The muscular system consists of muscle cells and tissues that control movement throughout the body. There are three main types of muscle - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle is voluntary muscle that moves bones and maintains posture. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle that lines organs and controls functions like digestion. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart and pumps blood throughout the body under control of the nervous and endocrine systems. The muscular system works with other systems to enable functions essential for survival like mobility, respiration, circulation, and temperature regulation.

1. Muscular system
Presented by:- Madhura Ashok Barapatre

2. Defination:-
• The system in the body composed of muscle cells and
tissues that brings about movement of an organ or body
part.
• There are about 600 muscles in the human body.
• The human body’s muscular system consists of specific
cells called muscle fibers.
• The main muscle groups are chest, back, shoulders, legs, and
arms.
• It is a 42% of body weight.
• It is group of fibers held together by connective tissue and
enclosed in fibrous sheath.
• The fibers of muscle runs from top to bottom.(Horizontal
lining)

3. Properties of muscle:-
1. Contractility:- ability of muscle to shorten and generate pulling force
2. Excitability:- Capacity of muscle response to stimuli.
3. Extensibility:- muscle can be stretch back to its original length.
4. Elasticity:- ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after
stretched.

4. Function of Muscular system:-
• Mobility.
• Posture.
• Stability.
• Circulation.(Heart muscle)
• Respiration.(Diaphragm muscle)
• Temperature Regulation.(Maintaining normal body temperature is
an important function of the muscular system. Almost 85%of the
heat a person generates in their body comes from contracting
muscles.)
• Organ Protection.
• Vision.
• Digestion.
• Urination.

6.  Skeletal Muscle:-
• Organized into groups called fascicles(bundle of muscle fibers).
• Muscle attach to bone directly or through tendons.
• Contain connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
• Long multinucleated fibrous cell.
• Elastic and work with pair.
• Straited.
• Horizontal marking.(conduct electrical impulse)
• Makes up 40% of body weight.
• It is voluntary muscle.
• White muscle- contract rapidly (have poor blood supply)
• Red muscle-contract slowly (have good blood supply)

8. Moment of skeletal muscle:-
• Flexion.
• Extension.
• Medial Rotation.
• Lateral Rotation.
• Supination.
• Pronation.
• Adduction.
• Abduction.
• Etc

9. Function of skeletal muscle:-
• Move Bones.
• Posture.
• Stabilize bones and joints.
• Control Internal moment.
• Generate heat.
• Endocrine regulation.
• Voluntary control by somatic motor neuron.

10.  Smooth Muscle.
• Cells are non striated.
• Fibers are smaller than skeletal muscle.
• Spindle shape, single, central nucleus.
• No sarcomeres.(Unsymmetrical arranged)
• It present through out the body.
• It is involuntary.
• Grouped into sheets in walls of hallow organ (In GI tract help for
peristalsis)

12. Function of smooth muscle:-
The basic functions of smooth muscle in the organ systems
appear listed below.
• Gastrointestinal tract - propulsion of the food bolus.
• Cardiovascular - regulation of blood flow and pressure via
vascular resistance.
• Renal - regulation of urine flow.
• Genital - contractions during pregnancy, propulsion of sperm.
• Respiratory tract - regulation of bronchiole diameter.
• Integument - raises hair with erector pili muscle.

13.  Cardiac muscle.
• Found only in the heart where it forms a thick layer called the
myocardium.
• Straited fibers have branch.
• Each cell usually have centrally located
nucleus.
• Under control of ANS (involuntary) and
endocrine system (hormones)
• Some cell are autorhythmic (spontaneously contract i.e.
Pacemaker cell)
• It is involuntary.

14. Function of cardiac muscle:-
• Pump heart.
• Control Contraction of heart.( nervous system sends signals to
pacemaker cells that prompt them to either speed up or slow
down your heart rate.)
• Pacemaker cells are connected to other cardiac muscle cells,
allowing them to pass along signals. This results in a wave of
contractions of your cardiac muscle, which creates your
heartbeat.

16. Common Conditions:-
• Cancer and other disease.(Sacrcoma, Sclerosis)
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Chronic pain disorders.
• Infections.
• Injuries.
• Medications.