The document provides information about using native plants for habitat restoration and conservation landscaping in Maryland's Coastal Plain region. It discusses why native plants should be used, as they are adapted to the local environment and provide food and habitat for wildlife. The Coastal Plain region has a variety of habitats from coastal dunes to forests. The document provides guidance on selecting plants based on their light, moisture, and soil requirements to match the site conditions. It also recommends designing plantings to mimic natural plant communities and provide year-round resources for wildlife. Sources for purchasing native plants are listed.
Gardening with Native Plants - Michigan State UniversityRetiz16x
This document discusses the benefits of gardening with native plants. It begins by explaining what defines a plant as native - being adapted to the climate, soil, and ecosystem of a specific region. While exotic plants were traditionally preferred, there is a growing movement toward using native species which are well-adapted without inputs. Native plants face threats including habitat loss, invasive species, and illegal harvesting. The document encourages gardeners to help native plants by growing them and allowing them to thrive without excessive care or chemicals.
AR: Replanting with Native Trees and ShrubsSotirakou964
The document discusses the benefits of replanting native tree and shrub species in Northwest Arkansas after an ice storm damaged many non-native trees. It argues that planting native species supports local ecosystems and biodiversity better than non-natives. Non-native species can outcompete natives and degrade habitats over time. The document encourages selecting native species for landscaping that are best suited to the local environment and provide food and shelter for native wildlife.
Here are 3 sentences summarizing the key points from the document:
The document provides homeowners with easy backyard conservation practices they can implement, including composting, identifying beneficial and harmful insects, integrated pest management techniques, and planting native species. Most of the ideas are simple to adopt and can help protect the environment, support wildlife, and beautify properties. The publication includes tips, instructions, and resources on various topics to help homeowners develop conservation plans for their backyards.
This document provides information about landscaping with native plants. It discusses that native plants are plants that existed in an area prior to European settlement. Native plants are beneficial as they flourish with little care, provide wildlife habitat and food, and connect people to the history of the local region. The document provides examples of native plants for Illinois, such as purple coneflower, and discusses considerations for planting such as soil type, sun exposure, and attracting wildlife. It offers guidance on planning, selecting, planting and maintaining native plant gardens.
The document provides details about several gardens located at the Chicago Botanical Garden, including the Heritage Garden, Rose Garden, English Walled Garden, Bonsai Collection, and Japanese Garden. The Heritage Garden demonstrates historical plant classification and includes a sculpture of Carolus Linnaeus. The Rose Garden features over 150 rose varieties across three acres. The Japanese Garden called Sansho-En spans three islands and incorporates traditional Japanese garden elements like pine trees, dry gardens, and stone lanterns.
Wetlands are diverse habitats that are often defined by their plant life. They provide important ecosystem services like flood control and water purification. They support a wide variety of plant and animal life, including cattails, red-winged blackbirds, great blue herons, and muskrats. Wetlands are valuable for both wildlife and people.
This document summarizes a presentation by Ryan Wersal on alligatorweed, an invasive aquatic plant species. It discusses alligatorweed's origins in South America and impacts as a nuisance species worldwide. The presentation describes alligatorweed's identification features, habitat, distribution in the US, ecological impacts including reduced water quality and access, and management methods such as biological control using beetles or moths and chemical control with herbicides. Contact information is provided for Ryan Wersal as an expert on alligatorweed management.
Gardening with Native Plants - Michigan State UniversityRetiz16x
This document discusses the benefits of gardening with native plants. It begins by explaining what defines a plant as native - being adapted to the climate, soil, and ecosystem of a specific region. While exotic plants were traditionally preferred, there is a growing movement toward using native species which are well-adapted without inputs. Native plants face threats including habitat loss, invasive species, and illegal harvesting. The document encourages gardeners to help native plants by growing them and allowing them to thrive without excessive care or chemicals.
AR: Replanting with Native Trees and ShrubsSotirakou964
The document discusses the benefits of replanting native tree and shrub species in Northwest Arkansas after an ice storm damaged many non-native trees. It argues that planting native species supports local ecosystems and biodiversity better than non-natives. Non-native species can outcompete natives and degrade habitats over time. The document encourages selecting native species for landscaping that are best suited to the local environment and provide food and shelter for native wildlife.
Here are 3 sentences summarizing the key points from the document:
The document provides homeowners with easy backyard conservation practices they can implement, including composting, identifying beneficial and harmful insects, integrated pest management techniques, and planting native species. Most of the ideas are simple to adopt and can help protect the environment, support wildlife, and beautify properties. The publication includes tips, instructions, and resources on various topics to help homeowners develop conservation plans for their backyards.
This document provides information about landscaping with native plants. It discusses that native plants are plants that existed in an area prior to European settlement. Native plants are beneficial as they flourish with little care, provide wildlife habitat and food, and connect people to the history of the local region. The document provides examples of native plants for Illinois, such as purple coneflower, and discusses considerations for planting such as soil type, sun exposure, and attracting wildlife. It offers guidance on planning, selecting, planting and maintaining native plant gardens.
The document provides details about several gardens located at the Chicago Botanical Garden, including the Heritage Garden, Rose Garden, English Walled Garden, Bonsai Collection, and Japanese Garden. The Heritage Garden demonstrates historical plant classification and includes a sculpture of Carolus Linnaeus. The Rose Garden features over 150 rose varieties across three acres. The Japanese Garden called Sansho-En spans three islands and incorporates traditional Japanese garden elements like pine trees, dry gardens, and stone lanterns.
Wetlands are diverse habitats that are often defined by their plant life. They provide important ecosystem services like flood control and water purification. They support a wide variety of plant and animal life, including cattails, red-winged blackbirds, great blue herons, and muskrats. Wetlands are valuable for both wildlife and people.
This document summarizes a presentation by Ryan Wersal on alligatorweed, an invasive aquatic plant species. It discusses alligatorweed's origins in South America and impacts as a nuisance species worldwide. The presentation describes alligatorweed's identification features, habitat, distribution in the US, ecological impacts including reduced water quality and access, and management methods such as biological control using beetles or moths and chemical control with herbicides. Contact information is provided for Ryan Wersal as an expert on alligatorweed management.
The document provides an itinerary for a tour of South Florida gardens taking place from October 12-16, 2011. The tour will include visits to Kampong Gardens, Montgomery Botanical Center, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fruit & Spice Park, R.F. Orchids, Everglades National Park, Vizcaya Museum & Gardens, Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park, and Naples Botanical Garden. The itinerary provides details on locations, activities, and directors/managers for each stop on the tour.
How to Use Native Plants for Landscaping and Restoration in MinnesotaMinnesotaNativePlant
Native plants are well-suited for landscaping and restoration in Minnesota because they are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. A healthy, diverse ecosystem with native plant communities provides many benefits like preventing erosion, reducing flooding, and storing carbon. When using native plants for projects, it is important to use locally-sourced seeds and plants to maintain the local gene pool and ensure plants can flower and set seed. Basic instructions are provided, emphasizing gaining knowledge of the site conditions and native plant communities, using plants suited for the site, and allowing time for establishment.
Specialty Lettuce and Greens: Organic ProductionElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses organic production of specialty lettuces and greens. It begins by defining specialty and gourmet lettuces and explaining the growth in consumer interest in these crops in the late 1980s. However, as production increased to meet demand, prices declined significantly. The document then discusses organic production of specialty crops and varieties of lettuces and greens that may be grown. It provides details on soil preparation, propagation, and cultural practices for organic production of these crops.
Marshes are located near bodies of water and provide many benefits. They are distinguished by grasses, reeds, and sedges rather than large trees. Marshes help control floods, purify water, and are home to many species of amphibians, birds, and mammals. Common plant life includes sedges, sphagnum moss, grasses, and cattails. Soil is dredged from shipping channels and spread over marsh areas to help rebuild them.
Miss Campolongo's Period 6: Inland Wetlandjcampolongo
Inland wetlands include bogs, marshes, swamps and fens and provide unique habitats for plants and animals. They can be found throughout the US in states like Connecticut, Texas, California, Arizona and Colorado. Wetlands are important because they provide habitat for birds, amphibians, reptiles and other wildlife, help filter runoff, and were home to early life on Earth. Efforts to save wetlands include supporting local protection, reducing fertilizer use, and creating new wetlands.
The document provides information for seed collection, propagation, and species profiles to support restoration efforts at Chollas Creek, including detailing two proposed methods for sowing seeds, listing potential suppliers, and outlining a budget-friendly approach of seeding dominant coastal sage scrub species to initiate restoration and discourage non-native plants. Species profiles provide details on seed collection and processing for over 20 plant species found at the restoration site.
The document provides information for seed collection, propagation, and species profiles to support restoration efforts at Chollas Creek, including detailing two proposed methods for sowing seeds, listing potential suppliers, and outlining a budget-friendly approach of seeding dominant coastal sage scrub species to initiate restoration and discourage non-native plants. Species profiles provide details on seed collection and processing for over 20 plant species found at the restoration site.
Blair Frantz - SFS Field Guide - Australia FINALBlair Frantz
The document summarizes the work of Trees for the Evelyn and Atherton Tablelands (TREAT), a community-based tree planting group in Queensland, Australia. TREAT was founded in 1982 to encourage planting of native rainforest trees and has since planted over 500,000 trees. Their work focuses on restoring degraded lands and creating wildlife corridors. The document also describes Peterson Creek, where TREAT has worked since 1998 to establish a corridor connecting two isolated forest patches by planting over 89,000 trees along the creek.
Landscaping with Native Plants of MontanaFarica46m
This document provides information on using native plants for landscaping in Montana. It defines native plants as those that evolved naturally in a specific region. Reasons to use native plants include that they are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, less invasive than exotic species, promote a sense of place, and provide habitat and food for local wildlife. The document provides tips on getting started with native landscaping including soil preparation, planting from seed or plants, collection guidelines, and planting times. It recommends avoiding exotic invasive species and noxious weeds. Lists of recommended native plant species for the region are included.
The document discusses the benefits of using native plants in gardening and landscaping. It notes that native plants are adapted to the local environment, require less maintenance, and provide habitat and benefits for wildlife. It then describes several demonstration gardens in Pittsfield Charter Township that showcase the use of native plants, including butterfly, prairie, rain, and bog gardens. The gardens provide examples of different native plant communities and seasons of interest. The document encourages community involvement in ongoing native plant projects.
The document discusses deserts and desertification. It notes that dry lands cover 40% of the Earth's surface and over 110 countries are at risk from increasing desertification. The document also discusses plants and animals that have adapted to survive in desert conditions, such as camels that can go long periods without water. It mentions that some desert animals are endangered, and refugees in Kenya's northeastern desert are living in makeshift shelters.
The document discusses deserts and desertification. It notes that dry lands cover 40% of the Earth's surface and over 110 countries are at risk from increasing desertification. The document also discusses plants and animals that have adapted to survive in desert conditions, such as camels that can go long periods without water. It mentions that some desert animals are endangered, and refugees in Kenya's northeastern desert are living in makeshift shelters.
The document discusses different types of wetland ecosystems, including marine/saltwater wetlands and freshwater wetlands. It describes key characteristics of different wetland types such as marshes, swamps, and bogs, including dominant vegetation, hydrology, and examples from locations in Delaware and Maine. The document also briefly discusses mangrove forests and questions to consider about the importance of wetlands.
The Warren Wilson Native Grasses Project aims to replace lawns with native grasses and wildflowers to reduce maintenance needs and help the local ecosystem. They are working with the US Forest Service to propagate and grow 11 species of native plants for restoration. Students at Warren Wilson College help tend these plants and replace exotic landscaping with native options, creating habitats for wildlife. The environmental and practical benefits of using native plants include eliminating pollution from mowers, providing habitat, and creating aesthetic beauty with less maintenance.
This document summarizes a study on barriers to seedling regeneration in fire-damaged tropical peatlands in Brunei Darussalam. The study found that [1] competition from ferns and grasses, [2] lack of available seeds due to fire destruction, and [3] limited seed dispersal due to few resources attracting dispersers like birds and mammals were the main factors inhibiting natural regeneration. Controlling ferns and grasses through weeding, planting trees to attract dispersers, and applying assisted natural regeneration techniques can help overcome these barriers and accelerate the recovery of the native plant communities.
The document discusses the preservation of endangered marine plants and animals. It provides information on 9 endangered species studied by a group of students, including the Galapagos kelp, Asian surfgrass, waterwheel plant, Johnson's seagrass, gharial, gray whale, loggerhead sea turtle, finless porpoise, and bluefin tuna. For each species, it summarizes their habitat, threats facing the species, and conservation importance. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of the Endangered Species Act in preventing extinctions that could have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems.
LA: Attracting Wildlife with Native PlantsSotirakou964
1) The document discusses using native plants in urban areas to create wildlife habitat and reconnect fragmented natural areas.
2) Native plants are recommended because they provide food and shelter for local wildlife through evolutionary relationships, whereas exotic plants may not support wildlife needs and could become invasive.
3) To attract the most wildlife, gardens should include a variety of native plants that provide food, habitat, and water for animals throughout different seasons.
This document provides details about the Rainbow Valley Agricultural Cooperative's 216-acre property in Denton County, Texas, which they manage for open space and wildlife. The property contains a mix of habitats including tall grass prairie and riparian woodland. Current and planned management activities focus on habitat restoration and protection of native plants and animals, including conducting controlled burns, removing invasive species, and monitoring wildlife. Lists of observed amphibian, mammal, and bird species demonstrate the biodiversity supported by the property.
Fort Collins Native Plants - Fort Collins, ColoradoEric851q
This document provides information about native plant species that are commercially available for landscaping in Fort Collins, Colorado. It discusses the benefits of using native plants, which are already adapted to the local climate and require less water and maintenance than non-native species. It also provides tables listing over 50 native tree, shrub, grass, and wildflower species with details on their characteristics and habitat zones. The document aims to educate homeowners on selecting low-water plants that will provide food and habitat for local wildlife.
Freshwater inland wetlands can be found in various climates and locations around the globe as long as temperatures are moderate and there is sufficient precipitation. They contain diverse vegetation including mosses, trees, shrubs, grasses and aquatic plants. A variety of animal species inhabit wetlands such as birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians and insects. However, wetlands are increasingly threatened by development which drains and fills these important habitats that store water, filter runoff and provide breeding grounds for wildlife.
The document discusses wildlife habitat management and conservation. It begins by defining wildlife and wildlife management. Wildlife management aims to manipulate habitat to improve conditions for wildlife through practices like conservation. The document outlines different habitat types including biomes, stages of habitat succession, and the basic requirements of food, cover, water and space for wildlife. It provides examples of management practices that can be used for small areas of habitat, such as vegetation management, creating clearings, thinning areas, establishing food plots, providing water sources, and using carefully planned fires. The goal of habitat management is to provide for both specific wildlife species and species diversity.
The document provides an itinerary for a tour of South Florida gardens taking place from October 12-16, 2011. The tour will include visits to Kampong Gardens, Montgomery Botanical Center, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fruit & Spice Park, R.F. Orchids, Everglades National Park, Vizcaya Museum & Gardens, Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park, and Naples Botanical Garden. The itinerary provides details on locations, activities, and directors/managers for each stop on the tour.
How to Use Native Plants for Landscaping and Restoration in MinnesotaMinnesotaNativePlant
Native plants are well-suited for landscaping and restoration in Minnesota because they are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. A healthy, diverse ecosystem with native plant communities provides many benefits like preventing erosion, reducing flooding, and storing carbon. When using native plants for projects, it is important to use locally-sourced seeds and plants to maintain the local gene pool and ensure plants can flower and set seed. Basic instructions are provided, emphasizing gaining knowledge of the site conditions and native plant communities, using plants suited for the site, and allowing time for establishment.
Specialty Lettuce and Greens: Organic ProductionElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses organic production of specialty lettuces and greens. It begins by defining specialty and gourmet lettuces and explaining the growth in consumer interest in these crops in the late 1980s. However, as production increased to meet demand, prices declined significantly. The document then discusses organic production of specialty crops and varieties of lettuces and greens that may be grown. It provides details on soil preparation, propagation, and cultural practices for organic production of these crops.
Marshes are located near bodies of water and provide many benefits. They are distinguished by grasses, reeds, and sedges rather than large trees. Marshes help control floods, purify water, and are home to many species of amphibians, birds, and mammals. Common plant life includes sedges, sphagnum moss, grasses, and cattails. Soil is dredged from shipping channels and spread over marsh areas to help rebuild them.
Miss Campolongo's Period 6: Inland Wetlandjcampolongo
Inland wetlands include bogs, marshes, swamps and fens and provide unique habitats for plants and animals. They can be found throughout the US in states like Connecticut, Texas, California, Arizona and Colorado. Wetlands are important because they provide habitat for birds, amphibians, reptiles and other wildlife, help filter runoff, and were home to early life on Earth. Efforts to save wetlands include supporting local protection, reducing fertilizer use, and creating new wetlands.
The document provides information for seed collection, propagation, and species profiles to support restoration efforts at Chollas Creek, including detailing two proposed methods for sowing seeds, listing potential suppliers, and outlining a budget-friendly approach of seeding dominant coastal sage scrub species to initiate restoration and discourage non-native plants. Species profiles provide details on seed collection and processing for over 20 plant species found at the restoration site.
The document provides information for seed collection, propagation, and species profiles to support restoration efforts at Chollas Creek, including detailing two proposed methods for sowing seeds, listing potential suppliers, and outlining a budget-friendly approach of seeding dominant coastal sage scrub species to initiate restoration and discourage non-native plants. Species profiles provide details on seed collection and processing for over 20 plant species found at the restoration site.
Blair Frantz - SFS Field Guide - Australia FINALBlair Frantz
The document summarizes the work of Trees for the Evelyn and Atherton Tablelands (TREAT), a community-based tree planting group in Queensland, Australia. TREAT was founded in 1982 to encourage planting of native rainforest trees and has since planted over 500,000 trees. Their work focuses on restoring degraded lands and creating wildlife corridors. The document also describes Peterson Creek, where TREAT has worked since 1998 to establish a corridor connecting two isolated forest patches by planting over 89,000 trees along the creek.
Landscaping with Native Plants of MontanaFarica46m
This document provides information on using native plants for landscaping in Montana. It defines native plants as those that evolved naturally in a specific region. Reasons to use native plants include that they are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, less invasive than exotic species, promote a sense of place, and provide habitat and food for local wildlife. The document provides tips on getting started with native landscaping including soil preparation, planting from seed or plants, collection guidelines, and planting times. It recommends avoiding exotic invasive species and noxious weeds. Lists of recommended native plant species for the region are included.
The document discusses the benefits of using native plants in gardening and landscaping. It notes that native plants are adapted to the local environment, require less maintenance, and provide habitat and benefits for wildlife. It then describes several demonstration gardens in Pittsfield Charter Township that showcase the use of native plants, including butterfly, prairie, rain, and bog gardens. The gardens provide examples of different native plant communities and seasons of interest. The document encourages community involvement in ongoing native plant projects.
The document discusses deserts and desertification. It notes that dry lands cover 40% of the Earth's surface and over 110 countries are at risk from increasing desertification. The document also discusses plants and animals that have adapted to survive in desert conditions, such as camels that can go long periods without water. It mentions that some desert animals are endangered, and refugees in Kenya's northeastern desert are living in makeshift shelters.
The document discusses deserts and desertification. It notes that dry lands cover 40% of the Earth's surface and over 110 countries are at risk from increasing desertification. The document also discusses plants and animals that have adapted to survive in desert conditions, such as camels that can go long periods without water. It mentions that some desert animals are endangered, and refugees in Kenya's northeastern desert are living in makeshift shelters.
The document discusses different types of wetland ecosystems, including marine/saltwater wetlands and freshwater wetlands. It describes key characteristics of different wetland types such as marshes, swamps, and bogs, including dominant vegetation, hydrology, and examples from locations in Delaware and Maine. The document also briefly discusses mangrove forests and questions to consider about the importance of wetlands.
The Warren Wilson Native Grasses Project aims to replace lawns with native grasses and wildflowers to reduce maintenance needs and help the local ecosystem. They are working with the US Forest Service to propagate and grow 11 species of native plants for restoration. Students at Warren Wilson College help tend these plants and replace exotic landscaping with native options, creating habitats for wildlife. The environmental and practical benefits of using native plants include eliminating pollution from mowers, providing habitat, and creating aesthetic beauty with less maintenance.
This document summarizes a study on barriers to seedling regeneration in fire-damaged tropical peatlands in Brunei Darussalam. The study found that [1] competition from ferns and grasses, [2] lack of available seeds due to fire destruction, and [3] limited seed dispersal due to few resources attracting dispersers like birds and mammals were the main factors inhibiting natural regeneration. Controlling ferns and grasses through weeding, planting trees to attract dispersers, and applying assisted natural regeneration techniques can help overcome these barriers and accelerate the recovery of the native plant communities.
The document discusses the preservation of endangered marine plants and animals. It provides information on 9 endangered species studied by a group of students, including the Galapagos kelp, Asian surfgrass, waterwheel plant, Johnson's seagrass, gharial, gray whale, loggerhead sea turtle, finless porpoise, and bluefin tuna. For each species, it summarizes their habitat, threats facing the species, and conservation importance. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of the Endangered Species Act in preventing extinctions that could have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems.
LA: Attracting Wildlife with Native PlantsSotirakou964
1) The document discusses using native plants in urban areas to create wildlife habitat and reconnect fragmented natural areas.
2) Native plants are recommended because they provide food and shelter for local wildlife through evolutionary relationships, whereas exotic plants may not support wildlife needs and could become invasive.
3) To attract the most wildlife, gardens should include a variety of native plants that provide food, habitat, and water for animals throughout different seasons.
This document provides details about the Rainbow Valley Agricultural Cooperative's 216-acre property in Denton County, Texas, which they manage for open space and wildlife. The property contains a mix of habitats including tall grass prairie and riparian woodland. Current and planned management activities focus on habitat restoration and protection of native plants and animals, including conducting controlled burns, removing invasive species, and monitoring wildlife. Lists of observed amphibian, mammal, and bird species demonstrate the biodiversity supported by the property.
Fort Collins Native Plants - Fort Collins, ColoradoEric851q
This document provides information about native plant species that are commercially available for landscaping in Fort Collins, Colorado. It discusses the benefits of using native plants, which are already adapted to the local climate and require less water and maintenance than non-native species. It also provides tables listing over 50 native tree, shrub, grass, and wildflower species with details on their characteristics and habitat zones. The document aims to educate homeowners on selecting low-water plants that will provide food and habitat for local wildlife.
Freshwater inland wetlands can be found in various climates and locations around the globe as long as temperatures are moderate and there is sufficient precipitation. They contain diverse vegetation including mosses, trees, shrubs, grasses and aquatic plants. A variety of animal species inhabit wetlands such as birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians and insects. However, wetlands are increasingly threatened by development which drains and fills these important habitats that store water, filter runoff and provide breeding grounds for wildlife.
The document discusses wildlife habitat management and conservation. It begins by defining wildlife and wildlife management. Wildlife management aims to manipulate habitat to improve conditions for wildlife through practices like conservation. The document outlines different habitat types including biomes, stages of habitat succession, and the basic requirements of food, cover, water and space for wildlife. It provides examples of management practices that can be used for small areas of habitat, such as vegetation management, creating clearings, thinning areas, establishing food plots, providing water sources, and using carefully planned fires. The goal of habitat management is to provide for both specific wildlife species and species diversity.
Here are some potential ways to be a wetland hero:
- Organize a community cleanup day to remove litter from a local wetland
- Create educational materials or host presentations to teach others about the importance of wetlands
- Survey wetland plants and animals to track populations and identify needs for protection or restoration
- Plant native wetland vegetation to improve habitat for wildlife
- Petition local officials to enact laws protecting wetlands from development or pollution
- Raise funds for wetland conservation organizations to support their important work
Wildlife and Watershed Friendly Residential Landscape Useful Web Service
The document provides details on projects completed at a demonstration property to make the residential landscape more wildlife and watershed friendly in central Indiana. Two rain gardens were installed to capture runoff. Native trees, shrubs, and prairie plants were planted for wildlife habitat and to replace ash trees threatened by emerald ash borer. An organic vegetable garden and compost system were added. The lawn was cared for organically with compost tea and top dressing to reduce runoff impacts.
Sustainability&Urban Ecology Training overview smTania Homayoun
The document provides information from a training on urban ecology and sustainability. It discusses topics that will be covered in sessions on winter, spring, and summer, including migratory bird habitat, wetlands, prairies, invasive species management, and landscaping for wildlife. Specific sessions will focus on the ecology of the Great Trinity Forest and Blackland Prairie ecoregion, as well as management practices and considerations for different seasons. Reference materials are also listed.
FL: Creating Wildlife Habitat with Native Freshwater Wetland PlantsSotirakou964
This document provides guidance on choosing and planting native freshwater wetland plants in created habitats like ponds and reservoirs. It discusses how native plants are better adapted to local conditions, require less maintenance, and provide superior habitat and food for wildlife. The document categorizes wetland plants based on their growth patterns and water depth tolerances. It emphasizes the importance of site selection and preparation, including determining water levels and depth zones, before selecting and planting appropriate native wetland species. The overall goal is to enhance wildlife habitat and ecological functions through establishing self-sustaining native plant communities.
"When trees burn, they leave the smell of heartbreak in the air."
Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world. Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate web, to maintain balance and support life. Biodiversity supports everything in nature that we need to survive: food, clean water, medicine, and shelter.
PHILIPPINE DIVERSITY
Introduction
Classification of Biodiversity
Classification of Organisms
Why Study Biodiversity
3 Kingdom of Classification
Reports on the Number of Species in the World and in the Philippines
Number of Species of Plants and Fungi in the Philippines
Number of Species per Animal Group in the Philippines
Endangered and Threatened Species
Ecosystem Diversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Schoolyard Habitats: How to Guide - Part 2, Gardening for Wildlife
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For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Each part of the United States has at least one ecological crisi.docxbrownliecarmella
Each part of the United States has at least one ecological crisis based on location, biome, and industrialization pattern. For example, the Midwest was once a prairie with very fertile soil. However, when people realized that with the right watering and drainage system this area could become productive farmland, there arose ecological problems. The conversion of the prairie to farmland is the root cause of many ecological problems in this region.
Regardless of what biome you consider, humans have likely had an impact on the ecology of that area.
For this assignment, identify the biome in which you live
. The following are a few examples of biomes:
Tropical rainforests: This biome has high average temperatures, high moisture levels, and high species diversity.
Prairies: The prairies have grassland-variable temperatures, variable moisture levels—depending on proximity to mountain ranges—and are mainly dominated by grasses and ungulate herbivores.
Deserts: These biomes have hotter average temperatures, low moisture, lower species diversity, and a composition of species limited mainly to those that are adapted to hot temperatures.
Temperate forests: The temperate forests have variable temperatures, high moisture levels, and higher species diversity.
Taigas: These biomes have colder average temperatures, lower moisture levels, and lower species diversity.
Tundras: The tundras have cold average temperatures, low moisture levels, and low species diversity.
Coral reefs: These biomes have high average temperatures and high species diversity.
Open oceans: These biomes have a wide range of temperatures and species diversity varies.
Chaparrals: The chaparrals have higher average temperatures, lower moisture levels, and are dominated mainly by grasses and shrubs.
Alpines: These biomes have low average temperatures, low precipitation, and receive high ultraviolet (UV) rays due to high elevation.
Using the Internet, respond to the following
:
Explain how humans have impacted the biome in which you live
(GA)
. List the types of environmental damage that have been caused and the species that have been impacted.
Describe the major pollution issues for your biome, and elaborate on the sources of this pollution.
List any species that have become extinct in this biome.
Support your statements with appropriate examples and scholarly references.
Write your initial response in approximately 300–350 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
Basicly write about the polution in Georgia,US. and mention an animal that went exstinct. 300 words. 24hrs
.
This document provides information about ecosystems. It begins by defining an ecosystem as a community of living organisms interacting with their environment. It then describes the main components of ecosystems, including producers, consumers, and decomposers.
It classifies ecosystems into two main types - terrestrial and aquatic. Terrestrial ecosystems discussed include forests, deserts, grasslands, and mountains. Forest ecosystems are described in more detail. Aquatic ecosystems include marine, freshwater, and wetlands.
The document also covers food chains and webs, and ecological pyramids including pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy. Finally, it introduces the topic of environmental pollution, which will be covered in more depth in the next unit.
Landscaping with Native Plants of South Central MontanaFarica46m
This document provides an introduction to using native plants for landscaping in south central Montana. It discusses the benefits of native plants, including that they are well-adapted to the local climate and soil, less invasive than exotic species, help celebrate the natural heritage and biodiversity of the region, and provide food and habitat for wildlife. The document also includes recommendations on specific native plant species suitable for the area and resources for learning more about native landscaping.
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity HotspotThe government o.docxmaxinesmith73660
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot
The government of Mahandar wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts on the island. The government has two goals: 1) to protect the overall biodiversity and sustainability of the island ecosystem, and 2) to protect the endemic primates that live in the forests on the island. The endangered primates are unique and very sensitive to habitat changes. This puts them at a higher risk of extinction. The primates have also become a well-known attraction for ecotourists from around the world. The government has enough funds to fully support conservation at only one of four forest areas being considered for conservation. You are a member of the conservation team that will advise the government as to which area should get full conservation support.
Instructions: Examine the map of the island and the primate evolutionary tree, and read (carefully) the descriptions of the 4 possible conservation areas on the following pages. Use this information to complete questions 1-4.
1. Examine the map of the island (attached), with the 4 proposed conservation sites.
a. Does the shape of the proposed conservation area matter? Which area(s) are shaped in a desirable way? Which areas are shaped in a detrimental way? Explain.
b. Does the size of the proposed conservation area matter? Explain.
2. Carefully examine the phylogenetic tree for the primates of Mahandar (attached).
a. What is the number of the node that represents the most recent common ancestor for all of the primates collectively living in each of the four areas.
b. Which forest area displays the least variation in its primates? Explain how you determined this.
c. Which forest area displays the most variation in its primates? Explain how you determined this.
d. If the government of Mahandar is trying to preserve the biodiversity of the primates, do it matter which forest is conserved? Explain your answer.
3. Read the descriptions of the 4 proposed conservation areas (attached). Use that information to completely fill out the following chart.
Forest area
Environmental
benefit if conserved
Economic
benefit if conserved
Trade-offs (“cons”) of
Conserving the area
Mangrove Forest
Tropical Forest North
Tropical Forest South
Cloud Forest
4. Based on all the information you have, which forest area do you think should be conserved? Explain your reasoning. (Note: there is no one correct answer to this question, which means your explanation of the reasoning is extremely important to the scoring of your answer!)
The island of Mahandar
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mahandarian Primates
Below is a phylogenetic tree for the primates on Mahandar. The tree shows evolutionary data for primate taxa that are endemic to the island. Use this picture to answer question 2.
Four Possible Conservation Areas
1. Mangrove Forest
land area to be conserved (%)
7
number of endemic species in the area
14
number of endemic sp.
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Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Maryland Coastal Plain
1. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Native Plants
for Wildlife Habitat
and Conservation Landscaping
Maryland: Coastal Plain
photo credit: USFWS
May 2001
2. ABOUT THIS PLANT LIST
This list provides information about native plants that can be used for
habitat restoration and natural or environmentally beneficial landscaping
projects such as BayScapes. All of the plants listed occur naturally in
Maryland. Plants are grouped by plant type, then listed alphabetically by
Latin name. This is not intended as a complete list of plants native to
Maryland. Rather, plants have been included because they have both
ornamental and wildlife value, and are generally available for sale.
WHY USE NATIVE PLANTS?
Native or indigenous plants naturally occur in the region in which they
evolved. They are adapted to local soil, rainfall and temperature
conditions, and have developed natural defenses to many insects and
diseases. Because of these traits, native plants will grow with minimal use
of water, fertilizers, and pesticides. Wildlife species evolve with plants;
therefore, they use native plant communities as their habitat. Using native
plants helps preserve the balance and beauty of natural ecosystems.
TREASURED NATURAL RESOURCES
Maryland's landscape includes a wide range of natural communities,
physiographic provinces, and natural features. Here, one can find both
southern and northern ecosystems in close proximity. From the cypress
swamps, barrier islands, and Delmarva bays of the Eastern Shore; to the
rolling hills, stream valleys, and hardwood forests of the Piedmont plateau;
to the mountain boreal bogs, caves, and limestone woods to the west,
Maryland offers a diversity of habitats that support an impressive variety of
species.
Rich in plants and animals, Maryland harbors some species with
extremely limited ranges -- the nationally endangered dwarf wedge
mussel and Delmarva fox squirrel find refuge within our borders, along
with rare subterranean invertebrates, beach-loving beetles, and
uncommon shale barren plants, like Kate's- mountain clover. When early
colonists first explored this part of the New World, they found an
abundance of wildlife, including elk, wolves, bison, and prairie-chickens.
Today, these species are gone from Maryland and many more have
declined. Much of our natural heritage is now confined to small fragments
of the original wilderness.
As our population grows and land-use pressures intensify it is increasingly
important that we protect our vanishing species and remaining natural
areas, and restore or create habitat for the wildlife that remains.
Maryland’s wildlife, plants, habitats, and network of streams and rivers
that lead to the Chesapeake Bay hold tremendous resource potential, as
well as educational, recreational, aesthetic, and cultural values. By
working together, these treasures can be conserved for future
generations.
MARYLAND’S REGIONS AND HABITATS
From the sandy dunes of the coast to the rocky slopes of the mountains,
Maryland’s rich variety of habitats are strongly linked to its geology (see
map). For this guide, the state has been divided into three regions:
(1) the coastal plain, an area with a more southern climate in the eastern
part of the state, which includes the Chesapeake Bay’s eastern and
western shores, up to the fall line roughly represented by U.S. Route 1;
(2) the Piedmont plateau, which extends roughly from the fall line to
Frederick, MD; and (3) the mountain zone, a more northern climate,
which reaches from Frederick westward, above the 1500’ elevation level.
Some native plants are common throughout the state, while others are
adapted to the unique conditions found only in one or two regions.
3. This publication is part of a set of three brochures that feature lists of
species appropriate for planting in Maryland’s coastal plain, Piedmont
plateau, and mountain region. To help ensure successful landscaping
and restoration, use plants’ natural ranges to guide your plant selection.
For more complete plant information, request a copy of U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service’s new edition of Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat, a more
comprehensive guide to native plants for the full Chesapeake Bay
watershed (see references list in this brochure).
Wetland, forest, meadow, and thicket are just a few of Maryland’s
habitats, each of which is characterized by plants that have adapted to the
available growing conditions. Plants usually do best when placed in sites
with the same light, moisture, and soil conditions as their natural habitats.
GROWTH CONDITIONS
LIGHT The amount of sunlight a plant requires is defined as: (1) Full
sun (Su), the site is in direct sunlight for at least six hours a day during
the growing season; (2) Partial shade (PS), the site receives
approximately three to six hours of direct sunlight; and (3) Shade (Sh), the
site receives less than three hours of direct sunlight or filtered light.
MOISTURE The amount of soil moisture a plant requires is defined as:
(1) Wet (W), areas where the soil is saturated for much of the growing
season, except in droughts. Many of the plants designated for wet areas
tolerate specific ranges of water depths. Consult a wetland plant
specialist or reference book; (2) Moist (M), areas where the soil is damp,
and may be occasionally saturated (“average soil” has been included in
this category); and (3) Dry (D), areas where water does not remain after a
rain. The latter areas may be in full sun or in a windy location, on a steep
slope, or have sandy soil. Plants in this category are drought tolerant.
SOIL Many of the native plants listed will tolerate a range of soil types.
For best results, select plants suited to existing site conditions rather than
amending the soil. However, be aware that plant selection may be limited
if your site has very sandy soil, heavy clay, compacted soil, or extreme
soil pH (above 6.8 or below 5.5). In these cases, seek advice from a
nurseryman, horticulturist, botanist, Maryland Cooperative Extension, or
other expert.
4. DESIGNING A HABITAT
In addition to providing the growth conditions that native plants prefer in
the wild, it is also a good idea to try to re-create a natural habitat.
Consider using plants together as they grow in the wild (known as plant
communities). Arrange plants in groups or groves, providing several
layers of vegetation. Select plants that fruit or bloom during different times
of the year to provide food for wildlife year round. For more information
and assistance, particularly with large habitat projects, contact the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service,
county Soil Conservation District, Maryland Cooperative Extension, or
other natural resources agency or organization.
WHERE TO FIND NATIVE PLANTS
Most nurseries carry some native plants, and some nurseries specialize
and carry a greater selection. Some plants will be more readily available
than others will. If you have a favorite that you can’t obtain, be sure to ask
your local nursery to consider adding it to their stock. A list of native plant
nurseries in the Chesapeake Bay region is available from the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service Chesapeake Bay Field Office at
www.fws.gov/r5cbfo/bayscapes.htm.
Native plants should not be removed from the wild unless an area is about
to be developed. Even then, it is difficult to transplant wild-collected plants
and to duplicate their soil and other growth requirements in a home
garden. Plants that are grown from seed or cuttings by nurseries have a
much greater tolerance for garden conditions. Help to preserve natural
areas by purchasing plants that have been grown, not collected.
AVOID USING INVASIVE NON-NATIVE PLANTS
Non-native or exotic plants introduced from other parts of the world or
other parts of the country have degraded many natural ecosystems.
Although many non-native plants are considered beneficial and do not
escape into the natural environment, it is difficult for most gardeners to
know the risks of every ornamental plant. Some of these introduced
plants are invasive, meaning that there are few or no naturally occurring
measures such as insects or competitors to control them. Invasive plants
can spread rapidly and smother or out-compete native vegetation.
Ecosystems impacted by invasive, non-native plants have a reduced
ability to clean our air and water, stabilize the soil, buffer floods, and
provide wildlife food and shelter. Lists of non-native plants to avoid in
your landscape are available from the Maryland Native Plant Society,
Maryland DNR Heritage Program, or Plant Conservation Alliance (see
contact information in this brochure).
FOR MORE INFORMATION
There are many resources available that provide information on native
plants and natural landscaping. Walking in natural areas near your home
is a good way to see the plants in their native habitats, and to get ideas on
how to plant them in your landscape. Check libraries and bookstores for
field guides to native plants and wildlife in the Chesapeake Bay region.
You will also find books on how to create native plant landscapes.
Organizations such as the Maryland Native Plant Society and the Plant
Conservation Alliance publish newsletters and maintain Web sites.
Landscaping with native plants has become very popular, and you will be
joining many others in this effort to help preserve Maryland's natural
resources.
5. PLANTS NATIVE TO MARYLAND’S COASTAL PLAIN REGION
Soil Moisture: Sunlight: Flower Color (simplified, all shades):
W = wet Su = full sun B = brown R = red O = orange
M = moist PS = part shade W = white P = pink G = green
D = Dry Sh = full shade Y = yellow Pu = purple Bl = blue
* denotes evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage
Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
FERN / FERN ALLY
Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern l l 1-2’
Asplenium platyneuron ebony spleenwort l l l 1-1.5’ *
Athyrium asplenioides southern lady fern l l l 1.5-3’
Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern l l l l 1.5’
Dennstaedtia
hay-scented fern l l l l 1-3’
punctilobula
Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern l l l l 1-2’
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern l l l l l 2-3’
Osmunda regalis royal fern l l l l l 2-3’
Polystichum
acrostichoides
Christmas fern l l l 1.5-2’ *
Thelypteris
New York fern l l l l 1-2.5’
noveboracensis
Thelypteris palustris marsh fern l l l l 2-3’
Woodwardia areolata netted chain fern l l l 1-2’
Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain fern l l l l 4’
GRASS / GRASSLIKE
Andropogon virginicus broomsedge l l l 1-3’ Aug-Nov
Carex glaucodea or
blue wood sedge l l l 0.5-2' B-R Jun-Jul
C. flaccosperma
Carex pensylvanica sedge l l l 0.5-1.5’ R-W May-Jun
Carex stricta tussock sedge l l l l 1-3’ May-Aug
Chasmanthium latifolium wild oats, river oats l l 2-3’ Jul-Sep
Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye l l l 3-4.5’ Jun-Oct
Elymus hystrix
bottlebrush grass l l l l l 3’
(Hystrix patula)
Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye l l l l 1.5-5.5’ Jun-Oct
Panicum amarum coastal panic grass l l 1-3’
Panicum virgatum Virginia switchgrass l l l 3-6’ Jul-Oct
Schizachyrium
little bluestem l l l 4’ Aug-Oct
scoparium
Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass l l l 5-7’ Aug-Sep
Tripsacum dactyloides gama grass l l l l 6-9’
GROUNDCOVER
Asarum canadense wild ginger l l l <1’ B* Apr-May
Carex glaucodea or
blue wood sedge l l l 0.5-2' B-R Jun-Jul
C. flaccosperma
Carex pensylvanica sedge l l l 0.5-1.5’ R-W May-Jun
Chimaphila maculata striped wintergreen l l l <1’ W Jun-Aug
Chrysogonum
green-and-gold l l l <1’ Y Mar-Jun
virginianum
Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen l l l l <1’ W, P * Jun-Aug
Hepatica americana round-lobed hepatica l l l l <1’ W Mar-Jun
Opuntia humifusa eastern prickly-pear
l l <1’ Y Jun-Jul
(O. compressa) cactus
Maianthemum
Canada mayflower l l l <1’ W May-Jul
canadense
Mitchella repens partridgeberry l l l l <1’ W* Jul-Sep
Sedum ternatum mountain stonecrop l l l <1’ G-W * Apr
Uvularia sessilifolia straw lily l l l l <1’ Y May-Jun
HERBACEOUS
Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the -pul p it l l l l 1’ striped Apr-Jun
Asclepias incarnata swamp milk weed l l l 4’ P May-Jun
Asclepias syriaca common m i l k weed l l 6’ Pu Jun-Aug
Asclepias tuberosa butterflyweed l l l l 3’ O May-Jun
Aster laevis smooth blue aster l l 2-5’ Bl, Pu Aug-Oct
Aster novae-angliae New England aster l l l l to 6' Pu Sep-Oct
Aster novi-belgii New York aster l l l 3-4’ Bl, Pu Jul-Oct
Aster pilosus white heath aster l l l 3.5’ W Aug-Oct
Baptisia tinctoria wild indigo l l 3’ Y Jun-Sep
Caltha palustris marsh marigold l l l 1-2’ Y Apr-Jun
Chelone glabra white turtlehead l l l 3’ W Aug-Oct
Chrysogonum
green-and-gold l l l <1’ Y Mar-Jun
virginianum
Chrysopsis mariana Maryland golden aster l l l 0.5-2’ Y Aug-Oct
Cimicifuga racemosa black snakeroot l l 5’ W Jun-Jul
Coreopsis tinctoria tickseed sunflower l l l 1-3’ Y Jun-Sep
Desmodium paniculatum panicled tick-trefoil l l l 2-4’ Pu Jul-Sep
Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
6. Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
HERBACEOUS, continued
Eupatorium dubium Joe-Pye weed l l l l 4-7’ Pu Jul-Sep
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe-Pye weed l l l 1.5-6’ P Jul-Sep
Eupatorium hyssop-leaved
l l l l l 1-4’ W Aug-Oct
hyssopifolium thoroughwort
Eupatorium perfoliatum common boneset l l l l 3.5’ W Jul-Oct
green-stemmed Joe -
Eupatorium purpureum l l l 2-6’ P Jul-Sep
Pye weed
Eupatorium rugosum white snakeroot l l l 3.5’ W Jun-Aug
Helenium autumnale yellow sneezeweed l l l l 1.5-3’ Y Aug-Nov
Helianthus angustifolius swamp sunflower l l l 5’ Y Aug-Oct
Houstonia caerulea bluet, innocence l l l <1’ Bl, Pu, W Apr-Jun
Liatris graminifolia grass-leaf blazingstar l l l l 1-3’ Pu Sep-Oct
Liatris spicata gayfeather, blazingstar l l l 3' Pu Aug-Oct
Lilium superbum Turk’s cap lily l l l l 4-7’ Y, O, R Jul-Aug
Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower l l l l 3’ R Jul-Sep
Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot l l l l 1.5-5 P, Pu Jul-Aug
Monarda punctata horsemint l l 0.5-3’ Y-Pu Jun-Oct
narrow -leaved
Oenothera fruticosa l l l 2’ Y Jun-Sep
sundrops
Opuntia humifusa eastern prickly-pear
l l <1’ Y Jun-Jul
(O. compressa) cactus
Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple l l l 1’ W Apr-May
Polygonatum biflorum Solomon’s seal l l l l 0.5-2’ W May-Jun
Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan l l l l 2’ Y Jun-Oct
tall or green -headed
Rudbeckia laciniata l l l 1.5-9’ Y Jul-Sep
coneflower
Senna marilandica
Maryland wild senna l l 3-4’ Y Jul-Aug
(Cassia marilandica)
Silene caroliniana wild pink l l l l 0.5’ W, P * Apr-May
coastal blue-eyed
Sisyrinchium atlanticum l l l 0.5-2.5’ Bl, Pu May-Jul
grass
Sisyrinchium graminoides blue-eyed grass l l l l 0.5-1.5’ Bl, Pu Apr-Jun
Smilacina racemosa false Solomon’s seal l l l 2.5’ W May-Jul
blue-stemmed
Solidago caesia l l l l 1-3’ Y Aug-Oct
goldenrod
Solidago juncea early goldenrod l l l 1-4’ Y Jun-Oct
Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod l l l 0.5-3’ Y Jul-Nov
Solidago rugosa wrinkle leaf goldenrod l l l 1-6’ Y Aug-Oct
Solidago sempervirens seaside goldenrod l l l 6’ Y* Aug-Oct
Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage l l 1-3’ Mar-Apr
Thalictrum dioicum early meadow rue l l 2’ G, Pu Apr-May
Thalictrum polygamum tall meadow rue l l l l 3-6’ W Jun-Jul
Tiarella cordifolia foamflower l l l l 1’ W Apr-Jul
Tradescantia virginiana Virginia spiderwort l l l l 2-3’ Bl, Pu Apr-Jun
Trillium grandiflorum white trillium l l 1’ W Apr-Jun
Verbena h astata blue vervain l l l l 4’ Bl, Pu Jun-Oct
Vernonia
New York ironweed l l 4-8’ Pu Aug-Oct
noveboracensis
Viola pedata bird’s foot violet l l l <1’ Pu Mar-Jun
Yucca filamentosa Adam’s needle l l 2’ W Jun-Sep
HERBACEOUS EMERGENT (can grow with roots in water)
Acorus calamus sweet flag l l l l 2-3’ Y, W May-Jul
Hibiscus moscheutos rose mallow l l l l 3-6’ W, P Jul-Sep
Iris versicolor blue flag l l l l 3’ Bl, Pu May-Jun
Juncus canadensis Canada rush l l l l 1-3’
Juncus effusus soft rush l l l 2-3’ Jun-Sep
Kosteletskya virginica seashore mallow l l 1.5-4.5’ P Jul-Sep
Nuphar luteum spatterdock,
l l l 1’ Y May-Oct
(Nuphar advena) yellow water lily
Nymphaea odorata fragrant water lily l l <1’ W Jun-Sep
Osmunda regalis royal fern l l l l l 2-3’
Peltandra virginica arrow arum l l l to 2’ G-W Apr-Jul
Pontederia cordata pickerelweed l l l 3’ Pu Jun-Nov
Sagittaria latifolia duck potato l l 0.5-2’ W Jul-Oct
Saururus cernuus lizard’s tail l l l 1.5-4.5’ W Jun-Aug
Scirpus cyperinus woolgrass l l l l 3-4’ Aug-Sep
Scirpus pungens
common three-square l l 4’ Jun-Sep
(S. americanus)
salt marsh cordgrass
Spartina alterniflora l l l 2-5’ Jul-Sep
or smooth cordgrass
Spartina patens salt meadow hay l l l 1-3’ Jul-Sep
Typha angustifolia narrow -leaved cattail l l l 10’ Jun-Jul
Typha latifolia broad-leaved cattail l l l 5-7’ May-Jun
Zizania aquatica wild rice l l l 6-10’ Jun-Sep
Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
7. Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
SHRUB, low
Comptonia peregrina sweet fern l l l 3’ G Apr-May
strawberry bush, 1.5-
Euonymus americanus l l G May-Jun
hearts -a-bustin’ 6.5’
Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry l l l l 1.5’ W, P May-Jun
Gaylussacia frondosa dangleberry l l l l l 2-4’ G, Pu Apr-Jun
Hypericum densiflorum dense St. John's wort l l l l 1.5-6’ Y Jul-Sep
Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel l l l l l 2-5’ W, P, Pu * May-Jul
Lyonia mariana stagger-bush l l l 0.5-6.5’ W, P May-Jun
Prunus maritima beach plum l l l 1-8’ W Apr-May
Rhododendron
dwarf or coast azalea l l l 3-6’ W Apr-May
atlanticum
Rosa carolina pasture rose l l l l 0.5-3’ P May-Jun
Vaccinium vacillans early lowbush
l l l 1.5’ W, P Apr-May
(V. pallidum) blueberry
maple-leaved
Viburnum acerifolium l l l l 3-6.5’ W, P Apr-May
arrowwood
SHRUB, medium
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry l l l l 1.5-13’ W Mar-May
high-tide bush,
Baccharis halimifolia l l l to 10’ W Aug-Sep
groundsel tree
Callicarpa americana American beautyberry l l l 6’ Pu Jun-Aug
Cephalanthus
buttonbush l l l to 10’ W Jul-Aug
occidentalis
sweet pepperbush,
Clethra alnifolia l l l l 6-10’ W, P Jul-Sep
summersweet
Cornus amomum silky dogwood l l l 3-10’ W May-Jun
Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel l l l l 3-15’ Y Sep-Dec
Ilex glabra inkberry l l l 3-10’ W* May-Jun
Ilex laevigata winterberry l l l 10’ W May-Jul
tassel-white,
Itea virginica l l l l 3-10’ W May-Jun
Virginia sweetspire
Leucothoe racemosa fetterbush l l l 13’ W, P May-Jun
Lindera benzoin spicebush l l l 6.5-16’ Y Mar-May
Lyonia ligustrina male-berry l l l 1.5-10’ W May-Jul
wax myrtle,
Myrica cerifera l l l l 6-12’ G* Mar-Apr
southern bayberry
Myrica pensylvanica northern bayberry l l l l 8’ G Apr-May
Rhododendron pink azalea,
l l l 3-10’ P, W Apr-May
periclymenoides pinxterbloom
Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea l l l 6.5-10’ W, P May-Aug
sweet or smooth
Rhus glabra l l l 1.5-10’ G Jun-Jul
sumac
Rosa palustris swamp rose l l l l 8’ P Jul-Aug
Sambucus canadensis common elderberry l l l l l 6-12’ W Jun-Jul
Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry l l l l 6-12’ W, P Apr-May
Vaccinium stamineum deerber ry l l l 5-10’ W, Pu Apr-Jun
Viburnum dentatum
southern arrowwood l l l l 10’ W May-Jun
(V. recognitum)
Viburnum nudum naked witherod l l l 6.5-13’ W Apr-May
SHRUB, tall
Alnus serrulata smooth alder l l l 12-20’ Mar-Apr
Aralia spinosa Devil’s walking stick l l l 39’ W Jun-Aug
Ilex decidua possom haw l l l l 33’ W Apr-May
Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel l l l l l 10’ W, P * May-Jul
shining or winged
Rhus copallina l l l 20-30’ G-Y Jul-Aug
sumac
Rhus typhina staghorn sumac l l 33’ Y, G Jun-Jul
Viburnum prunifolium black haw l l l l 26’ W Apr-May
TREE, small/ medium (understory)
serviceberry,
Amelanchier canadensis l l l l 35-50’ W Apr-May
shadbush
Asimina triloba paw paw l l 39’ Y, R Mar-Apr
Castanea pumila chinquapin l l 12-20’ Y Jun
Cercis canadensis eastern redbud l l l l 20-35’ P, Pu Apr-May
Chionanthus virginicus white fringetree l l l l l 20-35’ W May-Jun
Cornus florida flowering dogwood l l l l 35-50’ W Apr-May
Crataegus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn l l l l 20-35’ W May-Jun
Crataegus viridis southern thorn l l l l 20-35’ W Apr
Ilex opaca American holly l l l 65’ W* May-Jun
Juniperus virginiana eastern red cedar l l l 50’ * Mar-Apr
Magnolia virginiana sweetbay magnolia l l l l l 30’ W* May-Jul
eastern hop -
Ostrya virginiana l l l 25-40’ R, B May
hornbeam, ironwood
Pyrus (Malus) angustifolia southern crabapple l l l 25’ Apr-May
Pyrus (Malus) coronaria sweet crabapple l l 20-26’ P Apr-May
Sassafras albidum sassafras l l l 35-50’ Y, G Apr-May
Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
8. Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
TREE, tall (canopy)
Acer negundo box elder l l l l 30-60’
Acer rubrum red maple l l l l 40-60’
Betula nigra river birch l l l l 30-50’
Carya alba
mockernut hickory l l l l 60-90’
(C. tomentosa)
Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory l l l 60-80’
Carya glabra pignut hickory l l l l l 60-80’
Carya ovata shagbark hickory l l 70-100’
Celtis occidentalis hackberry l l l l 40-60’
Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white cedar l l l l 75’ *
Diospyros virginiana common persimmon l l l l 50-75’
Fagus grandifolia American beech l l l 50-100’
Fraxinus americana white ash l l l 80’
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash l l l l 50-60’
Juglans nigra black walnut l l 70-90’
Liquidambar styraciflua sweet gum l l l l 60-80’
Liriodendron tulipifera tulip poplar l l l 70-120’
Morus rubra red mulberry l l 60’
Nyssa sylvatica black gum, sourgum l l l l l 30-60’
Pinus echinata shortleaf pine l l l 100’ *
Pinus rigida pitch pine l l 50-60’ *
Pinus taeda loblolly pine l l l 70-90’ *
Pinus virginiana Virginia pine l l l 50-80’ *
Platanus occidentalis American sycamore l l l l 75-100’
Prunus serotina black or wild cherry l l 40-60’
Quercus alba white oak l l 80-100’
Quercus bicolor swamp white oak l l l 60-70’
Quercus coccinea scarlet oak l l 40-60’
Quercus falcata southern red oak l l 70-80’
Quercus marilandica blackjack oak l l 50’
Quercus michauxii swamp chestnut oak l l l 60-80’
Quercus nigra water oak l l l l 50-80’
Quercus palustris pin oak l l 60-80’
Quercus phellos willow oak l l l l 80-100’
Quercus prinus
chestnut oak l l l 60-80’
(Q. montana)
Quercus rubra northern red oak l l l l 90’
Quercus stellata post oak l l 75’
Quercus velutina black oak l l l 50-60’
Robinia pseudoacacia black locust l l l 40-80’
Salix nigra black willow l l l l 40-80’
Taxodium distichum bald cypress l l l 50-70’
Tilia americana American basswood l l > 100’
Ulmus americana American elm l l 100’
VINE
Bignonia capreolata crossvine l l l l 30-45’ O, R, Y * May-Jun
Campsis radicans trumpet creeper l l 30’+ O Jul-Sep
Celastrus scandens American bittersweet l l l l to 45’ G May-Jun
Clematis virginiana virgin’s bower l l 6-12’ W Jul-Sep
10-
Lonicera sempervirens coral honeysuckle l l R* Apr-Jul
20’+
Parthenocissus
Virginia creeper l l l l l to 45’ G, W Jun-Aug
quinquefolia
passionflower,
Passiflora incarnata l l W, P Jun-Sep
maypops
Scientific Name Common Name W M D Su PS Sh Height Color Bloom
photo credit: Randy Loftus, USFWS
Blazingstar (Liatris spicata) is one of many species that attracts
birds and beneficial insects such as butterflies.
9. sample plant lists for Maryland’s coastal plain
Plants for Wet Sites, Wetlands, Ponds, and Wet Edges (partial to full sun)
Ferns: Shrubs:
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern low:
Osmunda regalis royal fern Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry
Thelypteris palustris marsh fern Gaylussacia frondosa dangleberry
Hypericum densiflorum dense St. John's wort
Grasses and Grasslike Plants: Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel ( evgr)
Carex stricta tussock sedge Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny blackberry
Festuca rubra red fescue (turf) medium:
Panicum virgatum Virginia switchgrass Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry
Tripsacum dactyloides gama grass Baccharis halimifolia high-tide bush
Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush
Herbaceous Plants: Ilex verticillata winterberry holly
Caltha palustris marsh marigold Itea virginica Virginia sweetspire
Eupatorium dubium Joe-Pye wee d Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea
Eupatorium perfoliatum common boneset Rosa palustris swamp rose
Helianthus angustifolius swamp sunflower Sambucus canadensis common elderberry
Liatris spicata blazingstar tall:
Lilium canadense Canada lily Alnus serrulata smooth alder
Lilium superbum Turk’s cap lily Magnolia virginiana sweetbay (see Trees)
Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower Viburnum prunifolium black haw viburnum
Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia
Oenothera fruticosa sundrops Trees, tall:
Senecio aureus golden ragwort Acer negundo box elder
Sisyrinchium atlanticum coastal blue-eyed grass Acer ruburm red maple
Solidago rugosa wrinkle leaf goldenrod Acer saccharinum silver maple
Verbena hastata blue vervain Betula nigra river birch
Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory
Herbaceous Emergents Carya glabra pignut hickory
(growing up out of water): Celtis occidentalis hackberry
Acorus calamus sweet flag Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash
Hibiscus moscheutos rose mallow Liquidambar styraciflua sweet gum
Iris versicolor blue flag iris Nyssa sylvatica black gum, sourgum
Juncus canadensis Canada rush Pinus taeda loblolly pine
Juncus effusus soft rush Platanus occidentalis American sycamore
Kosteletskya virginica seashore mallow Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood
Nuphar luteum (advena) yellow water lily Quercus bicolor swamp white oak
Nymphaea odorata fragrant water lily Quercus michauxii swamp chestnut oak
Osmunda regalis royal fern Quercus phellos willow oak
Peltandra virginica arrow arum Salix nigra black willow
Pontederia cordata pickerelweed
Sagittaria latifolia duck potato Salix sericea silky willow
Saururus cernuus lizard’s tail Taxodium distichum bald cypress
Scirpus cyperinus woolgrass
Scirpus pungens three-square Vine:
Spartina alterniflora salt marsh cordgrass Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper
Spartina patens salt meadow hay
Typha angustifolia narrow -leaved cattail
Typha latifolia broad-leaved cattail
Zizania aquatica wild rice
Plants for Dry Sun, Sunny Slopes, Meadows, Hedgerows, or Edges
Ferns: Shrubs:
Dennstaedtia punctilobula hay-scented fern low:
Gaylussacia frondosa dangleberry
Grasses or Grasslike Plants: Hypericum densiflorum dense St. John's wort
Andropogon virginicus broomsedge Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel (evrgrn)
Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye Rosa carolina pasture rose
Elymus hystrix bottlebrush grass Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaved arrowwood
Panicum amarum coastal panic grass medium:
Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry
Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel
Myrica cerifera wax myrtle (evrgrn)
Herbaceous Plants and Groundcovers: Rhus glabra smooth sumac
Asclepias syriaca common milkweed Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry
Asclepias tuberosa butterflyweed Viburnum dentatum southern arrowwood
Aster laevis smooth blue aster tall:
Aster novae-angliae New England aster Ilex decidua possom haw
Aster pilosus white heath aster Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel (evgr)
Baptisia tinctoria wild indigo Rhus copallina shining sumac
Chrysopsis mariana Maryland golden aster Rhus typhina staghorn sumac
Coreopsis tinctoria tickseed sunflower
Desmodium paniculatum panicled tick-trefoil Trees:
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe-Pye weed small/ medium:
Eupatorium hyssopifolium hyssop-lvd thoroughwort Chionanthus virginicus white fringetree
Liatris graminifolia grass-leaf blazingstar Crataegus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn
Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar (evgr)
Monarda punctata horsemint tall:
Opuntia humifusa prickly-pear cactus Carya glabra pignut hickory
Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan Diospyros virginiana common persimmon
Silene caroliniana wild pink Nyssa sylvatica black gum, sourgum
Sisyrinchium graminoides blue-eyed grass Pinus echinata shortleaf pine (evergr)
Solidago caesia blue-stem goldenrod Pinus rigida pitch pine (evergrn)
Solidago juncea early goldenrod Pinus virginiana Virginia pine (evergrn)
Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod Quercus prinus (montana) chestnut oak
Viola pedata bird's foot violet Quercus rubra northern red oak
Yucca filamentosa Adam's needle Quercus velutina black oak
Robinia pseudoacacia black locust
Vines:
Campsis radicans trumpet creeper
Clematis virginiana virgin's bower
Lonicera sempervirens coral honeysuckle
Passiflora incarnata passionflower, Maypops
10. Plants for Shade, Woodlands, or Woods Edges (dry to moist soil)
* designates plants for part shade (not for full shade)
Ferns: Shrubs:
Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern * low:
Asplenium platyneuron ebony spleenwort Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry
Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel (evgr) *
Dennstaedtia punctilobula hay-scented fern * Lyonia mariana stagger-bush
Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern (evgr) Rhododendron atlanticum coast azalea
Woodwardia areolata netted chain fern Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaved
arrowwood
Grasses and Grasslike Plants: medium:
Carex glaucodea blue wood sedge Callicarpa americana beautyberry
Carex pensylvanica sedge Clethra alnifolia sweet pepperbush
Chasmanthium latifolium wild (river) oats * Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel *
Elymus hystrix bottlebrush grass Leucothoe racemosa fetterbush
Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye Lindera benzoin spicebush *
Lyonia ligustrina male-berry
Groundcovers: Myrica cerifera wax myrtle (evergr) *
Asarum canadense wild ginger Myrica pensylvanica northern bayberry *
Carex glaucodea blue wood sedge Viburnum dentatum southern arrowwood *
Carex pensylvanica sedge tall:
Chimaphila maculata striped wintergreen Ilex decidua possom haw *
Chrysogonum virginianum green-and-gold * Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel (evgr)
Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen Rhus copallina shining sumac
Hepatica americana round-lobed hepatica
Maianthemum canadense Canada mayflower Trees:
Mitchella repens partridgeberry small/ medium:
Sedum ternatum mountain stonecrop Amelanchier canadensis serviceberry
Uvularia sessilifolia straw lily Castanea pumila Chinquapin *
Cercis canadensis eastern redbud
Herbaceous Plants: Chionanthus virginicus white fringetree
Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the -pulpit Cornus florida flowering dogwood
Chrysogonum virginianum green-and-gold * Crataegus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn *
Eupatorium hyssopifolium hyssop thoroughwort Magnolia virginiana sweetbay magnolia
Eupatorium rugosum white snakeroot * Ostrya virginiana hop-hornbeam
Helenium autumnale yellow sneezeweed Pyrus angustifolia southern crabapple
Houstonia caerulea bluet, innocence * Sassafras albidum sassafras *
Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot * tall:
Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple Carya alba (C. tomentosa) mockernut hickory
Polygonatum biflorum Solomon's seal Carya glabra pignut hickory
Senna marilandica Maryland wild senna* Diospyros virginiana common persimmon
Smilacina racemosa false Solomon’s seal Nyssa sylvatica black gum, sourgum
Thalictrum dioicum early meadow rue Quercus marilandica blackjack oak
Thalictrum polygamum tall meadow rue Quercus prinus (montana) chestnut oak
Tiarella cordifolia foamflower Quercus rubra northern red oak
Tradescantia virginiana Virginia spiderwort
Trillium grandiflorum white trillium Vines:
Viola pedata bird’s foot violet * Bignonia capreolata crossvine
Celastrus scandens American bittersweet
Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper
Evergreens for various sites
photo credit: Britt Slattery, USFWS
ferns, herbaceous plants and other
groundcovers
Asarum canadense wild ginger (semi-evgr)
Asplenium platyneuron ebony spleenwort
Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen
Mitchella repens partridgeberry
Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern
Sedum ternatum mountain stonecrop
Silene caroliniana wild pink
Solidago semprevirens seaside goldenrod
short shrubs (under 6’)
Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen
Ilex glabra inkberry Seed heads can be ornamental
Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel while providing wildlife food.
medium shrubs (to 15’ or more) New York ironweed (Vernonia
Magnolia virginiana sweetbay magnolia noveboracensis) is one example.
Myrica cerifera wax myrtle
tall shrubs and trees
Ilex opaca American holly
Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar
Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel
Pinus echinata shortleaf pine
Pinus rigida pitch pine
Pinus taeda loblolly pine
Pinus virginiana Virginia pine
vines
Bignonia capreolata crossvine
Lonicera semprevirens coral honeysuckle
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
Brown, Melvin L., Brown, Russell G. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland.
Port City Press, Baltimore, MD, 1984.
Brown, Melvin L., Brown, Russell G. Woody Plants of Maryland. Port City
Press, Baltimore, MD, 1984.
Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Stipes Publishing
Co., Champaign, Illinois, 1990.
Hightshoe, Gary L. Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Urban and Rural
America. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.
Martin, Alexander C., Zim, Herbert S., Nelson, Arnold L. American
Wildlife and Plants, A Guide to Wildlife Food Habits. Dover Publications,
Inc., New York, New York, 1951, reprinted 1961.
Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration, and Landscaping. Virginia
Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage,
203 Governor Street, Richmond, VA 23219, and Virginia Native Plant
Society, 1997.
Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat. Compiled by U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, et al., 1995. Revised edition
available 2001.
Native Plants of Prince George’s County, Maryland, 1997-1998. Maryland
National Capital Park and Planning Commission, Prince George’s County
Planning Department, 14741 Governor Oden Bowie Drive, Upper
Marlboro, MD, 20772, 1998.
Thompson, Louisa. Control of Invasive Non-Native Plants: A Guide for
Gardeners and Homeowners in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Maryland Native
Plant Society, 1998. See contact info
Thunhorst, Gwendolyn A. Wetland Planting Guide for the Northeastern
United States. Plants for Wetland Creation, Restoration, and
Enhancement. Environmental Concern Inc., St. Michael’s, MD, 1993.
photo credit: Britt Slattery, USFWS
Many trees and shrubs such as this serviceberry (Amelanchier
canadensis) provide early spring bloom as well as summer and fall fruits.
12. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Chesapeake Bay Field Office
177 Admiral Cochrane Drive
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
(410) 573-4500
www.fws.gov/r5cbfo
BayScapes Program, Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program (for private
lands), Schoolyard Habitats Program
Maryland Department of
Natural Resources
Wildlife and Heritage Division
Tawes State Office Building, E-1
580 Taylor Avenue
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
(410) 260-8540
www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife
Plant Conservation Alliance
1849 C St. NW, LSB-204
Washington, DC 20240
(202) 452-0392
plant@plantconservation.org
www.nps.gov/plants/
Adkins Arboretum
P.O. Box 100
Ridgely, Maryland 21660
(410) 634-2847
adkinsar@intercom.net
www.adkinsarboretum.org
with funding provided by
Chesapeake Bay Trust
60 West Street, Suite 200-A
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
(410) 974-2941
postmaster@cbtrust.org
www.chesapeakebaytrust.org
Maryland Native Plant Society
P. O. Box 4877
Silver Spring, Maryland 20914
MNPS@toad.net
www.mdflora.org
Thank you to volunteer Carol Jelich for compiling
plant information in this guide.