk material’s properties.
Fig.Nanotube on a
small cement grain

6. Carbon Nano Tubes(CNT)
 They are cylindrical with nanometer diameter.
 They have 5 times the Young’s modulus and 8 times
(theoretically 100 times) the strength of steel.
Contd.,

7. Titanium oxide(TiO2)
• Titanium dioxide is a widely used white pigment.
• When incorporated into outdoor building
materials can substantially reduce
concentrations of airborne pollutants.
• Additionally, as TiO2 is exposed to UV light, it
becomes increasingly hydrophilic ,thus it can be
used for selfcleaning windows.

8.  Concrete is stronger, more durable and more
easily placed.

 Steel is made tougher .

 Glass is self-cleaning.

 Paints are made more insulating and water
repelling.

9.  As we know, Concrete is a mixture of
cement, sand(fine aggregate), coarse
aggregate and water.
 As concrete is most usable material in
construction industry it’s been require to
improve its quality.
 Concrete is, after all, a macro-material
strongly influenced by its nano-properties.
Fig.Engineered
Cementitious
Composites
(ECC) used to
repair a bridge
deck

10. CNTs in concrete
 The addition of small amounts (1% wt) of
CNT’s can improve the mechanical properties
of samples consisting of the main Portland
cement phase and water.
 Oxidized multi-walled Nano tubes (MWNT’s)
show the best improvements both in
compressive strength (+ 25 N/mm2) and
flexural strength (+ 8 N/mm2) compared to
the samples without the reinforcement.

12.  These have found increasing application in civil
structures .
 Due to super-elastics properties, the elastic
deformation of SMAs is followed by a large
increase of strain under an almost constant
stress. After unloading, only elastic strain
recovers and the residual stain can be removed
through heating.

13. Fig(a) Tendon buckles during
loading
Fig(b)Tendon recovers after
heating

14. Fig(a) Concrete cracks upon
loading
Fig(b) Crack is closed up
after heating

15. Fig. 7mm thick concrete wall
• The barely visible blue-green area at the top of
this X-ray shows that very few chloride ions (in
green) penetrate into the concrete. Infiltrating
chloride and sulphate ions cause internal structural
damage over time that leads to cracks and weakens
the concrete.
• This can be removed rather than change the size
and density of the pores in concrete, it would be
better to change the viscosity of the solution in the
concrete at the microscale to reduce the speed at
which chlorides and sulphates enter the concrete.

17. Nanotechnology
Human Hair 75 µm
FeatureSize
10nm
100nm
1µm
10µm
1nm
0.1nm
100µm
Nanotechnology: Size and Scale
Plant and Animal Cells
Most Bacteria
Transistor
0.18µm
Virus
Proteins
Lysozyme
Carbon
Nano-tubes
Atoms Cooper, 2001

18. In 1959 Richrad Feynman
presented ideas for creating
Nano scale machines
Norio Taniguchi
introduced the term
‘nanotechnology’
1980s, development in this field was
greatly enhanced with advances in
electron microscopy

19. Top-down Approach Bottom-up Approach
Creating Nano-scale materials
by physically or chemically
breaking down larger materials
Assembling Nano materials
atom-by-atom or molecule-by
molecule (self assembling)

20. Three distinct aspects
Direct
Application of
novel, Nano
engineered
artifacts
Ex : Electronic &
photonic circuits
Indirect
Progressive
miniaturization of
existing
technologies
Ex : Nano bots,
cosmetics
Conceptual
All materials &
processes are
considered from a
molecular
viewpoint
Ex : Universal
manufacturing
model

21. Nano powders - building blocks of nano materials
(particles less than 100 nm in size)
Porous metallic
‘nanocubes’
store large amounts of H2
Nanoparticles of gold for
new catalysts
The scale of
nanopowders
www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology

22. Carbon nanotubes
(sensors, fuel cells,
computers
and televisions)
Nano membrane
filtration systems
(safe, clean,
affordable water)

23. Molecular electronic
„cross bar latches‟
(tiny Nano devices)
Quantum
dots and
artificial atoms
(small devices that
contain a tiny
droplet of free electrons)

24. Medicine
Ex. Nano biotechnology
Energy
ex. Renewable
energy
Electronics and
information
technologies

25. Chemistry and
Environment
Consumer goods
Military
and
security
application
s

26. 2001 2005 2010 2020
Systems of
Nanosystems
Robotics
3D networks
Guided
assemblers
Molecular
Nanosystems
Molecules by
design
Evolutionary
systems
Passive
Nanostructures
Coatings,
polymers,ceramic
s
Active
Nanostructures
Transistors
Targeted drugs
Adaptive
structures
Agrifood applicatinos currently in
passive to early “active” stage

27. Plant
production
Ex: Delivery of DNA
to plants
Animal
Production
Ex: Nano tube
sensors to detect
hormone level
changes
Animal or
Plant Health
Ex: Detect
pathogens

28. Agrochemic
al
Ex: Nanoparticles
in pesticides
In food
industry
Convergence
Nano-Geo-(Bio)-
Info technology
Sensing
Ex: Detect
chemicals or food
borne pathogen
Safety
Packaging
Ex: Prevent or
respond to
spoilage

29. 2006 - Sri Lanka‟s National
Nanotechnology Initiative (SLNNI)
2008  Establishment of
NANCO (Pvt) Ltd
Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (Pvt) Ltd. (SLINTEC)
 Merger of NANCO (Pvt) Ltd. and SLINTEC (Pvt)
Ltd.
Establishment of
 A world class Nanotechnology Laboratory
 Establishment of a Nanoscience Park

30. Health risks
Medical application of nanoparticles
 ex: enhance drug delivery
Some nanoparticles —freely mobile
 Negative health and environmental impacts

31. THANKSSSS