This document provides an overview of open source software including its definition, history, freedoms, development model, licenses, security considerations, and advantages/disadvantages. Open source software gives users the freedom to use, modify, and share the software. It originated in the 1980s with Richard Stallman's GNU project. There are various business models for open source including support/services. Popular licenses include the GPL, MPL, Apache, and BSD licenses which have different terms regarding modifications and redistribution. While open source is not inherently more secure, its transparency and community review can improve security.

1. DIAGNOSIS OVER NEW VENTUREOPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

2. Open SourceOpen SourceIt’s “impossible to avoid”

3. Open SourceBy 2011, 80% of allcommercial softwarewill contain open source code.

4. DEFINITIONOpen Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS) programs have licenses giving users the freedom:-to run the program for any purpose,-to study and modify the program, and-to freely redistribute copies of either the original or modified programNot non-commercial, not necessarily no-chargeOften supported via commercial companiesSynonyms: Libre software, FLOS, FLOSSAntonyms: proprietary software, closed software

5. HISTORYIn 1983, Richard Stallman, longtimemember of the hacker community at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, announced the GNU project, saying that he had become frustrated with the effects of the change in culture of the computer industry and its users. Software development for the GNU operating system began in January 1984, and the Free Software Foundation(FSF) was founded in October 1985. He developed a free software definition and the concept of "copyleft “, designed to ensure software freedom for all.

6. FREEDOMFreedom 1: The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wishFreedom 3: The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community benefits Freedom 2: The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighborFreedom 0: The freedom to run the program for any purpose

7. Open source definition-free distribution-source code-derived works-integrity of author’s code-no discrimination among the persons and group-no discrimination against felid of endeavor-distribution of license-license must not be specific to a product-license must not restrict other software-license must be technology neutral.

8. Commercial SupportIBM -SUN

9. INTEL -NOVELL

10. ORACLE -MOTOROLLA

11. APPLE -HP

12. DELL -GOOGLE

13. YAHOO -MICROSOFTLIST OF SOME EXAMPLES-LINUX KERNEL-BSD-GNU/LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM-GNU COMPLIER COLLECTION-C LIBRARY-MY SQL RELATIONAL DATABASE- Apache web server - Sendmail mail transport agent

14. OSS DEVELOPMENT MODELDEVELOPERDevelopmentCommunityTRUSTED DEVELOPERBug ReportTRUSTED REPOSITORYSource Code  DISTRIBUTORUSER OSS/FS users typically use software without paying licensing fees

15. OSS/FS users typically pay for training & support (competed)

16. OSS/FS users are responsible for developing new improvements &any evaluations that they need; often cooperate/pay others to do soDisadvantage of proprietary software-COST! License feeProduct bundling—example: Microsoft office.Licensee cannot modify or enhance the code;Often not built to open standards, leading to interoperability problems;Shut off from continuing development and information sharing in open source community;Some proprietary code is not as good as its open source counterparts.

17. OSS vs. ProprietaryProcess/code openness means more & different sources of evaluation information for COTS OSSBug databases, mailing list discussions, …Anyone (inc. you) can evaluate in detailSee http: //www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_eval.htmlProprietary=pay/use, OSS=pay/improvementIn OSS, pay can be time and/or moneySupport can be competed & changedOSS vendors, government support contracts, selfOSS can be modified & redistributedNew option, but need to know when to modifyForking usually fails; generally work with community

18. Business ModelsThe revenue model: Value creation: definition of the offer generating the highestwillingness to pay. Capture of the value created through: The sale of rights (sale of patents, licenses or even client files). The sale of products. The sale of services. The cost structure: Definition according to the cost categories (raw materials,marketing, R&D, administrative) and their types (fixed orvariable). Identification of the company’s specific skills which give acompetitive advantage. Determination of the capital sources.

19. Typology of different business modelsThe services or indirect valorisationmodelThe value addeddistribution modelBuisness modelThe double license orcommercial opensource license modelThe mutualizationmodel

20. LIST OF FREE SOFTWARE LICENSE

21. The GNU “General Public License” (GPL) No standard open source license, but GPL most widely used (roughly 85% of open source software);Terms include:User freedom to distribute and/or modify;Requirement that original and modified source code be always made available to the world under the terms of the original license;Must retain copyright notices and warranty disclaimers;Does not include grant of patent licenses;

22. The Mozilla Public LicenseDeveloped by Netscape for the Mozilla browserTerms include:Very similar to the GPL but,Can charge royalties for modified versions;Can include source code within larger works licensed under different license types, thus license does not ‘infect’ all downstream projects;Must retain copyright notices and warranty disclaimers;May provide additional warranties to downstream users but may have to indemnify original developer for any claims arising as a result;Includes grant patent licenses

23. The IBM Public LicenseTerms include:User freedom to distribute and/or modify;No requirement for source code availability in downstream distribution;The program can be distributed in executable form thus allowing downstream users to develop, sell, and install customized software packages without having to make all customizations available to the world;Must retain all copyright notices and warranty disclaimers;Includes grant of patent licenses.

24. The Apache Software LicenseGoverns the Apache web-server software.Terms include:User freedom to distribute and/or modify;No requirement for source code to be made available to the world in downstream distribution;Must retain all copyright notices and warranty disclaimers;

25. The FreeBSD LicenseUnrestrictive license:Only requires preservation of copyright notices and warranty disclaimers