This document describes a project to develop a pedestrian detection system and lane detection and warning system for medium-class cars. It is created by group members Sanket R. Borhade, Manthan N. Shah, and Pravin D. Jadhav.
The document outlines the need for such systems to reduce traffic accidents and pedestrian fatalities. It then describes the existing technologies for lane detection and pedestrian detection systems. The document provides detailed explanations of the methods and algorithms used in their proposed lane detection system, including Hough transforms and lane identification. It also explains the use of Haar features, AdaBoost, and edgelet features in their proposed pedestrian detection system. Finally, it presents results from testing their systems and
Product Return Merchandise Authorization(RMA) makes entire Product Return Process very easy to manage. You can grab RMA extension for your Magento or Opencart Store which will let your customers to opt either for Refund or Product Exchange in case they receives any damaged product. Get RMA Extension for Magento here - http://goo.gl/A3p4xB and Opencart here - http://goo.gl/8wELSa
RPA Delivery lifecycle | RPA phases | Discovery -> Designing -> Implementation -> Prod & Support
RPA Delivery Life-cycle:
This content intent to cover in detail of entire RPA delivery lifecycle. This covers all phases and describes with help of flow diagram. Please watch till end to get better consolidated understanding of the RPA lifecycle.
Discovery :
RPA Opportunity Assessment
Feasibility check
ROI assessment
High Level RPA Implementation Plan
High-level To-BE solution
Process Reengineering suggestion if any
Cost and Implementation Proposal
Client Go-Ahead Document
Solution Design :
Process Design Document (PDD)
Solution Design Document (SDD)
Technical Design Document (TDD)
Calculate Complexity and Resource requirement
PDD & SDD Sign-Off
Implementation :
Build & Test
Development, Code Review & Test Results
Installation, Configuration & Bot Run Guide
UAT
Defect Management Matrix
UAT Result, Verification Report & Sign-Off
Deployment Plan
Go Live Planning
Daily Transaction Execution Report
Bot Run Handover Checklist
Client Readiness Checklist Signoff
Production Environment Readiness
Prod & Support :
Daily Bot Run Report
Incident/Change Management Report
Support Handover
Hyper Care Sign-Off
Support Handover Sign-Off
Highlights :
Discovery phase is the key decider whether the process is good fit for RPA or not.
RPA proposal must be signed off by Client before proceeding with next phase.
SDD must get sign-off by Client before proceeding for Development.
Solution should be tested thoroughly with Client in UAT phase to avoid any Bot defect (Functional or Technical) in Production.
Production deployment can only be done post UAT sign-off.
Bot needs to be monitored as per Hyper Care committed phase to ensure accurate bot execution and fix bug at real time if any.
Post Hyper Care phase final Sign-off needs to be received, followed by support phase starts
Read RPA Blogs : https://lnkd.in/er-BHC8
RPA learning channel : https://lnkd.in/eJz4iTe
#RoboticProcessAutomation #RPA #RPATutorial #rpatraining
#rpa #rpalifecycle #rpaphases #discovery #solutiondesign #implementation #production #deployment #support #ai #intelligentautomation #cognitiverpa #ia #cognitive #rpa #rpabasics #rpadeveloper #automation #automationanywhere #uipath #blueprism #rpacommunity #rpatools #rpaqueries
https://lnkd.in/e77TnQE
Overview of the BF609 dual-core Blackfin processor series covering main features including the Pipelined Vision Processor including the hardware and software development tools. By Analog Devices
Product Return Merchandise Authorization(RMA) makes entire Product Return Process very easy to manage. You can grab RMA extension for your Magento or Opencart Store which will let your customers to opt either for Refund or Product Exchange in case they receives any damaged product. Get RMA Extension for Magento here - http://goo.gl/A3p4xB and Opencart here - http://goo.gl/8wELSa
RPA Delivery lifecycle | RPA phases | Discovery -> Designing -> Implementation -> Prod & Support
RPA Delivery Life-cycle:
This content intent to cover in detail of entire RPA delivery lifecycle. This covers all phases and describes with help of flow diagram. Please watch till end to get better consolidated understanding of the RPA lifecycle.
Discovery :
RPA Opportunity Assessment
Feasibility check
ROI assessment
High Level RPA Implementation Plan
High-level To-BE solution
Process Reengineering suggestion if any
Cost and Implementation Proposal
Client Go-Ahead Document
Solution Design :
Process Design Document (PDD)
Solution Design Document (SDD)
Technical Design Document (TDD)
Calculate Complexity and Resource requirement
PDD & SDD Sign-Off
Implementation :
Build & Test
Development, Code Review & Test Results
Installation, Configuration & Bot Run Guide
UAT
Defect Management Matrix
UAT Result, Verification Report & Sign-Off
Deployment Plan
Go Live Planning
Daily Transaction Execution Report
Bot Run Handover Checklist
Client Readiness Checklist Signoff
Production Environment Readiness
Prod & Support :
Daily Bot Run Report
Incident/Change Management Report
Support Handover
Hyper Care Sign-Off
Support Handover Sign-Off
Highlights :
Discovery phase is the key decider whether the process is good fit for RPA or not.
RPA proposal must be signed off by Client before proceeding with next phase.
SDD must get sign-off by Client before proceeding for Development.
Solution should be tested thoroughly with Client in UAT phase to avoid any Bot defect (Functional or Technical) in Production.
Production deployment can only be done post UAT sign-off.
Bot needs to be monitored as per Hyper Care committed phase to ensure accurate bot execution and fix bug at real time if any.
Post Hyper Care phase final Sign-off needs to be received, followed by support phase starts
Read RPA Blogs : https://lnkd.in/er-BHC8
RPA learning channel : https://lnkd.in/eJz4iTe
#RoboticProcessAutomation #RPA #RPATutorial #rpatraining
#rpa #rpalifecycle #rpaphases #discovery #solutiondesign #implementation #production #deployment #support #ai #intelligentautomation #cognitiverpa #ia #cognitive #rpa #rpabasics #rpadeveloper #automation #automationanywhere #uipath #blueprism #rpacommunity #rpatools #rpaqueries
https://lnkd.in/e77TnQE
Overview of the BF609 dual-core Blackfin processor series covering main features including the Pipelined Vision Processor including the hardware and software development tools. By Analog Devices
How do self driving cars detects lane lines so easilyANOLYTICS
Training data for self driving cars is now possible with Anolytics that offers high-quality annotated datasets images and videos in 3D and 2D to make the AI perception model work with accurate results. It is providing a complete image annotation solution for all types of autonomous vehicle model training at affordable cost. It is expert in image annotation to make objects recognizable for computer vision in machines.
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2018-dlai/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks or Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles of deep learning from both an algorithmic and computational perspectives.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How do self driving cars detects lane lines so easilyANOLYTICS
Training data for self driving cars is now possible with Anolytics that offers high-quality annotated datasets images and videos in 3D and 2D to make the AI perception model work with accurate results. It is providing a complete image annotation solution for all types of autonomous vehicle model training at affordable cost. It is expert in image annotation to make objects recognizable for computer vision in machines.
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2018-dlai/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks or Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles of deep learning from both an algorithmic and computational perspectives.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. Introduction
• Video-based car navigation systems are
emerging as the next generation technology.
• Object information is gathered via cameras
and then, feature extraction is performed to
obtain edge, colour, object details.
• We are developing a system which comprises
Pedestrian Detection System(PDS) and Lane
Detection and Warning System(LDWS) for
Medium-Class Cars Worldwide.
3. Need Analysis
• 41% of the total traffic accident casualties are
due to abnormal lane changing.
• More than 535 pedestrians die in road
accidents every year.
• Pune City has the highest rate of accidents
amongst 27 other cities in the India.
• Need for cost effective life saving tool.
• Easy to install in any locomotive.
4. Need Analysis
• Percentage of pedestrian fatalities not on crossings 2005 –
Germany 92.5%, Spain 91.5%, Great Britain 89.4%,
Netherlands 86.7%, Austria 81.1%, Finland 71.1%, Italy 70.7%,
Switzerland 67.2%, Norway 45.2%.
16
million population
14
Spain
12
Italy
10
Great Britain
8
Germany
6
Switzerland
4
Austria
2
Norway
0
Finland
Road Fatalities
Fatilities at road
crossing
*Note : Data received from
European Pedestrian
Crossings Survey in 2005
8. Lane Departure Warning System
(LDWS)
• Step 1 : Capture Image
– CMOS Camera
– Video Resolution
9. LDWS
• Step 2 : ROI Selection
– Segmentation
– 121 to 240 selection
10. LDWS
• Step 3 : Lane Detection
• Step 3.1 : Lane Extraction
• Step 3.2 : Lane Identification
11. LDWS
•
•
•
•
Hough Transform
Edge detection tells us where edges are
The next step is to find out if there is any line
(or line segment) in the image
• Advantages of Hough Transform
• Relatively insensitive to occlusion since points are
processed independently
• Works on disconnected edges
• Robust to noise
12. LDWS
• A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE LINE EQUATIONS
• y=m*x+k form is most familiar but cannot
handle vertical lines.
• Another form:
• r=x cos θ + y sin θ
• is better.
• 0 ≤ r, 0 ≤ θ < 2π
• any r, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π (don’t need to worry about the
• sign of r)
13. LDWS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HOUGH TRANSFORM
Given r and θ, the line equation
r=x cos θ + y sin θ
determines all points (x,y) that lie on a
straightline
For each fixed pair (x,y), the equation
r=x cos θ + y sin θ
determines all points (r,θ) that lie on a curve in
the Hough space.
14. LDWS
• VISUALIZING HOUGH TRANSFORM
• HT take a point (x,y) and maps it to a curve
• (Hough curve) in the (r,θ) Hough space:
15. LDWS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HOW HT IS USED
The pair (r*,θ*) that is common to many Hough
curves indicates that the line
r*=x cos θ* y sin θ*
is in the image
How to find the pairs (r,θ) that are common
points of a large number of Hough curves?
Divide the Hough space into bins and do the
counting!
16. LDWS
• HOW HT WORKS
• Divide Hough space into bins:
•
•
•
•
Accumulate the count in each bin
An accumulate matrix H is used. For the figure
above, only one entry has count 2; the others
are either 0 or 1.
17. LDWS
• HT ALGORITHM
• Initialize accumulator H to all zeros
• For each edge point (x,y) in the image
For θ = 0 to 180
r = x cos θ + y sin θ
H(θ, r) = H(θ, r) + 1
end
end
• Find the value(s) of (θ, r) where H(θ, r) is a local
maximum
• The detected line in the image is given by
r = x cos θ + y sin θ
18. LDWS
• Step 3.1 : Lane Extraction
–
–
–
–
2D FIR filter with mask [-1 0 1]
Hough Transform
LocalMaxFinder
20 candidate lanes
• Step 3.2 : Lane Identification
– Comparing with previous lanes
– Polar to Cartesian
19. LDWS
• Step 4 : Lane Departure
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diswarn = 144 (Window Threshold)
if Left_dis < Diswarn && Left_dis <= Right_dis
Left Departure
elseif Right_dis < Diswarn && Left_dis > Right_dis
Right Departure
else
Normal Driving
20. LDWS
• Step 4 : Lane Departure
• Left dis = 178 > 144
• Right Dis = 179 > 144
• So, normal Driving
21. LDWS
• Step 4 : Lane Departure
• Left dis = 134 < 144
• Right Dis = 179 > 144
• So, left departure
22. LDWS
• Step 4 : Lane Departure
•
Left dis = 178 > 144
Right Dis = 128 < 144
So, right departure
23. LDWS
• Step 5 : Lane Tracking
• Comparing with 5
Frames stored in the
repository
24. LDWS
• Step 6 : Display Warning
• Blinking Indicator when
Departing from
the marked Lanes
25. Pedestrian Detection
• Different Methods :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
HAAR Features + Adaboost Classifier
Edgelet Features + Adaboost Classifier
Shapelet Features + Adaboost Classifier
27. Haar Features
• A haar-like feature is composed of several white or black
areas.
• The intensity values of pixels in the white or black areas are
separately accumulated.
28. adaboost
• Step 1 :
– select the features with the different forms and types.
These are the basic features types. We can construct
nearly 1000`s of features using only few of them.
– E.g.: There are 5 rectangles associated with haar features
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
feature = [1 2; 2 1; 1 3; 3 1; 2 2];
frameSize = 20;
PosImgSize = 200;
NegImgSize = 400;
posWeights = ones(1,PosImgSize)/PosImgSize;
negWeights = ones(1,NegImgSize)/NegImgSize;
% Weights of training set
adaWeights = [posWeights negWeights] ;
29. Adaboost
Step 2:
(a)
(b)
(c)
• Move the feature in the image as shown above.
• We will perform all the calculations on the first classifier i.e. fig (a) and move on to
the next classifier i.e. fig (b) and fig (c).
• All the calculation of the features start with 1x2 as in fig (a) and cannot go more
than the size of the image.
• We can also change the start and end size according to our need and the accuracy.
31. Haar Features
For every feature it is necessary to calculate
the sum of all values inside each rectangle
Given base resolution of detector is between
20x20 and 30x30 pixels
For 24x24 detector there is set of over
180,000 features (using only basic features)
32. AdaBoost (Adaptive Boost)
Step 3:
Iterative learning algorithm
AdaBoost is an algorithm for constructing a
”strong” classifier as linear combination of
“simple” “weak” classifiers h (x):
t
Output the strong classifier:
33. AdaBoost algorithm example
The weights tell the learning
algorithm the importance of
the example.
Adaboost starts with a
uniform distribution of
“weights” over training
examples.
Obtain a weak classifier from the
weak learning algorithm, hj(x).
Increase the weights on the
training examples that were
misclassified.
At the end, carefully make a
linear combination of the
weak classifiers obtained at all
iterations.
34. AdaBoost
Adaboost starts with a uniform distribution of
“weights” over training examples. The weights
tell the learning algorithm the importance of the
example
Obtain a weak classifier from the weak learning
algorithm, hj(x)
Increase the weights on the training examples
that were misclassified
(Repeat)
At the end, carefully make a linear combination
of the weak classifiers obtained at all iterations
f final (x) final ,1h1 (x) final ,n hn (x)
36. • An Edgelet is a short segment of line or
circle.
37. Why EDGELETS ?
•
•
•
•
•
Simple logic development
Requires less space than templates
Can be used on any type of images
Computation time is lower
Higher detection rates can be obtained
selecting relevant features
38. Use of Edgelet feature
Step 4:
• Using the pedestrian head region Edgelet.
• This is Head and shoulder detection.
• Process :– Find the edges of both the image using the sobel
method.
– Resize the edgelet into the detected pedestrian
image width.
– Compute difference between image and resized
edgelet and compare for threshold.
39. Final Indication
Step 5:
• Images passed from the above steps are
checked for their area.
• The Bounding box color is chosen upon the
distance of the pedestrian from the camera.
• RED color – NEAR pedestrian (180 to 480cm)
• GREEN color – FAR pedestrian (>480cm)
• Label provided on top left of bounding box.
47. Analysis
• Pedestrian Detection system :
False Positive Rate vs. Detection Rate curves often called as
ROC curves which show how the number of correctly classified
positive examples varies with the number of incorrectly
classified negative examples.
48. Conclusion
Lane Detection :
• Maximum accuracy of 97.91%
• Processing Time varies within 0.018 sec to 0.02 sec
and false positive rate of just 3.0
• Works on 640x480 to 320x240 frame size
Pedestrian Detection :
• 5fps for detecting pedestrians at least 100 pixels high
and 3 fps for detecting pedestrians over 50 pixels.
• Works on 640x480 to 320x240 frame sizes
• Accuracy of 95% is achieved with normal weather
conditions.
50. Journals and publications
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL :
• Published the paper on the online journal website “International Journal of Computer
Application” which has impact factor of 0.631.
• ICWET 2012 – international conference on Emerging trends in technology 2012 held in
Thane, India. ISBN (International Standard Book Number) : 978-0-615-58717-2
• AMS2012 – international conference on mathematics and simulation going to be held
in Indonesia.
NATIONAL LEVEL :
• NCCCES2011 -- National Conference on communication control and energy system
held on 29th and 30th august to be held in VELMURUGAN AUDITORIUM at VelTech
Dr.RR and Dr.SR Technical University, Avdi.