Modern Philosopher in the Understanding the Self

1. Roqui Mabugay Gonzaga, LPT
Understanding
the Self

2. Reminders
S Stay focused.
M Maintain a positive attitude.
A Always come to school ready to learn!
R Respect one another.
T Try your best!

3. Understanding the Self
Philosophical Perspective of
the Self
Of the Modern Philosopher

4. Understanding the Self
Objectives:
At the end the lesson, the students must be able to;
 Explain the role of philosophy in understanding the Self;
 Discuss the different concept of the self from the
philosophical perspective; and
 Differentiate the various concepts of the self and
identity their similarities.

5. Understanding the Self
- St. Augustine
“I AM DOUBTING,
THEREFORE I AM”

6. Understanding the Self
- St. Augustine  Saint Augustine of Hippo (AD 354-430)
 Christian Theologian and Philosopher
 Contributed to the progress of Western
Christianity through his writings;
1. The City of God, on Christian Doctrine
and Confessions.
 Sin is the source of Human
unhappiness as sin impairs human free
will.

7. Understanding the Self
- St. Augustine
 Integrated the ideas of Plato
and Christianity.
 Augustine’s view of the human
person reflects the entire spirit
of the medieval world
 The soul is united with the body
so that may be entire and
complete.
 Believed Humankind is created in
the image and likeness of God.

8. Understanding the Self
- St. Augustine
 Therefore, the human person
being creation of God is always
geared towards the good.
 The self is known only through
knowing God.
 Self-knowledge is a consequence
of knowledge of God.

9. Understanding the Self
- St. Augustine
“Knowledge can only come
by seeing the truth that
dwells within us”
The truth of which Augustine spoke
refers to the truth of knowing God,

10. Understanding the Self
-Rene Descartes
“I THINK,
THEREFORE I AM”

11. Understanding the Self
-Rene Descartes
 French Philosopher
 Believed to be the father of
modern western Philosophy.
 He wants to penetrate the
nature of reasoning process and
understand its relationship to
the human self.

12. Understanding the Self
-Rene Descartes
Cogito
 The thing
that thinks
 mind
Extenza
 The extension
 Body
1 2
Two distinct entities

13. Understanding the Self
-Rene Descartes
 The act of thinking about self-of
being self-conscious-is in itself
proof that there is self.
 Descartes believed that the
essence of the human self-a
thinking entity that doubts,
understands, analyzes, questions
and reasons.

14. Understanding the Self
-Rene Descartes
Cogito, ergo sum
“I think, therefore I am”

15. Understanding the Self
-John Locke
“THE SELF IS
CONSCIOUSNESS”

16. Understanding the Self
-John Locke (1632-1704)
 He was an English Philosopher
and Physician
 “Father of Liberalism” as he
posited the theory of the mind
 The human mind at birth is
tabula rasa or blank slate
 He felt that the self is
constructed primarily from
sense experiences

17. Understanding the Self
Locke theorized that when
they are born, all babies know
absolutely nothing
In essence, he argued that the
inside of a baby’s brain was
empty-ready to learn everything
through experience.

18. Understanding the Self
-John Locke
Consciousness
 Necessary to have a coherent
personal identity or knowledge
of the self as a person.
 What makes possible our belief
that we are the same identity in
different situations.
The Self is Consciousness

19. Understanding the Self
-David Hume
“THERE IS NO SELF”

20. Understanding the Self
-David Hume (1711-1776)
 Self is simply a bundle or
collection of different
perceptions, which succeed each
other with an inconceivable
rapidly and are in a perpetual
flux and movement
 The idea of personal identity is a
result of imagination
 There is no self

21. Understanding the Self
-Immanuel Kant
“WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF”

22. Understanding the Self
-Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804)
 Self is not just what gives one his
personality but also the seat of knowledge
acquisition for all human persons
 The self constructs its own reality creating
a world that is familiar and predictable
 Through our rationality, the self
transcends sense experience

23. Understanding the Self
-Sigmund Freud
“THERE ARE TWO SELVES”

24. Understanding the Self
-Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
 Sigismund Schlomo Freud known as
Sigmund Freud
 Neorologist from Austria
 He established the Psychoanalysis

25. Understanding the Self
-Gilbert Ryle
“THE SELF IS THE WAY
PEOPLE BEHAVE”

26. Understanding the Self
-Gilbert Ryle
 Self is not an entity one can locate and
analyze but simply the convenient name
that people use to refer to all the
behaviors that people make
 “I act therefore I am”, in short, the self is
the same as bodily behavior
 The self is the way people behave

27. Understanding the Self
-Paul Churchland
“THE SELF IS THE BRAIN”

28. Understanding the Self
-Paul Churchland
 The self is inseparable from the brain and
the physiology of the body
 All we have is the brain and so, if the
brain is gone, there is no self
 The physical brain and not the imaginary
mind, gives us our sense of self

29. Understanding the Self
-Paul Churchland
 The mind does not really exist
 It is the brain and not the imaginary mind
that gives us our sense of self
 The self is the brain

30. Understanding the Self
-Maurice Merleau-Ponty
“THE SELF IS EMBODIED
SUBJECTIVITY”

31. Understanding the Self
 The mind-body bifurcation that has been
going on for a long time is a futile
endeavor and an invalid problem
 All knowledge of our selves and our
world is based on subjective experience
 The self can never be truly objectified or
known in a completely objective sort of
way
 The self is embodied subjectivity
-Maurice Merleau-Ponty

32. Understanding the Self
Q and A

33. Understanding the Self
Thank You
&
God bless!!!