The Male Gaze Theory
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Laura Mulvey's 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" introduced the concept of the "male gaze" to describe how films typically adopt the perspective of the heterosexual male viewer. Mulvey argues that films are constructed based on patriarchal ideals that portray women as sexual objects to be looked at. Traditionally, films give men active roles that drive the narrative, while women play more passive roles as erotic objects that slow down the plot. The male gaze results in the objectification and stereotyping of women in cinema for the visual pleasure of male audiences.
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The document discusses the concept of the male gaze and how it objectifies women in film and media by focusing on their bodies and appearance from the perspective of the presumed male viewer. It outlines Laura Mulvey's theory of how women are presented as passive objects for visual pleasure through techniques like voyeurism and the male gaze. The male gaze refers to how women are viewed and presented as sexual objects through the eyes of the presumed male viewer rather than as full subjects.
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Laura Mulvey developed the influential Male Gaze theory, which proposes that in film and media, the audience is positioned to view scenes and women from the perspective of a heterosexual man. This denies women their identity and reduces them to objects for the male gaze. Mulvey also suggests that women can only watch films from a secondary perspective and view themselves through a man's eyes. The theory argues that media perpetuates patriarchal ideals by masculinizing the viewer and objectifying and sexualizing female characters.
Laura Mulvey_The_Male_Gaze
Laura Mulvey's Male Gaze theory proposes that in film and media, the viewer assumes the perspective of a heterosexual man when viewing content. Specific techniques like camera movements, cutaways, and slow motion are used to invite the viewer to examine scenes, especially those featuring women, through a male lens. This denies women autonomy and reduces them to objects of visual pleasure defined by their physical appearance. While women's presence may be important to narratives, they often serve little purpose other than how they make male characters act or feel. Mulvey argues this reflects and reinforces patriarchal ideals in society by consistently framing women from a male perspective.
Laura Mulvey's Female Gaze Theory
Laura Mulvey introduced the concept of the "male gaze" in her influential essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." She argued that in most films, the audience is positioned to view female characters from the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer. This denies women their humanity and reduces them to objects for the male gaze. Mulvey suggested that mainstream films typically portray women in passive roles that exist only in relation to male characters and provide visual pleasure or inspiration for men's actions.
Laura Mulvey - The Male Gaze
Laura Mulvey developed the concept of the "male gaze" in her 1975 essay, arguing that mainstream cinema reflects the underlying patriarchal power structure of society by privileging the male perspective over the female. The male gaze objectifies women on screen for the pleasure and view of the presumed male viewer. Women are often displayed as erotic objects to be looked at rather than active agents. This diminishes women's identities and reduces them to their appearance rather than their personality.
Mulvey and the gaze
Laura Mulvey analyzed how mainstream films appeal to the "male gaze" through their representation of gender. She argued that most films are made from the perspective of male viewers and directors, featuring active male protagonists and passive female objects of desire. This encourages male viewers to identify with male heroes and objectify female characters, gaining voyeuristic pleasure from looking at them without guilt. Mulvey drew on Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic concepts like scopophilia and the mirror stage to explain how cinema appeals to viewers' narcissism and satisfies their unconscious desires.
Laura mulvey the malegaze theory
Laura Mulvey's Male Gaze theory argues that in film and media, the camera lens represents the perspective of the heterosexual male viewer who objectifies female characters. This denies women their subjectivity and reduces them to objects for the male gaze. Mulvey suggests this reinforcement of patriarchal ideals through media can influence societal norms by making female objectification seem normal or desired. The theory is exemplified through common techniques used in films like James Bond to highlight women's physical features from the male perspective.
Media
Laura Mulvey is a 75-year old British feminist film theorist and professor known for her influential 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema". In this essay, she introduced the concept of the "male gaze", arguing that women in film and literature are represented from a male point of view, with men in active roles and women in passive roles. Specifically, the "male gaze" refers to how scenes are framed from the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer, focusing on a woman's body as an erotic object for both characters and spectators to view.
Feminism
The document discusses feminism in media from several perspectives. It outlines how early feminist theory viewed media as patriarchal and aimed at disempowering women. It then provides context on the origins of feminism and the women's liberation movement of the 1970s. Finally, it summarizes Laura Mulvey's theory of the male gaze, which argues that cinema audiences view films voyeuristically and fetishistically in a way that objectifies and reduces female characters.
Applying feminist approaches to media texts
The document discusses theoretical approaches to analyzing media texts, including the concepts of the "male gaze" and the "feminine mystique". It explains that the male gaze refers to media representations produced from a male point of view that objectify women. Meanwhile, the feminine mystique refers to the idealized image of women being solely housewives and mothers that was promoted in 1950s American culture. The document encourages applying these concepts to analyze representations of various female celebrities and discusses how useful these approaches are for making sense of media productions.
The male gaze theory - media
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's theory of the male gaze. Mulvey proposed that in films, the audience is positioned to view characters and scenes from the perspective of a heterosexual male gaze. This objectifies women and denies their humanity by portraying them as objects to be looked at for visual pleasure. According to Mulvey, women in films are often depicted through conventions like lingering shots of their bodies to appeal to the male gaze. Their roles exist to further the narrative of male characters and they are viewed as passive objects under the control of the male gaze.
Vert 7 - Mulvey and The Male Gaze
Romantic love is a concept that emerged in Western culture during the Middle Ages. Some key aspects of romantic love include:
- An idealization of love and lovers. Romantic love is seen as passionate, intense, and transformative.
- A focus on emotion, feelings, and subjective experience rather than practical concerns. Romantic love prioritizes passion, attraction, and emotion over practical matters like wealth, social status, religion, etc.
- An emphasis on attraction to another's inner qualities and uniqueness rather than outer attributes. Romantic love sees beauty within rather than superficial/physical beauty alone.
- An idea of a soulmate or one true love. The belief that there is one special person who perfectly completes
The male gaze
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's theory of the "male gaze", which argues that women are typically objectified in film from the perspective of the heterosexual male viewer. Mulvey states that mainstream cinema prioritizes the male gaze, reflecting an underlying gender power imbalance. The male gaze lingers on women's bodies and presents them as sexual objects for male pleasure. Some criticisms of Mulvey's theory are that it does not consider female viewers or how some women enjoy being looked at. The document also discusses how the male gaze framework has been applied in analyzing genres like horror films.
Laura Mulvey's male gaze thoery
Laura Mulvey was a feminist who coined the term "the Male Gaze" to describe how women are often objectified in film and advertising for the viewing pleasure of heterosexual men. Mulvey argued that women are typically denied a human identity and are instead admired only for their physical appearance. Films and media are often crafted through the perspective of a male viewer, with women having little importance beyond how they make men feel. Examples like the James Bond series demonstrate visual pleasure and the male gaze through the use of women to seduce both the characters and the audience.
The male gaze – laura mulvey
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "Male Gaze" in film. Mulvey coined the term in 1975 to describe how audiences are meant to view characters from the perspective of a heterosexual male. Key aspects of the Male Gaze include the camera lingering on female bodies and presenting women as objects to be admired physically. Female characters often have no real importance themselves and only exist in relation to male characters or as erotic objects for viewers to watch.
The male gaze
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's theory of "the male gaze" in cinema. Mulvey argues that cinema and visual media are typically constructed from a patriarchal and male point of view. Women are often depicted as objects for the male gaze, either as sexual objects ("voyeuristic") or idealized figures ("fetishistic"). The male viewer identifies with powerful male protagonists who control the action and narrative. Examples are given of how women are portrayed in Hollywood films and advertising to appeal to and be viewed by the male gaze. The theory is applied to analyze representations of gender, sexuality and power dynamics in music videos, TV shows, and other media forms.
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Evaluation Question 1
This document discusses the genre, characters, themes, and challenges of a short teen drama film created by the author. The genre is drama, specifically teen drama/social drama. The film focuses on the lives of four high school students dealing with everyday problems. Locations include bedrooms and a high school. Editing techniques like color balancing and transitions were used to enhance the drama. Both female and male characters with different personalities were included to appeal to both genders. The film aims to target teenagers and parents but does not focus on any particular social class, race, or ethnicity. The biggest challenge was to tell the story with minimal dialogue through actions and camera work.
Evaluation Question 2
The elements of the filmmaker's production work together to create a sense of bonding through a website and postcard used to promote the film. The website contains tabs with information about the cast, contact details, a link to the director's blog, and the film itself. Mysterious pictures from the film scenes are used on the home page to hint at the story. The low-key colored postcard features a picture of the blog which is a main element connecting all the characters and is meant to raise questions in the audience. Both the website and postcard effectively promoted the film by correlating to its themes of being low-key, sad yet hopeful, and connecting the characters.
Shot List - We Are Trying
The document provides a shot list for a film or video containing 50 different shots ranging from extreme close-ups to wide shots including panning shots, mid shots, long shots, over the shoulder shots, two shots, and point of view shots.
Film treatment - We Are Trying
1) The document is a film treatment that outlines six scenes in Act 1. Scene I introduces Anna who is updating her blog before school. Scene II shows Mike reading a blog in his lonely home as he tries to avoid his abusive stepfather.
2) In Scene III, Joyce reads Anna's blog in the car before arguing with her mother, while Anna walks to class after the argument. Scene IV depicts Kai having an argument with his girlfriend on the stairs, then reading Anna's blog.
3) Scene V shows Anna, two girls and Mike in class, where one girl teases Anna before Mike speaks up for her. Scene VI has Anna reading positive comments on her blog and deciding to lead a healthier
We are trying SCREENPLAY
The document is a screenplay outline describing scenes from the lives of several teenagers. In the first scene, Anna works on her blog "We Are Trying" from her bedroom. In the second scene, Mike discovers Anna's blog and is inspired to leave his house. In the third scene, Joyce talks with her mother in the car about needing to decide her future, but says she doesn't know what she wants. The screenplay goes on to describe interactions between the teenagers at school where some find inspiration or comfort from Anna's blog.
Website Analysis
The website for the movie 12 Years a Slave is analyzed. The main page features the movie title, a description, awards information, and links to learn more or purchase the film. A video clip from the movie plays in the background. Navigation instructions are provided. Scrolling down shows information on the main actor, including future projects and a quote. Similar sections provide details on other cast members. Towards the end, film clips and quotes are included. The site asks viewers to connect on social media and find theaters showing the movie, closing with the cast listing. Overall, the site maintains a dark, simple visual theme with minimal text.
Genre
This document discusses the genre of drama in film. It states that drama depicts realistic characters dealing with emotional struggles and conflicts. Central to drama is a character or characters facing crucial conflicts in their lives, often revolving around family and asking deep questions. Drama has serious rather than humorous tones and includes subgenres like teen drama. Teen drama focuses on the ups and downs of adolescence. Characteristics of drama include low key lighting, sad but hopeful storylines, normal realistic settings, and simpler camera work and editing to make the scenario look natural. The author chose to work in the drama genre this year to create something realistic that audiences can relate to and find hope in life.
Film screenplay
Hana is packing for her trip to get married to Kei, a man she met and promised to marry when she was 7 years old. Her friend Kristin is skeptical about the arrangement since Hana and Kei are strangers now at 18 years old. When Kristin presses Hana on what Kei looks like now, Hana avoids the question and falls deep into her imagination, envisioning Kei on a beach with discreet shots that do not show his face, as she does not truly know what he looks like after so many years.
Log sheet
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The Male Gaze Theory
- 1. The Male Gaze Laura Mulvey
- 2. What is the ‘Male Gaze’? The Male gaze is a term discussed by Laura Mulvey in her essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975). It is used to describe when the audience is put into the perspective of a (heterosexual) man. Female characters are sexualized, and the camera may zero in on female body parts considered sexual.
- 3. Mulvey incorporates the Freudian idea of phallocentrism into "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema". Using Freud's thoughts, Mulvey insists on the idea that the images, characters, plots and stories, and dialogues in films are inadvertently built on the ideals of patriarchies, both within and beyond sexual contexts. She also incorporates the works of thinkers like Jacques Lacan and meditates on the works of directors Josef von Sternberg and Alfred Hitchcock.
- 4. Traditionally • Men play active roles which drive the narrative. • Women play passive roles and are seen as erotic objects, which slow the narrative. • Men outnumber women. • Female roles are sideline. • Lead roles for women scarce.
- 5. Stereotypes used in media to represent women: • Bimbo • Female’s physical attraction, such as figure. • Easy • Housewife • Mother • Intelligent yet willing to settle down.
- 6. • Two distinct modes of the male gaze of this era: voyeuristic (an obsessive observer of sordid or sensational subjects) & fetishistic (excessive attention or attraction to something) • Films presented images of women that were produced simply for the grafitation of male viewers. • Various studies in the 1970’s found men to be the dominant characters and decision makers in film and TV production.
- 7. HOWEVER! • CHANGES IN SOCIETY CHANGES IN WOMEN’S ROLES CHANGES IN MEDIA REPRESENTATION. • WHY? : To show the audience a change. The audience would like to relate to the media content and if the women in real life are changing so should the women portrayed through media.
- 8. Some things never change… Or take a while Women are still represented in today's media as: • A female may get a masculine role but is usually presented in fitted clothes for the male audience to seek pleasure from. • Barely will you see female action stars that are not attractive.
- 9. What is ‘Misogyny’: Hatred of women. The contempt or hatred of women and girls.
- 10. References: • Wikipedia • www.aber.ac.uk • www.kracauer-lectures.de/en/sommer- 2014/laura-mulvey/
- 11. RESEARCH BY: MISHA IRFAN(AS-F) AND NAOMI HAVELIWALA(AS-F)