This document provides an overview of nanogels for drug delivery applications. It defines nanogels as nanosized polymer networks that swell in solvent. Nanogels have properties like biocompatibility and drug loading capacity. They can be administered via various routes and classified based on responsive behavior or linkage type. The document discusses synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanogels in cancer treatment, ophthalmic use, and more. Nanogels are a promising drug delivery system due to abilities like controlled drug release and delivery of therapeutics to targeted sites.

1. Guided by : Mr. Mohammad
Mukhtar Khan
M.pharm
Prepared By: Ajinkya H.Narke
B. Pharm 4th year
Roll no :51

2. INDEX
Introduction
Routes of Administration
Properties of Nanogel
Advantages of Nanogel
Disadvantages of Nanogel
Classification of Nanogel
Drug Release mechanism of Nanogel
Synthesis of Nanogel
Characterization of Nanogel
Application of Nanogel
References
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3. Introduction
 The term ‘nanogel’ defined as the nanosized particles formed by physically or
chemically cross-linked polymer networks that is swell in a good solvent.
 Traditionally in name of gel we have heard of semi-soild formulations with 3-D
network of organic system fluids and drugs.
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fig.1 Nanogel.

4. They are water soluble and allow spontaneous
loading of drug in aqueous media.
Nanogel are typical formulations mainly of the size
range form of 20 to 200 nm.
Nanogel possess large surface area tumble sizes
and a network to allow incorporation of molecule.
Nanogel are very promising in drug delivery
applications due to their high loading capacity.
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5. Routes of Administration Properties of Nanogel Advantages of Nanogels
Oral
Pulmonary
Topical
Inter-ocular
Nasal
Parenteral
 Biocompatibility and
degradability
 Swelling property in
aqueous media
 Higher degree loading
capacity
 Particle size
 Solubility
 Electro mobility
 Colloidal stability
 Non-immunologic
response
 Others
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Highly biocompatible
Biodegradable
Non immunological
responses
Release of therapeutics can
be regulated by cross-linking
densities.
Good permeation
capabilities due to extreme
small size .
Applied to both hydrophilic
and hydrophobic drugs and
charged solutes.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF NANOGEL
Nanogels are more commonly classified into two major
ways. The first classification is based on their
responsive behavior, which can be either stimuli-
responsive or nonresponsive.
 1. In the case of non-responsive microgels, they simply
swell as a result of absorbing water.
 2. Stimuli-responsive microgels swell or Deswell upon
exposure to environmental changes such as
temperature, pH, magnetic field, and ionic strength.
Multi-responsive microgels are responsive to more than
one environmental stimulus.
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7.  The second classification is based on the type of
linkages present in the network chains of gel structure,
polymeric gels (including nanogel) are subdivided into
two main categories:
 1.Physical cross-linked gels-
 Physical gels or pseudo gels are formed by weaker
linkages through either (a) van der Waals forces, (b)
hydrophobic, electrostatic interactions, or (c)
hydrogen bonding. A few simple methods are
available to obtain physical gels.
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8.  These systems are sensitive and this sensitivity
depends on polymer composition, temperature, ionic
strength of the medium, concentrations of the
polymer and of the cross-linking agent. The
association of amphiphilic block copolymers and
complexation of oppositely charged polymeric chains
results in the formation of micro- and nanogels in only
a few minutes. Physical gels can also be formed by the
aggregation and/or self-assembly of polymeric chains.
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9. 2.Liposome Modified Nanogels-
 Kono et al.,have disclosed liposomes bearing
succinylated poly(glycidol)s; these liposomes undergo
chain fusion below pH 5.5 that has been shown to
efficiently deliver calcein to the cytoplasm. Liposomes
anchored by or modified with poly(N
isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymeric groups are
suitable for thermo- and pH-responsive nanogels,
which are being investigated for transdermal drug
delivery .
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10. Micellar Nanogels-
 Polymer micellar nanogels can be obtained by the
supramolecular self-assembly of amphiphilic block or graft
copolymers in aqueous solutions. They possess unique core-
shell morphological structures, where a hydrophobic block
segment in the form of a core is surrounded by hydrophilic
polymer blocks as a shell (corona) that stabilizes the entire
micelle. The core of micelles provides enough space for
accommodating various drug or biomacromolecules by
physical entrapment. Furthermore, the hydrophilic blocks
may form hydrogen bonds with the aqueous media that lead
to a perfect shell formation around the core of micelle.
Therefore, the drug molecules in the hydrophobic core are
protected from hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation.
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11.  Researchers (Li et al., 2006) successfully developed
highly versatile Y-shaped micelles of poly(oleic acid-Y-
N-isopropylacrylamide) for drug delivery application.
In this study, the delivery of prednisone acetate above
its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was
demonstrated. A representation of micelle
formation is shown in Figure
 Y-shaped copolymer self-assembly to give micelle
structures
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12. The 2nd classification is based on the types of
linkages present in network chains of gel structure
,polymeric gels (including nanogel) are subdivided
in 2 main categories :
1) physical cross-linked gels
2) liposome Modified Nanogel
3) Micellar Nanogel
4) Hybrid Nanogel
5)Chemically cross-linked gels
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13. DRUG RELEASE
MECHANISMS OF
NANOGEL
 Mechanism of drug release have been
investigated broadly based on the
sensitive characteristics of polymer
systems such as temperature, pH,
volume transition and light responsive
behavior either effecting the loading or
release capacity of nano-gels as
described below.
1) ph responsive mechanism
2) Thermo sensitive and volume
transition mechanism
3) Photochemical internalization and
photo-isomerisation
4) Diffusion
5) Nano-gel degradation
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ph responsive
mechanism-

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15. CHARTACTERIZATION OF NANOGELS
1) Scanning electron microscopy
2)Transmission electron
microscopy
3) Size exclusion chromatography
4)Force spectroscopy
5)Swelling study of nano-gel
6)Nuclear magnetic resonance
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16. SYNTHESIS OF NANOGELS
 Photolithographic techniques
 Fabrication of biopolymers
 Micromolding method
 Water –in-oil (W/O) heterogeneous emulsion methods
 Inverse(mini) emulsion method
 Reverse miceller method
 Membrane emulsification
 Chemical cross linking
 Carbodiimide coupling – Novel pullulan chemistry modification
 Heterogeneous free radical polymerization
 Precipitation polymerization
 Inverse (mini) emulsion polymerization
 Inverse micro emulsion polymerization
 Dispersion polymerization
 Heterogeneous controlled/living radical polymerization
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17. APPLICATION OF NANOGELS
Nanogel-based drug delivery formulations improve the
effectiveness and safety of certain anti-cancer drugs, and
many other drugs, due to their chemical composition, which
have been confirmed from in vivo study in animal models.
There is still some work to do before these products are ready
for human trials.
1) Nano-gel in cancer treatment
2) Ophthalmic
3) Anti-inflammatory action
4) Neurodegenerative
5) Diabetics
6) Autoimmune diesase
7) In stopping bleeding
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18. Applications of nanogel in
cancer treatmentNanogel constitution Types of nanogels Applications
Acetylated chondrioitin sulfate
Self organizing nanogel Doxorubicin loaded
Crosslinked polyethyenemine and
PEG/Phuronic
Biodegradable nanogel 5’-triphosphorylated ribavirin reduced toxicity
Glycol chitosan grafted with 3-
diethylaminopropyl groups
pH-responsive Doxorubicin uptake accelerated
Pullulan/folate phenophorbide Self quenching polysaccharides based Minimal phototoxicity of phenophorbide
Crosslinked branched network of
polyethyeneimine and PEG
Polyplex nanogel Elevated activity and reduced cyototoxicity of
fludarabine
Heparin phuronic namogel
Self assembled nanogel RNaseA enzyme delivery internalized in the cell
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19. Applications of nanogel in gene delivery
,enzymology and protein folding
Nanogel constitution Type of nanogel Application
Poly[2-(N,N-
diethylamineoethyl)met
hacrylate] PEGlyated
macroRAFT agent
One step PEGylated cationic nanogel Potential in gene therapy
Cholesterol bearing
pullulan
Self assembled artificial molecular chaperone Assisted protein refolding of carbonic
anhydrase and citrate synthase during
GdmCL,denaturation
Cholesterol bearing
pullulan and amino
group modified
Cholesterol bearing
pullulan
Biocompatible nanogel as artificial chaperone Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by
inhibiting aggregation of amyloid beta-
protien
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20. References
 Dhawal dorwal ,nanogel as novel and versatile
pharmaceuticals ,Int J Pharma Pharma Sci.2012;4(3):67-
74
 Abd El-Rehim HA, Swilem AE, Klingner A, Hegazy elSA,
Hamed AA.,Developing the potential ophthalmic
applications of pilocarpine entrapped into
polyvinylpyrrolidone-poly (acrylic acid) nanogel
dispersions prepared by γ radiation., Biomacromolecules.
2013 Mar 11;14 (3):688-98.
 Catarina Gonçalves, Paula Pereira and Miguel Gama,
SelfAssembled Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
Applications, Materials 2010, 3, 1420-1460.
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