The document discusses the concepts of multiculturalism and multicultural education, outlining four approaches to the latter while emphasizing the importance of cultural support for lasting change. It defines multiculturalism as a systematic response to cultural and ethnic diversity with various components and highlights both its advantages, such as facilitating cultural exchanges, and disadvantages, such as creating national disunity. The document also explores three referents of multiculturalism, including demographic-descriptive, ideological-normative, and programmatic-political usages.

1. Cultural Changes
Mercy D. Gonzales

2. Learning outcomes
 Discuss the concepts of multiculturalism and
multicultural education
 Identify and explain the four approaches to
multicultural education
 Describe student subcultures
 Determine the diverse characteristics and needs
of learners

3. Introduction
Whenever two or more people come together with
a shared purpose, they form a culture with its own
written and unwritten rules for behaviour. Our
families, workplaces, and communities all have
cultures. These cultures have tremendous, though
rarely recognized impact upon our behaviour as
individuals.
Changes in culture that are initiated by a group
need cultural support from the members of the
group, or else they will not last long. A supportive
cultural environment is needed for lasting change.

5. What is Multiculturalism
 According to Harrison (1984),
multiculturalism is a theory about the
foundations of a culture rather than a
practice which subsumes cultural ideas.
 Multiculturalism is a systematic and
comprehensive response to cultural and
ethnic diversity, with educational, linguistic,
economic and social components, and
specific institutional mechanisms.

6.  Multiculturalism is a policy that emphasizes
the unique characteristics of different
cultures, especially as they relate to one
another in receiving nations.

7. Advantages of Multiculturalism
 Lead cultural exchanges
 Add variety in the life of the citizens
 Bridges the chasm of ignorance and
arrogance

8. Disadvantages of Multiculturalism
 Brings anxiety to stability of national identity
 Creates national disunity
 Questionable loyalties

9. Three Referents of Multiculturalism
1. The demographic-descriptive usage occurs
where the word multicultural refers to the
existence of linguistically, culturally, and
ethnically diverse segments in the
population of a society or state.

10. 2. Ideological-normative usage of
multiculturalism generates the greatest level
of debate, since it constitutes a slogan for
political action.
 It constitutes a specific focus towards the
management and organization of
governmental responses to ethnic diversity.
(Exclusion, Apartheid, Ethnic cleansing, and
Genocide)

11. 3. Programmatic-political usage of
multiculturalism refers to the specific
policies developed to respond and manage
ethnic diversity.