1) Maryland imposed a tax on the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of America, which was chartered by Congress. The bank refused to pay.
2) The Supreme Court ruled the Maryland tax unconstitutional, establishing that the federal government has implied constitutional powers beyond those explicitly enumerated.
3) The McCulloch v. Maryland decision strengthened federal supremacy over the states and limited state power to tax federal institutions, setting an important precedent for the balance of power between federal and state governments.
Canadian or American multinationals’ accountability in canada or the usa for ...Shirley Li
Should Canadian or American multinationals (MNCs) be held accountable in Canada or the USA for the human rights violations that they commit abroad? Why or why not? Illustrate your answer with examples.
Canadian or American multinationals’ accountability in canada or the usa for ...Shirley Li
Should Canadian or American multinationals (MNCs) be held accountable in Canada or the USA for the human rights violations that they commit abroad? Why or why not? Illustrate your answer with examples.
Preparing For The Changing Dynamics And Scope Of Federal Preemption In The Pr...Rachel Hamilton
Cheryl Slipski, EVP & General Counsel, TxVia, Inc., New York, NY
Robert Rowe, Vice President & Senior Counsel, Center for Regulatory Compliance, American Bankers Association, Washington, DC
Chapter Five Constitutional PrinciplesThe ConstitutionThe Consti.docxbissacr
Chapter Five Constitutional PrinciplesThe Constitution
The Constitution provides the legal framework for our nation. The articles of the Constitution set out the basic structure of our government and the respective roles of the state and federal governments. The Amendments to the Constitution, especially the first 10, were primarily designed to establish and protect individual rights.Federalism
Underlying the system of government established by the Constitution is the principle of federalism, which means that the authority to govern is divided between two sovereigns or supreme lawmakers. In the United States, these two sovereigns are the state and federal governments. Federalism allocates the power to control local matters to local governments. This allocation is embodied in the U.S. Constitution. Under the Constitution, all powers that are neither given exclusively to the federal government nor taken from the states are reserved to the states. The federal government has only those powers granted to it in the Constitution. Therefore, whenever federal legislation that affects business is passed, the question of the source of authority for that regulation always arises. The Commerce Clause is the predominant source of authority for the federal regulation of business, as we will see later.
federalism
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.Critical Thinking About The Law
The Constitution secures numerous rights for U.S. citizens. If we did not have these rights, our lives would be very different. Furthermore, businesses would be forced to alter their practices because they would not enjoy the various constitutional protections. As you will soon learn, various components of the Constitution, such as the Commerce Clause and the Bill of Rights, offer guidance and protection for businesses. The following questions will help sharpen your critical thinking about the effects of the Constitution on business.
1. One of the basic elements in the Constitution is the separation of powers in the government. What ethical norm would guide the framers’ thinking in creating a system with a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances?
Clue: Consider what might happen if one branch of government became too strong.
2. If the framers of the Constitution wanted to offer the protection of unrestricted speech to citizens and businesses, what ethical norm would they view as most important?
Clue: Return to the list of ethical norms in Chapter 1. Which ethical norm might the framers view as least important in protecting unrestricted speech?
3. Why should you, as a future business manager, be knowledgeable about the basic protections offered by the Constitution?
Clue: If you were ignorant of the constitutional protections, how might your business suffer?
In some areas, the state and federal governments have concurrent authority; that is, both governments have the power to regulate the matt.
Chapter Five Constitutional PrinciplesThe ConstitutionThe Consti.docxmccormicknadine86
Chapter Five Constitutional PrinciplesThe Constitution
The Constitution provides the legal framework for our nation. The articles of the Constitution set out the basic structure of our government and the respective roles of the state and federal governments. The Amendments to the Constitution, especially the first 10, were primarily designed to establish and protect individual rights.Federalism
Underlying the system of government established by the Constitution is the principle of federalism, which means that the authority to govern is divided between two sovereigns or supreme lawmakers. In the United States, these two sovereigns are the state and federal governments. Federalism allocates the power to control local matters to local governments. This allocation is embodied in the U.S. Constitution. Under the Constitution, all powers that are neither given exclusively to the federal government nor taken from the states are reserved to the states. The federal government has only those powers granted to it in the Constitution. Therefore, whenever federal legislation that affects business is passed, the question of the source of authority for that regulation always arises. The Commerce Clause is the predominant source of authority for the federal regulation of business, as we will see later.
federalism
A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.Critical Thinking About The Law
The Constitution secures numerous rights for U.S. citizens. If we did not have these rights, our lives would be very different. Furthermore, businesses would be forced to alter their practices because they would not enjoy the various constitutional protections. As you will soon learn, various components of the Constitution, such as the Commerce Clause and the Bill of Rights, offer guidance and protection for businesses. The following questions will help sharpen your critical thinking about the effects of the Constitution on business.
1. One of the basic elements in the Constitution is the separation of powers in the government. What ethical norm would guide the framers’ thinking in creating a system with a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances?
Clue: Consider what might happen if one branch of government became too strong.
2. If the framers of the Constitution wanted to offer the protection of unrestricted speech to citizens and businesses, what ethical norm would they view as most important?
Clue: Return to the list of ethical norms in Chapter 1. Which ethical norm might the framers view as least important in protecting unrestricted speech?
3. Why should you, as a future business manager, be knowledgeable about the basic protections offered by the Constitution?
Clue: If you were ignorant of the constitutional protections, how might your business suffer?
In some areas, the state and federal governments have concurrent authority; that is, both governments have the power to regulate the matt ...
National Defense Authorization Act 2012 Article Assignment Nullification by S...Wayne Williams
Article Assignment; Students will read the article on nullification and how South Carolina is pushing back against the NDAA 2012 using the 10th Amendment.
US History DB1
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Age of Enlightenment
Part One
The Age of Enlightenment was a period in European and American history where people in society began to apply reason to their thought process and began to investigate alternative modes of thinking. During the Enlightenment social institutions, political and economic processes, and just about every aspect of society was approach applying reasoning, this resulted in a great deal of reform. The Age of Enlightenment heavily influenced a whole new approach to government and the treatment of citizens in a free society.
The new way of thinking that developed out of the age of enlightenment influenced great American thinkers resulting in important documents, such as the United States Constitution and Declaration of Independence. The Enlightenment influenced the development of a new world inspired by important figures, such as Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin, to name a few. For example Benjamin Franklin believed citizens should have the right to pursue wealth or their own self interest (Ralston, 2013). Due to this thinking Jefferson embraced the right of Americans to pursue happiness and the right to liberty.
Part Two
The thinking that developed out of the Age of Enlightenment is still important and significant in American society. Americans are still afforded natural rights, originally suggested by Locke, and have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (Sage, 2012). The ideas of Thomas Jefferson concerning the rights that should be afforded the citizen are still fiercely guarded and still shape how laws and policies are made in the country. Thanks to the Age of Enlightenment citizens in America are afforded due process rights in legal proceedings and reason is applied to the development of new laws.
The ideas developed out of the Age of enlightenment are still relevant to modern society because reason is the norm in the way influential people in the country make decisions. Thanks to the enlightenment scientific methods are applied to research and laws are created designed to protect the people not the government. Every aspect of American society has been influenced by this new way of thinking. The focus is on creating a better society that ensures everyone in society has the same opportunities instead of the focus being on a religious society and worshipping some monarch.
References
Ralston, S. (2013). American Enlightenment Thought. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Retrieved February 11, 2014 from http://www.iep.utm.edu/amer-enl/#SH3a
Sage, H. (2012). The Enlightenment in America. Retrieve February 11, 2014 from
http://resources.saylor.org.s3.amazonaws.com/HIST/HIST211/HIST211-1.4.1
Federal Government
US Federal Government Expansion of Authority
Name
Class
HIST105
Professor
US Federal Government Expansion of Authority
The following essa ...
Slide 8 WestCal Political Science 1 - US Government 2015-2016WestCal Academy
American Leadership Policy Studies (ALPS) is a for-college credit certificate program that teaches the fundamentals of American government. ALPS includes a custom tailored Political Science 1 – US Government course taught in partnership with accredited colleges to assure students receive college credit. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals who work in local/state/federal bureaucracies and/or political/union campaigns. This course program may operate at the site of a partnering college or instructor of record who licenses ALPS course materials from WestCal Academy or at WestCal Academy’s main campus in partnership with an accredited college. WestCal Academy
This slide covers the following:
1. American Federalism
2. Powers Flow To The National Elite
3. Five Patterns Of Federalism
4. Redefining Federalism Patterns
5. California Political History
6. Pressure Groups In The Golden State
7. Protecting Interests From Sacramento
8. Citizen Use Of Media For Manipulation
9. Progressive Movements
10. Civil Rights Movement
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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