This document provides information on basic first aid for common injuries and emergencies. It discusses treating sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, heat exhaustion and more. The RICE method is recommended for sprains - Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Home treatments include using ibuprofen and arnica oil for sprains and applying a splint and padding for fractures. Proper first aid can help alleviate pain and prevent further injury until medical help arrives.

1. BASIC FIRST AID
Performs appropriate first aid for injuries and
emergency situations in physical activity and sports
settings (e.g. cramps, sprain, heat exhaustion) (PE9PF-
Ib-30) (Week 1 and 2/Q1)

2. First aid is an immediate and temporary care given
to a person who has been injured or suddenly
taken ill.
It includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance is not available or delayed.
Objectives of First Aid are to alleviate suffering, to
prevent added/further injury or danger and to
prolong life.

3. There are common injuries encountered by officiating
officials and athletes. These are:
a. Sprains caused by torn fibers in a ligament and easily
identified through swelling and bruising,
b. Heat exhaustion is a response to heat characterized by
fatigue, weakness and collapse due to inadequate
intake of water to compensate for loss of fluids
during sweating,
c. Knee injuries can result from a blow or twist to the
knee, from improper landing after a jump or from
running too hard, too much or without proper warm up,

4. d. Fracture is also an injury of the bone break which is
characterized by swelling and pain. When two bone is
become separated it is described as being
e. Dislocation is the result of two bones that come
together to form a joint become separated
f. Cramps is a painful involuntary contraction of a muscle
or muscles, typically caused by fatigue or strain.
g. Strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon.

5. Home treatment may apply when a person experiences
these common injuries. The following measures can be
used to treat the following: Sprains and Strains
• Apply the R.I.C.E method (Rest, Ice, , Compression and
Elevation)
• Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will
only increase swelling.
• Use paracetamol for first day of the injury to reduce
pain without increasing bleeding. Thereafter, Ibuprofen or
aspirin is a good choice. Don’t give aspirin to a child
younger than 16 years.

6. • Apply arnica oil to reduce swelling.
• Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand
and finger.
• After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only
enough not to cause pain.
• Gradually increase the range movement-let the pain be
your guide. It usually heal in about a week. Sprains may
take up to 3 weeks to heal.

7. Fractures
• Apply R.I.C.E. method.
• Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft
padding around the broken bones. Splint the injury with
something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or
magazines, to prevent the bones from shifting. Don’t
move the broken bones. Splint must be long enough to
extend beyond joints above and below the fracture.

8. • If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauge
pad. Apply pressure to control the bleeding. Don’t try to
push the bone back into the wound and don’t attempt to
clean it.
• Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the
femur and pelvis may cause severe internal bleeding.
• Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink in case
surgery is needed.

9. Dislocations
• Experts advise that you leave the joint alone and treat
the area with ice, use ibuprofen for pain and seek for
medical care. Knee Injury
• Apply the PRICE – Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression,
Elevation

10. Some of the basic important content of the first aid kit are
Bandages, sterile gauge, rubbing alcohol, hydrogen
peroxide, cotton balls, disposable gloves, thermometer,
fever and pain reducer, antacids, betadine solution,
antihistamines, anti diarrhea solution, First Aid
instruction booklet and contact number of emergency
personnel.

11. LOOP – A – WORD.
Read and answer each statement below.
1. It is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of
connective tissues that joins the end of one bone with
another. ____________________
2. It is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon - a cord
of tissue connecting muscle to bone.
____________________

12. 3. A response to heat characterized by fatigue, weakness
and collapse due to inadequate intake of water to
compensate for loss of fluids during sweating.
____________________
4. A break in the bone that can occur from either a quick,
one-time injury to the bone or from repeated stress to the
bone over time. ____________________.
5. It is a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or
more of your muscles. ____________________.

13. SEQUENCE ANALYSIS. Arrange the procedures in applying
basic first aid on the following common injuries
encountered by officiating officials and athletes. Write the
number on the space provided.
A. SPRAINS
_____ Apply cold compress at once.
_____ The victim’s physician may recommend an over the
counter anti-inflammatory medication (aspirin, ibuprofen)
appropriate for the victim’s general health.
_____ Elevate the affected joint.
_____ Remove any clothing or jewelry around the joint.

14. B. HEAT EXHAUSTION
_____If the victim starts having seizures, protect him/her
from injury and give first aid for convulsions.
_____If the victim loses consciousness, give first aid for
unconsciousness.
_____Give him/her electrolyte beverages to sip or make a
salted drink.
_____Monitor the victim for signs of shock.
_____Keep the victim cool.
_____Have the victim lie down with his/her feet elevated.

15. C. STRAINS (Home Treatment)
_____Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
_____Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase
swelling.
_____Thereafter, ibuprofen (or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) or
aspirin is a good choice. Do not give aspirin to a child younger than 16 years.
_____Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
_____Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without
increasing bleeding.
_____After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to
cause pain.
_____Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.
_____Apply the R.I.C.E. method.

16. D. FRACTURES
_____Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis
may cause severe internal bleeding.
_____Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding
around the broken bones.
_____If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply
pressure to control bleeding. Do not try to push the bone back into the
wound and don't attempt to clean it.
_____Splint the injury with something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or
magazines, to prevent the bones from shifting.
_____Don't move the broken bones. Splints must be long enough to extend
beyond joints above and below the fracture.
_____Apply the R.I.C.E method.
_____Don't give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is
needed.

17. THE BOTTOMLINE. Interview a person to answer the
following questions about first aid. Write your answer on
the space provided.
1. How would you treat a scraped knee?
2. If someone had sprained an ankle, what would you
do?
3. If someone is bleeding, what will you use to protect
yourself from the blood? Why?
4. If someone has heat exhaustion, which has symptoms
of sweating, vomiting, and nausea, how would you
treat it?

19. PERFORMANCE TASK. In this activity you can select one
common injury and follow the procedure in giving basic first
aid. (Record it through video and submit to your teacher)
1. TREATING HEAT EXHAUSTION
A. Get the person to a shaded area that is out of the sun.
B. If there are no shaded areas available, keep the
person covered by any available materials that can block
sunlight.
C. Give the person water and keep them hydrated.
D. Place a cool cloth on their forehead to lower their
body temperature.

20. 2. TREATING CUTS AND SCRAPES
A. Find a clean cloth or bandage
B. Apply gentle pressure for 20 to 30 minutes.
C. Clean the wound by gently running clean water
over it. Avoid using soap on an open wound.
D. Apply antibiotic to the wound, like Neosporin.
E. Cover the wound with a bandage.

21. 3. TREATING SPRAINS
A. Keep the injured limb elevated.
B. Apply ice to the injured area. Don’t apply ice
directly to the skin. Wrap it in a cloth or put ice in a
plastic bag.
C. Keep the injured area compressed. Put it in a brace
or tightly wrap it. Don’t wrap it so tight that it’ll cut
off circulation.
D. Ice for a while. Then compress. Repeat at intervals.