NAASO October 2006
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The document discusses a study examining the physiological and behavioral correlates of baseline stages of change in a health program called the Health Plus Challenge for employees of the Polk County School District. The study found that stage of change for weight management was weakly correlated with exercise frequency and total health risk appraisal score. Stage of change for weight management was moderately correlated with other stages of change for diet, exercise, and stress. Biometric measures like BMI and body fat, as well as health risk appraisal scores, were poor predictors of stage of change for weight management.
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![Physiological and Behavioral Correlates of Baseline Stages of Change in the Health Plus Challenge Program. Robert C. Lowe, MA Polk County School Board, Winter Haven, Florida The prevalence of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease in our Polk County School District (PCSD) population is higher than the national averages. The health care costs for these employees, retirees, and dependents are substantially higher than for the balance of the insured. The Health Plus Challenge program (HPC) was developed in response to double-digit inflation in health care costs for the (PCSD) employees. A two-year pilot project demonstrated a reduction in the health care costs related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Lowe, 2005). Increased body mass index (BMI) may lead to increased risk for both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a primary goal of the HPC program was to decrease the risk for these diseases through reduction in BMI through screenings, counseling, and education. We hypothesized that BMI would be correlated to Stages of Change for Weight Management as well as other physiological and behavioral factors at baseline. Introduction Purpose Methods Biometric and Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) data was collected on 1532 HPC participants (mean age 47 ±12 years and mean BMI of 32 ±6 ). Pearson correlation coefficients were generated for each variable. Multiple regression was utilized to develop the best subset of variables related to the prediction of Stages of Change for Weight Management. Significance was set at the p < 0.05 level. Conclusions These results suggest that no meaningful relationship between BMI and Stage of Change for Weight Management is present in our obese population of PCSB employees. Stage of Change for Weight Management is weakly related to exercise frequency and HRA total score. Stage of Change for Weight Management is, however, moderately related to other Stages of Change for Diet and Nutrition, Exercise, and Stress. Biometric and HRA scores were poor predictors of Stages of Change for Weight Management. Taken together these results suggest that other measures such as one-on-one counseling, risk factor modification education, print and electronic mailings, and PCSB district-wide programs may play an important role in determining body composition. - For further information please contact: Robert Lowe, M.A., FAACVPR [email_address] Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ABCs of Health 1348 1348 1348 1171 1307 1304 1348 N 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 p (2-tailed) -0.17 -0.05 0.19 0.55 0.69 0.76 0.24 Pearson Correlation Stage of Change - Weight Management Body Fat BMI HRA total score Stage of Change - Stress Stage of Change - Exercise Stage of Change - Diet & Nutrition Exercise Frequency per week Table 1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/naaso-october-2006-1227742302138566-9/85/NAASO-October-2006-1-320.jpg)
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Articolo sulla crescita esponenziale (tendenza? moda? ritorno alle origini?) del pellegrinaggio. Pubblicato nel saggio "Turismo Sociale" a cura di Giuseppe Magistrali
De victoria en_victoria_-_harold_caballeros
Este documento presenta un resumen de un libro sobre la guerra espiritual. La introducción describe el propósito del libro de presentar una perspectiva equilibrada y práctica de la guerra espiritual desde la experiencia de pastorear una iglesia local. El libro está dividido en dos secciones, la primera cubre los fundamentos bíblicos del tema y la segunda cómo se lleva a cabo la guerra espiritual. El prólogo y el prefacio recomiendan el libro y destacan la importancia del tema.
Mama analysis
The document is an analysis of the trailer for the film "Mama." It provides timestamps and descriptions of various shots and scenes from the trailer to analyze the filmmaking techniques used to build tension and convey the plot. Key moments analyzed include establishing shots of the setting, changes in music to suggest something ominous is about to happen, diegetic sounds of characters and animals to create an unsettling atmosphere, and cuts between the young girl and shadowy figures or the "monster" to build suspense throughout the trailer.
Social Media: The Ultimate Guide to Facebook Pages
This beginners guide will go over Facebook page(s). We will walk you through step by step, the use of Facebook's many functions and cover all the basics from posting, scheduling posts, uploading images and more.
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Nexteppe is an automotive retail marketing resource for all categories of automotive dealers. We use online marketing strategies to help U.S. auto dealers increase profits in every aspect of their business. We are a close-knit group of dedicated employees, inventive leaders, and talented minds who work together to deliver an all-encompassing service to our customers.
Deconstruction of Opening Scequence of Devil
The trailer for the film Devil begins with the words "ON AN ORDINARY DAY" displayed upside down, creating a sense of disorientation. It then introduces the first character, a woman walking into a building who appears to work in an office based on her appearance and signing in with security, suggesting she is middle class. When she touches the security guard's arm, it implies she knows him well enough to have physical contact.
Costumes
The costume for the character Jacob in the music video was designed to look like modern, high-street clothes typical of a middle-class student. It consists primarily of blue items like jeans and a jumper to match the water and rain themes in the video, despite the song being called "Summer Song". The grey jumper breaks up the blue colors and fits current fashion trends. Jeans were also included because they are universally recognizable as common high-street clothing.
Fuente de alimentación
El documento describe diferentes tipos de fuentes de alimentación eléctrica, incluyendo fuentes de alimentación lineales y conmutadas. Las fuentes lineales convierten la corriente alterna en continua usando un transformador, rectificador y regulador de tensión, mientras que las fuentes conmutadas usan transistores operando a alta frecuencia para proporcionar mayor eficiencia y menor tamaño. El documento también cubre especificaciones clave como el rendimiento y factor de potencia, así como fuentes de alimentación controladas por transistores y fuentes variables de frecuencia.
Нутритивне забезпечення дітей раннього віку в Україні
Нутритивне забезпечення дітей раннього віку в УкраїніАсоціація педіатрів-гастроентерологів та нутриціологів України
Д.мед.н. Івахненко О.С., проф. Няньковський С.Л.Photoshoot 2photoshoot Plan
The document provides shooting details for photos of a Nikola Mimic model, including shot types, angles, distances, lighting, backgrounds, positioning on screen, and potential editing details. Two long shots of the model leaning against a wall from a distance are outlined, one with a plain white or brick background under natural daylight, and another with a brick wall and blue door under natural daylight, both taking up the entire right side of the display panel. Minor blemishes, unwanted posters, dirt, and cigarettes may need editing.
Evaluation question 6 fo j
I have learned about various technologies from constructing this product. I used websites like Blogger and Prezi to document our progress and embed documents. Software like Sony Vegas and Photoshop were challenging to learn but became easier with practice. Equipment such as cameras and microphones required getting used to but then became straightforward to use. Overall, the process taught me about both easy and difficult technologies and the importance of practice.
Indie
The document discusses the target audience and content for an indie music magazine called "INDEX". The target audience is people aged 16-21 who are interested in popular indie artists and festivals/tours. The magazine will feature articles on indie artists like A Great Big World and The Lumineers. It will also include album reviews, upcoming festival and tour dates to keep readers informed of live music events.
Slide meio-ambiente-derlon
O documento discute a relação entre educação, meio ambiente e sociedade. Ele define meio ambiente e destaca os conflitos causados quando a natureza é vista apenas como fonte de recursos, sem considerar os impactos ambientais. Também aborda a desigualdade social produzida quando as atividades econômicas distribuem as pessoas de forma desigual no território.
Music Video Storyboard
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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Le vie dello spirito. Sociologia del pellegrinaggio contemporaneo
Le vie dello spirito. Sociologia del pellegrinaggio contemporaneo
Social Media: The Ultimate Guide to Facebook Pages
Social Media: The Ultimate Guide to Facebook Pages
Нутритивне забезпечення дітей раннього віку в Україні
Нутритивне забезпечення дітей раннього віку в Україні
Similar to NAASO October 2006
The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and mainting
This document discusses the role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance. It finds that:
1) Unless overall exercise volume is very high, clinically significant weight loss is unlikely from exercise alone and will be highly variable between individuals.
2) Exercise has an important role in preventing weight regain after initial weight loss. Aerobic exercise consistent with public health guidelines may result in modest average weight loss of around 2 kg.
3) Clinicians should educate patients on reasonable weight loss expectations based on their physical activity program and emphasize the many health benefits of exercise regardless of weight loss.
NAASO 2007 Abstract 2
The document describes a study that compared the effectiveness of a novel in-house intensive weight loss program (LOSE PLUS) to a commercial weight loss program (LOSE Too) for class III obese school employees. Eighty participants were randomly assigned to one of the two programs. Both programs included goal setting and weekly sessions for 6 months, with the option of weight loss medications after 16 weeks. While the dropout rate was higher for LOSE Too, both programs produced similar weight loss outcomes at 6 months. However, both programs were effective at reducing risks for diabetes and heart disease. The results suggest that behavioral intervention programs can effectively produce short-term weight loss for those who are severely obese. Further long-term study is recommended.
Welch Final Poster
This study examined how weight loss affects resting metabolic rate and its relationship to lean muscle mass and fitness levels in obese adults. Obese men and women were placed on a very low calorie diet and exercise program to lose 15% of their body weight over 3 months. Their resting metabolic rate, body composition via DXA scan, and fitness via VO2 max test were measured at baseline and after weight loss. The results found that resting metabolic rate, lean mass, and fitness all decreased with weight loss. While resting metabolic rate was positively correlated with lean mass at both timepoints, the changes in each were not correlated, suggesting other factors also influence changes in resting metabolic rate with weight loss.
Relationship of body mass index, fat and visceral fat among adolescents
In the present study the researcher studied out the correlation of Body mass index, Fat and visceral fat
among adolescents. Data was statically analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Multi
Correlation Coefficient was used (PPMCC). It was find out that body mass index was significantly
correlated with fat and visceral fat and on the other hand fat was also significantly correlated with
visceral fat among adolescents.
Menezes, 2012 - An Optimal Method for Measuring Body Fat in Overweight Indivi...
This study compared two methods for measuring body fat percentage in overweight individuals - skinfold thickness (SF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 85 overweight or obese adults and elderly patients were evaluated. The percentage of body fat estimated by SF was significantly higher than BIA, but a moderate correlation and strong concordance was observed between the two methods. Both SF and BIA showed significant correlations with BMI and waist circumference, but BIA had stronger correlations. The study concluded that while the methods produced different estimates, they provided similar classifications of individuals. BIA also had better correlation with anthropometric indicators, suggesting it may be a preferable method for measuring body fat in clinical practice.
Lipid_Profile_Changes_in_the_Severly_Obese_After_Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
This study examined changes in lipid profiles in severely obese patients up to 5 years after undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The study found that while average lipid levels were within normal ranges before surgery, 77% of patients had at least one abnormal lipid level. At 1 year post-surgery, triglycerides decreased and HDL increased significantly. At 3 years, HDL levels remained significantly higher than baseline levels. Weight loss correlated with decreases in LDL at 3 years and triglycerides at 5 years. However, the percentage of patients with dyslipidemia or taking medication for it did not significantly change over the 5-year period.
PHSU practicum poster
This study assessed the impact of a care coordination program called livingwell CARES (LWC) on health outcomes for diabetic patients. Key findings include:
1) Patients in the LWC program experienced decreases over time in blood pressure, body mass index, LDL cholesterol, and HbA1c levels compared to the control group, indicating improved health.
2) There was a statistically significant difference in reduced diastolic blood pressure between the LWC and control groups.
3) Patients reported high satisfaction rates with the LWC program and its positive impact on their health.
metrics_game_paper
This document summarizes a study that aims to improve an existing econometric model for estimating the causal impact of obesity on medical costs. The authors successfully replicate the original study's two-part model, which uses the BMI of a respondent's oldest child as an instrumental variable. They then make several modifications, including expanding the sample period, adding control variables for health status and insurance, and investigating potential time heterogeneity. The results suggest that the original study may have overestimated obesity's effect, with the marginal cost of obesity decreasing from $3,297 to $1,956 after controlling for additional health factors.
Community ProblemThe community issue addressed is the high preva.docx
Community Problem
The community issue addressed is the high prevalence rates of obesity and overweight. In this regard, the challenge is comprehensive, owing to categorizing the aspect as a lifestyle condition. Subsequently, other factors, such as nutrition, inadequate physical exercise, and sedentary lives contribute to the issue. The problem is significant, owing to substantial correlations between obesity, overweight, and other comorbidities. The implication is that obesity is a risk factor for other illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, and other issues. In such a case, programs and initiatives implemented to reduce prevalence should be adequate. Accurate evaluation is critical in attaining the best outcomes, including follow-up, adherence, and addressing elements that require a change to meet emerging needs.
Structure
The evaluation structure follows a pre-and post-intervention approach. In this regard, the emphasis is on the initiatives and their ability to meet the set goals. According to the CDC (2016), obesity evaluation measures often employ baseline data to compare progress at the post-implementation phase. In this regard, the structure entails collecting baseline data of the metrics, such as BMI, waistline, and weight, among other anthropometric factors. After the intervention, such as a community education program sensitizing users on the risk factors associated with obesity and overweight, the evaluation will compare the baseline measures to assess any progress. To illustrate, evaluating how the BMI changed after a participant implements recommended steps will help determine efficacy. As a result, the suggested structure focuses on a pre-and post-intervention approach.
Process
The evaluation process will be goal-based. Subsequently, the procedure will focus on specific objectives determined by the set metrics. According to Seral-Cortes et al. (2021), an effective evaluation process should emphasize knowing the goals and project outcomes, testing them against set results. Additionally, precise objectives and measurable data are also vital in promoting an effective process of assessment. Other components or steps incorporate using a logic model to describe the intervention or program, formulating the project's acceptability criteria, and developing required questions. In the proposed process, a goal-based method will apply. Subsequently, post-intervention, goals will be formulated or indicators of success, such as reducing the prevalence levels by 25% in the first three months. Behavioral changes, including nutritional awareness assessed by selecting at least three healthy diets after four weeks of community education, will be helpful.
Outcome Standards
The outcomes will focus on behavior and prevalence levels in the long-term from the example of community education and awareness. As described, after three months, disease prevalence at the community level will reduce by 25%. Additionally, behavioral.
Community ProblemThe community issue addressed is the high preva.docx
The document discusses evaluating a community program aimed at addressing high rates of obesity and overweight. It describes the evaluation structure as using a pre-and post-intervention approach to collect baseline data on metrics like BMI before the program and compare to post-program. The evaluation process will focus on specific, measurable goals set in advance. Outcome standards will focus on reducing prevalence levels, improving behaviors like exercise and nutrition, and decreasing BMI and weight.
Obesity and It’s Mental Effect on Family Members of Obese Patients: A Case Re...
Obesity and It’s Mental Effect on Family Members of Obese Patients: A Case Re...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Obesity and It’s Mental Effect on Family Members of Obese Patients: A Case Report by Rashmi Jain in Food Science JournalPIIS2212267214015895
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of two community-based weight loss strategies among 207 obese, low-income Latinos in the US over 24 months. The strategies included case management alone or with additional support from community health workers. Both interventions were compared to usual care. At 6 months, those receiving case management plus community health worker support lost more weight on average compared to the other groups. However, by 12 and 24 months the differences between groups narrowed and were no longer statistically significant. Men achieved greater weight loss than women in all groups at each time point. The study demonstrated that community health workers may help promote initial weight loss, especially among men, but not long-term weight maintenance.
Worksite Wellness
This document discusses employer uncertainty regarding implementing worksite wellness programs. While employees spend most of their time at work, making it a sensible place to promote health, many employers are reluctant to establish wellness programs. This reluctance stems from factors like perceived costs, views of obesity as a personal issue, and concerns about recouping investments. However, research shows wellness programs can reduce absenteeism and healthcare costs associated with obesity-related diseases. Both large employers and employees generally support wellness programs more than small employers. Further investigation is still needed to fully understand employer uncertainties around the value of worksite wellness initiatives.
Dietary Strategies for Weight Loss Maintenance
Weight regain after a successful weight loss intervention is very common. Most studies
show that, on average, the weight loss attained during a weight loss intervention period is not
or is not fully maintained during follow-up. We review what is currently known about dietary
strategies for weight loss maintenance, focusing on nutrient composition by means of a systematic
review and meta-analysis of studies and discuss other potential strategies that have not been studied
so far. Twenty-one studies with 2875 participants who were overweight or obese are included in
this systematic review and meta-analysis
Atividade física e epidemiologia - Definições e conceitos
This document defines key concepts and study designs used in physical activity epidemiology. It discusses how physical activity is defined and measured, including subjective questionnaires and objective monitors. Observational study designs like cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective cohort studies are described, as well as experimental designs like randomized clinical trials. Assessment of physical fitness components like cardiovascular fitness is also covered.
WTP-2015-Obesity
1) 95% of participants in a two-year weight loss study were willing to pay for continued lifestyle intervention, with a median monthly amount of $45, similar to commercial programs.
2) Black participants were willing to pay more ($65/month) than non-Black participants. Weight loss success did not impact willingness to pay.
3) The order that payment options were presented influenced willingness to pay amounts, with lower initial options yielding lower reported maximum payments.
Perspectives in Public Health-2011-Lloyd-177-83
This study evaluated a commercial weight loss program commissioned by the NHS in Dorset, UK. The program offered 12 free weekly sessions at Slimming World or Weight Watchers. Of the 2,456 participants referred, almost half (44%) lost over 5% of their initial body weight at 12 weeks. Those who attended more sessions ("completers") lost significantly more weight on average (6.1 kg) than dropouts (2.2 kg). The study found that predictors of successful weight loss (over 5% of initial weight) included being older, male, initially in obese class I, and attending more meetings. The study aimed to identify factors influencing weight loss in commercial programs to inform future commissioning.
Effectiveness of health coaching on diabetic patients:A systematic review and...
Abstract
Background: Using health coaching to improve the quality of life and health outcomes of the patients with
diabetes mellitus, has emerged as a possible intervention. However, the few published randomized controlled trials
using health coaching for patients with diabetes mellitus have reported mixed results. The present meta-analysis
aimed to determine the effectiveness of health coaching on modifying health status and quality of life among
diabetic patients and to clarify the characteristics of coaching delivery that make it most effective. Methods: This
study searched for articles on randomized controlled trials of health coaching interventions targeting type 2 diabetic
patients that were published in the English language from January 2005 through December 2018 in the Cochrane,
Medline, PubMed, Trip, and Embase databases. Patients in the control group received usual diabetes mellitus care,
and those in the experimental group received health coaching based on usual diabetes mellitus care. The primary
outcomes included Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including systolic blood
pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and body weight. The secondary outcomes included quality of life,
self-efficacy, self-care skills, and psychological outcomes. Results: Health coaching intervention has a significant
effect on HbA1c [mean difference (MD) = -0.35, confidence interval (CI) = -0.47, -0.22, I2 = 83%, P < 0.001] and
HDL-C (MD = -0.50, CI = -0.93, -0.07, I2 = 10%, P = 0.02). The most effective strategy for health coaching
delivery associated with improvement of HbA1c was decreasing the number of sessions and increasing the duration
of each session. However, no significant difference was found for weight, SBP, diastolic blood pressure,
triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or total cholesterol. Mixed results were reported for the effect of
health coaching on quality of life, self-efficacy, self-care skills, and depressive symptoms outcome. Conclusion:
Health coaching intervention has a significant effect on HbA1c and HDL-C, and the most effective strategy is
decreasing the number of sessions while increasing session duration. However, these results should be interpreted
with caution as the evidence comes from studies at some risk of bias with considerable heterogeneity and
imprecision.
Healthy Food Accessibility and Obesity: Case Study of Pennsylvania, USA
Abstract-Obesity is a continuing challenge for any town, city or country faced with this problem. Being obese increases your risk of physical disorders such as high blood pressure (BP), high blood cholesterol, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer and poor reproductive health. Higher obesity rates also leads to increased economic burden on society. In order to better understand and control obesity rates the in uence of various factors on its prevalence should be investigated. We used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models to analyze spatial relationships using a combination of socio-economic and physical factor for counties in Pennsylvania (PA), USA for 2010. Our ndings suggest that the rate of obesity is impacted by local spatial variation and its prevalence positively correlated with diabetes, physical inactivity and the distance that a person must travel to get to a healthy food store. Additionally, GWR (AICc = 261.59; r-squared = 0.45) was found to signi cantly improve model tting over OLS (AICc = 299.87; r-squared = 0.34). These results indicate that additional factors, including social, cultural and behavioral, are needed to better explain the distribution of obesity rates across PA.
Exercise as an intervention to reduce blood lipids and choloesterol levels
Exercise as an intervention to reduce blood lipids and choloesterol levelsBond University HSM Faculty
This study examined the effects of different exercise programs on blood lipids and cholesterol levels. 111 sedentary subjects with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to a control group or one of three exercise groups that varied in intensity (high vs moderate) and amount (high vs low) of weekly exercise. The results showed that exercise significantly reduced small LDL particles and increased average LDL size compared to the control group. The high amount, high intensity group showed the most significant improvement in HDL cholesterol concentration. Overall, the study found that a higher amount of exercise was more beneficial than a lower amount or no exercise for improving lipid profile, though the optimal intensity remains unclear.Similar to NAASO October 2006 (20)
The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and mainting
The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and mainting
Relationship of body mass index, fat and visceral fat among adolescents
Relationship of body mass index, fat and visceral fat among adolescents
Menezes, 2012 - An Optimal Method for Measuring Body Fat in Overweight Indivi...
Menezes, 2012 - An Optimal Method for Measuring Body Fat in Overweight Indivi...
Lipid_Profile_Changes_in_the_Severly_Obese_After_Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Lipid_Profile_Changes_in_the_Severly_Obese_After_Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Community ProblemThe community issue addressed is the high preva.docx
Community ProblemThe community issue addressed is the high preva.docx
Community ProblemThe community issue addressed is the high preva.docx
Community ProblemThe community issue addressed is the high preva.docx
Obesity and It’s Mental Effect on Family Members of Obese Patients: A Case Re...
Obesity and It’s Mental Effect on Family Members of Obese Patients: A Case Re...
Atividade física e epidemiologia - Definições e conceitos
Atividade física e epidemiologia - Definições e conceitos
Effectiveness of health coaching on diabetic patients:A systematic review and...
Effectiveness of health coaching on diabetic patients:A systematic review and...
Healthy Food Accessibility and Obesity: Case Study of Pennsylvania, USA
Healthy Food Accessibility and Obesity: Case Study of Pennsylvania, USA
Exercise as an intervention to reduce blood lipids and choloesterol levels
Exercise as an intervention to reduce blood lipids and choloesterol levels
More from Robert Lowe
AHA NPAM EPI 2009 Abstract
A comprehensive wellness program was provided to school employees over two years that included health screenings, counseling, and educational interventions. Screenings of over 1,700 employees found improvements in cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and glucose levels after two screenings. The program cost $1.3 million but resulted in $2.3-3.1 million in healthcare cost savings, providing a return on investment of $1.72-$2.31 for every dollar spent. The results suggest such wellness programs can lower disease risk for employees while being cost effective.
AHA NPAM EPI 2007 Abstract
The study explored the relationship between metabolic syndrome risk factors, the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), and 10-year coronary heart disease risk (CHDR) in 73 extremely obese individuals. Triglycerides best predicted FRS, but the model fit was poor. A model including HDL, triglycerides, and waist circumference best predicted CHDR, accounting for slightly over half the variance. However, neither model was able to fully explain the variance, suggesting metabolic syndrome variables alone are not sufficient to accurately predict 10-year risk of myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease.
AACVPR 2002
The document presents a study that compares the accuracy of common clinical treadmill and arm ergometry equations in estimating oxygen consumption for males with coronary artery disease. Fifteen males with coronary artery disease underwent graded exercise tests on a treadmill and arm ergometer. Their measured oxygen consumption was compared to estimated values derived from popular estimation equations. The study found that the Bruce Cardiac Max equation provided the most accurate estimation of maximal oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise, while other equations over- or underestimated values.
NAASO October 2003
The study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and coronary revascularization (CR) in 86 post-cardiac rehabilitation patients over 3.8 years on average. Discriminant function analysis revealed that only time since rehabilitation and diastolic blood pressure significantly predicted whether patients received CR, but not BMI, total cholesterol, or systolic blood pressure. The results suggest BMI may not be an important factor in predicting if post-cardiac rehab patients receive further CR procedures.
NAASO 2005 Power Point
This study conducted a two-year intervention program aimed at reducing risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease among employees. It found favorable shifts in biometrics after two years for most modifiable risk factors. The pilot group had average yearly health claims costs that were $613 and $498 lower than other employees, translating to savings of over $1 million each year. The results suggest the targeted intervention programs were effective at reaching goals of reducing risk factors and healthcare costs.
NAASO 2007 Abstract 1
This study compared two equations, the Mifflin-St. Jeor (MSJ) equation and the de Luis equation, for predicting resting energy expenditure (REE) in class III obese individuals against measurements from indirect calorimetry. The study found that while both equations were correlated with measured REE, only the MSJ equation was significantly different. The de Luis equation may therefore be more accurate for predicting REE in class III obese individuals when indirect calorimetry is not available. The study measured height, weight, and waist circumference in 40 class III obese subjects to calculate predicted REE using the two equations and compare to REE measured via indirect calorimetry.
ACSM 2005
This study examined the effects of low and high intensity endurance exercise training on the apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1 ratio in 26 hypercholesterolemic men over 24 weeks. The men were randomly assigned to either high intensity (80% maximal oxygen uptake) or moderate intensity (50% maximal oxygen uptake) exercise training three days per week. The apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1 ratio did not significantly change from baseline in either group over the 24 weeks. While exercise training did not alter this risk ratio, the ratios for both groups exceeded the recommended level of 0.5 or less, suggesting an elevated risk of myocardial infarction.
AACVPR 2002 Presentation
1) The study examined the validity of an equation to predict VO2 max using self-reported exercise frequency for elderly cardiac patients by comparing it to three other VO2 max prediction equations.
2) The results found the predicted VO2 max was similar to two equations but significantly overestimated VO2 max compared to the most accurate equation for cardiac patients.
3) Due to the overestimation and issues with self-reported exercise frequency, the validity of using the prediction equation in elderly cardiac patients requires further study.
AACVPR 2002
Twenty-four elderly cardiac patients were asked about their weekly vigorous exercise to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) using an equation from Ainsworth et al. This predicted VO2max was compared to values from three other equations from Milani et al. No differences in males and females were found. The predicted VO2max and values from two equations overestimated VO2max compared to the most accurate equation for cardiac patients from Milani et al. This suggests the validity of using the Ainsworth equation to predict VO2max in elderly cardiac patients requires further study due to potential overestimation compared to measured values.
AACVPR 2006
This study examined waist-to-tallness ratio (WTR) as a marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in 887 adults. The results found that both male and female WTR met or exceeded proposed cut-off points suggesting increased CVD risk, despite waist circumference being below thresholds. Males had higher BMI, blood pressure, and WTR than females. Additionally, WTR alone may not adequately predict overall CVD risk, and gender differences should be considered in primary prevention programs to reduce CVD risk.
AACVPR 2006
This study examined waist-to-tallness ratio (WTR) as a marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in 887 adults. Both males and females were found to have increased CVD risk based on previous WTR cut-off points, despite waist circumference being below current cut-offs. Male WTR was greater than the cut-off point and associated with higher BMI, blood pressure, whereas female WTR equaled the cut-off point. The results suggest WTR alone may not adequately predict overall CVD risk and that gender differences should be considered in prevention strategies.
AACVPR 2000
The document summarizes a study that examined changes in physical activity levels following an intensive cardiac risk intervention program. The study found that (1) physical activity, moderate activity, and high intensity activity all increased significantly after the 12-week program, but (2) began declining again by the 6-month and 1-year follow-ups, with high intensity activity declining more rapidly than moderate activity. (3) The results suggest it is important for exercise prescriptions for cardiac patients to consider the type of physical activity, whether high or moderate intensity, to help maintain compliance long-term.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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