The document examines the evolution of multiculturalism in the US and UK, highlighting its roots in the civil rights movement and immigration, along with the challenges of racial and social discrimination. Critiques from figures such as David Cameron address issues of separatism and the need for integration within communities, particularly toward the Muslim population. Additionally, it discusses the necessity of multicultural education to address the underachievement of ethnic minorities and the importance of combating racism within the educational system.

1. Historical Development
of Multiculturalism
JUN A. MOSQUEZA
MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION

2. USA, 1960’s
- multiculturalism
grew out the civil
rights movement
Social
Economic
(Banks, 2009), -marginalized
groups demand equal rights

3. multiculturalism is said not to have
emanated from a political
movement but from immigration
focuses on the consequences
of immigration.
(Modood, 2007 ) United Kingdom
UK Government’s
philosophy

4. is a one-way process where ‘newcomers
do little to disturb the society they are
settling in and become as much like their
new compatriots as possible.
(Modood, 2007)

5. Two
main
reason
s
Castles
(2009)
 racial / ethnic
discrimination
 social
disadvantage
(work and housing)
 Language
 religion
 Customs
 IDENTITY

6. Castles, 2009
UK Policies: re-labeled
• Integration
• Social cohesion
• Multiculturalism
A two-way process where
members of the majority
community as well as
immigrants and ethnical
minorities are required to do
something.

7. criticism against
multiculturalism

8. David Cameron has
criticized "state
multiculturalism" in
his first speech as
prime minister on
radicalization and
the causes of
terrorism.“David Cameron said Britain had
encouraged different cultures to live
separate lives…”
“It's time the right hand knew what the
far-right hand is doing.”
"Again it just seems the Muslim community
is very much in the spotlight, being treated
as part of the problem as opposed to part of
the solution."
David Cameron - UK Prime Minister
Munich Security Conference 2011

12. Multicultural Education

16. 1977 CSCRRI
• Poor performance
• African-Caribbean children
• Underlying causes of underachievement
1979 Comm.
On Inquiry
• Education for Children
• Ethnic Minority Groups
• Anthony Rampton
1981Rampton
Report
• Low teacher expectation
• Racial prejudice
• Major factor: racism among black children
1985 – Lord Michael Swann, Education for All
Ethnic minorities –
underachieving as a
result of
disadvantage from
low social economic
status
Suffering from racial
prejudice and
discrimination both
within school outside
and inside
Results:
IQ is not significant
factor in
underachievement

17. a. The fundamental change
that is necessary is the
recognition that the problem
facing the educational system
is not how to educate children
of ethnic minorities but how to
educate all children.
b. Britain is a multiracial and
multicultural society and all
pupils must be enable to
understand what this means.
c. It is necessary to combat
racism, to attack inherited
myths and stereotypes, and
the ways in which they are
embodied in institutional
process.
d. Multicultural understanding
has also to permeate all
aspects of a school’s work. It
is not separate topic that can
be welded on to existing
practices
Swann Report , Influenced
Multicultural Education in UK.
**Recommendations:

18. They understood that there was an
underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in the
teaching profession.