1. FOOD ADDITIVES
Supply nutrients
Enchance the colour
Purposes Add flavour
Of Using Improve food texture
Food
Preserve the food
TYPES FUNCTIONS EXAMPLES
• Prevent the growth of
microorganisms • Sausages
• To make food taste better • Canned food
Preservative Uses
Sodium Nitrate - preserve meat,
dried fish, cheese
- prevent food
poisoning in canned
food
- maintain the fresh
of meat
Benzoic Acid - preserve souce,
Sodium Benzoate fruit juice, jam
margarine
Food Preservative Sulphur Dioxide - Used as bleaches &
Sodium Sulphite antioxidants to
prevent brownibg in
fruit juice
- maintain the
freshness of
vegetables
- prevent the growth
of yeast
• To prevent the oxidation of fats and • Margarine
oils by oxygen in the air • Cooking oil
Antioxidants • To slow down the oxidation
process – the food do not become
rancid

2. • To enchance the taste of food • Ice cream
• Soft drinks
Flavours Function
Flavouring Agents MSG - to enchance the flavours of
other foods
Aspartame - used as substitute for sugar
8 Artificial to enchance the sweetness in
Flavour foods and drinks
Ester - used in making jam, cakes and
Cordials
8 Flavour
. methyl butanoate – apple
enchancer . octyl ethanoate – orange
. methyl-2-aminobenzoate- grapes
. penthyl ethanoate – bananas
• Improve the texture & the blending • Chili sauce
of food • Ice cream
• To enable oil & water in the food to • Ketchup sauce
mix together to form an emulsion of • Oyster sauce
Stabilisers and oil and water
Thickening Agents • Improve the stability of some food
• Thicken the liquid and prevent food
from becoming liquid
Stabilizers Thickening agent
Gelatin Gelatin
Acacia gum Pectin
starch
• To give the food colour & imorove • Ice cream
their appearance • Soft drink
Colouring Agents * Uses of synthetic food colours:
- restore the colour of food lost
during food processing
- enchance natural colour
- give colour to food

3. MODE
TRADITIONA
ANALGESICS
HORMONES
AND
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC STEROIDS
DRUG
ANIMALS
MINERAL
PLANTS
TRADITIONAL MEDICINES
PLANT PART OF PLANT USES
Garlic • Preventing flu attcack
Corm • Reducing high blood pressure
Ginger Rhizome • Treating stomach pain due to
wind in stomach
• Supplying heat energy to
keep the body warm
• Preventing flu attack
Aloe vera Leaves • Preventing itchy skin
• Treating burns on the skin
Lemon (lime) Fruits • Treating boils or abscesses
on the skin
• Preventing flu attack
• Treating skin diseases
Quinine Bark of Chinchona • Treating malaria
tree • Preventing muscle cramp
Ginseng Roots • As a tonic to improve the
overall health of human
beings

4. • Increasing energy, endurance
and reducing fatigue
Lemon grass Stem / leaves • Has antibacterial and
antifungal properties
• Treating cough
Tongkat Ali Roots • As a tonic for after a birth and
general health
MODERN MEDICINES
Analgesics
EXAMPLES FUNTIONS
• Reduce fever
• Relieve headaches, muscle aches & joint
aches
• Treat arthritis (caused by inflammation of
Aspirin joints)
• Act as anticoagulants – perevent the
clotting of blood & reduce heart attack
and strokes
• Relieve musculoskeletal pain
• Reduce temperature of high fever
• Has some anti-inflammatory action
Paracetamol • Relieve flu symptom
Codeine • Relive mild to moderate pain
• Suppresses the cough centre of brain
Antibiotics
• Destroy or prevent the growth of infectious microorganisms
• Treat diseases caused by bacteria
EXAMPLES FUNTIONS
• Treat diseases such as
pneumonia, gonorrhea, syphilis
Penicillin • Kill bacteria that are infected
Streptomycin • Treating tuberculosis

5. Psychotherapeutic Drugs
• Treating mental and emotional illnesses
TYPES FUNCTION EXAMPLES
• To stimulate the mental activity • Caffeine
Stimulants • Increase the heartbeat • amphetamine
• Reduces patient’s tiredness
• to control depression, insomnia, worry, • barbiturates
Antidepressan anxiety, panic (sleeping pill)
t • tranquillisers
(cool emotion)
Antipsychotic • to treat part of the symptoms of psychotic • reserpine
Drugs illness • chloropromazine
The Side Effect Of Medicine
MEDICINES/EXAMPLES SIDE EFFECT
Aspirin • stomach bleeding
• stomach ulcers
• asthma attack
Antipsychotic drug • gain weight
• some are addictive
• headaches
• high rate of heart beat
Amphetamine • addictive drug if used for a
long time
• aggressiveness
• insomnia
Barbiturate • addictive drug if used for a
long time
• cause death
penicillin • allergic
• cause coma
The Correct Usage of Medicine
• only take medicines that are prescribed by certified doctors
• All antibiotics prescribed by the doctor must m=be
completely consumed

6. • Do not take medicines that have been kept for too long
• Do not take more than the prescribed dosage
• See a doctor instantly if allergy develops after consuming
the prescribed medicine