This document discusses theories of how people look at and construct their identities from others, including Freud and Lacan's ideas of scopophilia and understanding oneself through mirrors. It then summarizes Laura Mulvey's 1975 feminist film theory about how mainstream cinema positions women as passive objects for the male gaze through identifying with the male protagonist and desiring the female love interest. Mulvey argued this limits women's roles to narrow and two-dimensional types like the Madonna and the whore. The document asks how looking is happening in the pictured scene and evaluates if narrow roles for women still exist in media today.