This document provides information about musical scales, time signatures, notation, and modulation. It includes: 1) A description of the lines and spaces in the treble and bass clefs and their note associations (Every Good Boy Deserves Food, Good Boys Do Fine Always). 2) An overview of diatonic scales, including major and minor scales and how they are constructed using tones and semitones. 3) Details on finding the first note ("Do") in major scales using sharps or flats in a key signature. 4) Guidance on determining the placement of sharps or flats within a diatonic major scale.

1. Date

3. Scales
NOTE: In TREBLE CLEF
Lines - E G B D F (Every Good Boy Deserve Food)
Spaces - F A C E
In BASS CLEF
Lines - G B D F A (Good Boys Does Fine Always)
Spaces - A C E G

4. Diatonic Scale
Tone (1 step) & Semitone (1/2 step)
2 kinds - Major & Minor

6. Finding “Do” with Sharps
(i.e. 1st note in Diatonic Major Scale - So called “Movable DO”
First Sharps: One Step above the last sharp on the right in Key Signature

7. Finding “Do” with Flats
Method I: 2nd flat from right in Key Signature
Method II: 4 steps above the last flat in Key Signature

8. Determine # Placement in
Diatonic Major Scale

9. Determining b Placement in
Diatonic Major Scale

10. Time Values of Notes & Rests
The length (or duration) of sounds is shown by Notes of different
shapes. Periods of silence are shown by signs called Rests.

11. Time Value of Notes

12. Dotted Notes
The effect of the dot is to increase the length of the note by half the
original value.

13. Time Signature
2 Number of
4 Time Value of Notes Per Measure (bar)

14. Compound Duple Time
6
8 Time
There are two beats in every bar each beat being worth three quavers
( or a dotted crotchet ). The whole bar is therefore worth six quavers
which gives the time-signature of 6/8. As in Simple Time, notes smaller
in value than a crotchet must be grouped into beats.
quaver - an eighth note
crotchet - a quarter note

15. Compound Duple Time
The rest worth one beat may be written or more usually . If the
beat contains a mixture of notes and rests, each beat must be thought of
in two parts and . Always make up the rests to the value of a
crotchet and give the quaver a separate rest as shown below.

16. Modulation

17. Modulation