Mutation in tomato using EMS and gene discovery.pptx
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The document details a study that used induced mutagenesis to generate tomato mutant lines with agronomic interest. Over 16,000 tomato seeds were treated with three concentrations of EMS mutagen. Over 12,000 M1 plants were obtained and screened over multiple generations, identifying 2800 recessive mutants grouped into 14 categories. Mapping-by-sequencing identified causal mutations, such as a single nucleotide deletion in the SlARF10A gene linked to the sepal indehiscent (sin) mutant phenotype. The use of a distant tomato species improved mapping accuracy and simplified the analysis.
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This experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (40 X 10m plot) to evaluate cacao clones for resistance and tolerance against Meloidogyne incognita in infested field. The ten cocoa clones evaluated are MXC67, T86/2, PA150, LCTEEN, T12/11, T53/5, T101/15, T65/7, ICS1 and AMAZ 15-15. Pre-planting survey revealed ten genera of phytonematodes, these were; Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp. Paralongidorus spp., Eutylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., Hemicyclophora spp., Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp., Anguillulina spp., Psilenchus spp., and Tetylenchus spp. Meloidogyne spp. had the highest frequency of occurrence and highest population in 250g soil (40 and 28,234 respectively), Paralongidorus spp. was next in population. Based on gall index, nematode reproduction factor and growth parameters, MXC67, T86/2, PA150, T101/15 and T53/5 were susceptible to the nematode. Two other clones, T65/7 and ICS1 were tolerant. A high degree of resistance was exhibited by LCTEEN, T12/11 and AMAZ 15-15. Compared with F3 Amazon and Amelonado varieties, the two most famous cocoa varieties in Nigeria, four clones (LCTEEN, T65/7, ICSI and AMAZ 15-15) were superior to F3 Amazon and Amelonado. This study showed that planting of resistance/tolerant cacao clones in nematode infested soil will drastically reduce seedling failure experienced by farmers. This tolerant and resistant clones identified should be included in breeding programme for resistance.
Male sterility
This document discusses male sterility in plants. It begins with definitions of male sterility and classifications of sterility systems. Male sterility is characterized by nonfunctional pollen grains while female gametes function normally. It is classified into phenotypic, genotypic, and chemically induced types. Genotypic male sterility includes genetic male sterility (GMS), cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS). CMS is determined by the cytoplasm and is useful for hybrid seed production. The document then discusses various manifestations, history, need for male sterility, and methods for detection, creation, and transfer of male sterility systems. It provides examples of CMS sources and restorer genes in crops
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY PRESENTATION A!.pptx
Identification of transgene free. crispr- edited plants of rice tomato and Arabidopsis by monitering DsRED Flurosence in Dry Seeds
Ymv tolerance in greengram
1. The document discusses mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) which is a major biotic stress for mungbean crops. MYMV is transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci and causes significant yield losses.
2. Research has found that resistance to MYMV in mungbean is controlled by a single recessive gene. Studies identified RAPD markers linked to the MYMV resistance gene which can enable marker-assisted selection for resistant varieties.
3. Breeding efforts aim to develop MYMV-tolerant mungbean varieties through identification of resistant lines, interspecific crosses, and induced mutations. The ultimate goal is generating superior genotypes with durable resistance to minimize yield losses
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Mutation breeding in groundnut
Mutation breeding has been used to create variability and develop improved varieties of groundnut. Some key points:
1. Various physical and chemical mutagens like gamma rays, EMS, and sodium azide have been used to induce mutations in groundnut.
2. Mutation breeding has resulted in the development of 23 groundnut varieties released in India that show improvements like early maturity, higher yield, and stress tolerance.
3. Studies on mutagen-treated groundnut plants found increased variability for traits like plant height, branch number, and pod number compared to untreated varieties, providing a source of useful traits for selection and breeding.
Impact of EMS Induction on Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Traits...
Abstract: Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a common, powerful and one of the most effective chemical mutagen, to induce a large number of functional variations in crops. Present study is to analyse the mutagenic effect of EMS in M1 generation of Bhindi (Abelmoscus esculanthus L. Moench. va Arka anamika). Seeds were treated with different doses (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) of mutagen for 4 hrs and grown in gunny bags along with control. Morphological, anatomical and physiological traits of Bhindi were analyzed for 50 days at definite intervals. All parameters decreased with increase in doses of EMS. Strong deleterious effect on the germination percentage was seen in 3% of EMS. There was a negative correlation in length of root, shoot length, numbers of secondary roots and fresh weight with EMS percentage. Values of growth coefficient (GC), relative growth rate (RGR), tolerance index (TI) and net productivity were gradually decreasing with increasing doses of EMS. Anatomical parameters also showed marked decrease in root and shoot. Leaf area and chlorophyll content were lowest in 3% EMS.
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Gaurangi.pptx
Mutation breeding has been used to develop new varieties of several medicinal and aromatic crops with improved traits. A high-yielding variety of henbane was developed with double the vigor and yield of the parent variety using irradiation. Superior mutants of black cumin were identified with improved yield and quality traits through radiation and chemical mutagenesis. Limitations include the lack of genomic resources for medicinal plants compared to major crops, restricting forward and reverse genetics approaches.
Gaurangi.pptx
Mutagenesis has been used successfully in mutation breeding of several medicinal and aromatic crops. Some key achievements include developing higher yielding varieties of henbane, black cumin, and coriander that are also resistant to various diseases. Mutagenesis has also led to Catharanthus varieties with increased alkaloid content and altered morphology. While effective, limitations include the lack of genomic resources and regeneration methods for some medicinal plants compared to major crops.
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- 1. Identification of novel mutations performed by mapping by sequencing led to the isolation of agronomically interesting mutant lines. ( Moneymaker cultivar accession LA2706 S. pimpinellifolium (accession LA1589) were used as a pollen donor to obtain F2 interspecific populations. Three different EMS concentration were analyzed, i.e., 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% by using 5 replicates of 100 seeds for each treatment.
- 3. Total no of 16,104 MM seeds were EMS treated 12,560 M1 plants were obtained, from which 7379 (58.75%) produced M2 segregating progenies. M2 progenis were screened under greenhouse conditions along eight crop cycles to detect recessive mutants 2800 mutants (37.95%) were detected and grouped into 14 phenotypic categories
- 4. EMS mutant lines displaying alterations during vegetative and reproductive development
- 5. 5 Gene isolation of casual mutation Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that sepals of mutant plants lack the abscission zone between each sepal. Therefore, they have called this mutant sepal indehiscent (sin).
- 7. Tomato mutants have been and are still directly used in breeding programs, but natural variation of agronomically interesting alleles is scarce in natural germplasm. Induced mutagenesis rises as one of the most relevant genomics tools to allow for the functional characterization of most of the unknown tomato genes. The identification of novel mutations performed by mapping by sequencing has led to the isolation of causal mutations of agronomically interesting mutant lines. Such is the case of the line UAL-7334 (sin), where this approach has allowed us to relate a single nucleotide deletion in the Auxin Response Factor 10A (SlARF10A) gene to this mutant phenotype. The use of another species genetically distant from cultivated tomato provides a huge number of polymorphisms for linkage analysis, simplifying the bioinformatic workflow, and ensures a high mapping accuracy. Conclusion
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