This document provides information on first aid for musculoskeletal injuries. It discusses strains, sprains, dislocations, and fractures. For strains and sprains, it recommends the RICE treatment plan of rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Dislocations involve the separation of bones at a joint and require immobilizing the injured area. Fractures are bone breaks that can be either closed or open (compound). First aid for fractures includes controlling bleeding if open, immobilizing the broken area, and arranging for medical transport. The document also describes different carry and transport methods that can be used to safely move an injured person until further medical help arrives.

1. PREPARED BY-
PRANSU GOSWAMI

2. It is temporary and immediately treatment giving
patient of accident & suddenly illness before medical
aid is available.
It is given by any person who has the knowledge
regarding first aid.

3. Save the patient life .
Reduce pain of the patient .
Provide temporary help service of patient.

4. Acting quickly but with a stable mind
Always keep near to the patient.
Do not treat the patient in hurry or in tension
Examine airway breathing & blood circulation of the
patient.
Working honestly.

5. The musculoskeletal system is composed of two
systems ;the skeletal system and the skeletal muscles
the skeletal system is composed of bones and the
joints and its main functions are two provide support
protection storage of mineral salts and fats and
hematopoiesis (RBC production).
The skeletal system also provides the leverage
needed by skeletal muscles to provide movement
through contraction of skeletal muscles and bending
and rotation at joint.

7. Any injury that affects the bones muscles ,ligament
nerves ,or tendons resulting in pain are considered
musculoskeletal injuries.

8. 1. MUSCLE INJURY
• Sprain
• Strain
2. DISLOCATION
3. FRACTURE

11. Strains are injuries to tendons or muscles. sprains involve a partial tear of
ligaments.
Injury to the soft tissues occures mainly due to overstretcd or sudden
movement.
Recognition –
•Intense pain
•Warmth and redness around/on the injured
•part
•Swelling and bruising
•Difficulty in moving the injured part

12. Follow the RICE management plan for first 48 hours;-
REST: rest the injured part
ICE: apply an ice pack wrapped in a cloth/towel to the injury for
15 minutes every 2 hours initially, then every 4 hours for 24
hours.
COMPRESSION: support the injured part with an elastic
compression bandage.
•Elevation: elevate the injured part to reduce swelling.
•Provide analgesics to relief pain.
•Report the doctor , if strain or sprain does not seem to be
improving after 5-7 days.

13. •Dislocation is a separation of two bones where they
meet are at joint.
•Dislocation of joint may result in damage to nerves,
ligaments and blood vessels.

17. •Severe pain
•Swelling and tenderness
•Difficulty in moving or unable to move a part
•Bruising around joint.
•Numbness or tingling at the joint or beyond

18. •Do not move the victim.
•Support the injured part.
•Immobilize the area above and below the injured
joint. It possible, put splint ( used towel,dupatta
etc..)To the injured part.
•Put ice pack on the joint ,if available
•Prevent infection if open wound is present .
•Check the pulse and blood circulation beyond the
injured part every 10 minutes .
•Provide medical assessment as soon as possible.

19. A fracture is defined as a break in the continuity of
bone. It occurs due to excess pressure over the bone
and requires medical attention.

20. OPEN FRACTURE OR COMPOUND FRACTURE-
The bone is exposed. Open fracture carries a high Risk
becoming Infected.
CLOSED FRACTURE OR SIMPLE FRACTURE-
The skin Above the fracture is intact. The cracked bone is
not visible.

23. Difficulty in movement
Tenderness
Severe pain
Swelling/bruising
Bleeding
Deformity

24. Open fracture ;-
•Calm down the victim
•Apply pressure to control bleeding
•Cover the wound with sterile or clean dressing .
•Check for circulation beyond the dressing .
•Do not apply pressure over the protruded bone.
•Examine other injuries.
•Immoblize the broken part.
•Do not massage the affected part
•Arrange for transportation of victim.

25. •Calm down the victim support the injured part.
•Do not give anything to eat or drink . as victim may
need emergency reduction.
•Do not apply pressure over the injured part.
•Examine other injuries .
•Arrange for transportation of the victim.

26.  First aid measure are provided are the site of
accident which is an attempt to save the life of a
person till medical assistance arrives.

27. LIFTING METHOD

28. DRAG METHOD

29. FIREMAN’S LIFT METHOD

30. CHAIR METHOD

31. TWO HANDED SEAT METHOD

32. HUMAN CRUTCH METHOD