Explore the diverse world of muscles, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac types. Learn about their functions, anatomy, nerve supply, and importance in clinical assessment. Discover how muscles work together to produce movement and understand the implications of muscle tone, attachments, and shape. Gain insights into cardiac muscle necrosis and its consequences.

1. Muscle Types: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
Dr . Ayesha

2. Muscle Types: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
1.Skeletal Muscle:
• Function:
Responsible for producing voluntary movements of
the skeleton.
• Composition:
Comprised of striated muscle fibers.

3. • Action:
• Can act as agonists, antagonists, fixators, or synergists.
• Nerve Supply:
• Mixed nerve trunks with motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers.
• Naming:
• Based on shape, size, attachments, or actions.

5. 2. Smooth Muscle:
Function:
• Regulates involuntary movements in various organs.
Composition:
• Long, spindle-shaped cells in bundles or sheets.
Locations:
• Found in digestive system, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.
Contraction:
• Stimulated by stretching, nerve impulses, or hormones.
• Propulsion: Utilizes peristalsis for movement.

7. 3. Cardiac Muscle:
• Function:
• Forms myocardium, responsible for rhythmic pumping of
blood.
• Composition:
• Striated muscle fibers branching and uniting.
• Contraction:
• Exhibits spontaneous rhythmic contractions.
• Nerve Supply:
• Autonomic nerve fibers, including specialized conducting
system.

9. • Muscle Tone:
• Significance:
Crucial in neurological assessment.
• Flaccidity:
Indicates nerve interruption in reflex arc.
• Hypertonicity:
Suggests lesions in higher motor neurons.

11. • Muscle Attachments:
• Importance:
Essential for understanding muscle actions.
• Knowledge Requirement:
Clinicians must know major muscle attachments.

13. • Muscle Shape and Form:
• Atrophy:
Occurs in paralyzed or unused muscles.
• Comparison:
Useful for assessment and diagnosis.
• Implications:
Immobilization leads to rapid muscle changes.

15. • Cardiac Muscle Necrosis:
• Cause:
• Blockage of coronary arteries
leading to ischemia.
• Consequences:
• Can result in myocardial
infarction and potential patient
death if not promptly treated.