This document discusses cultural diversity and multicultural education. It addresses four approaches to multicultural education proposed by James Banks: contribution, additive, transformation, and social action. The goal of multicultural education is to create equal educational opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds by acquiring knowledge, developing attitudes and skills to interact and communicate across cultural groups. It also discusses the concepts of culture, subculture, and how subcultures provide identity and allow for cultural adaptation.

2. MULTIPLE GROUPS OF CULTURE
ONE SOCIETY
IMMIGRANT/S
CULTURAL EXCHANGES

3. DEMOGRAPHIC-DESCRIPTIVE
IDEOLOGICAL-NORMATIVE
PROGRAMMATIC-POLITICAL

5. creates equal
educational
opportunities for
students from
diverse racial,
ethnic, social class
and cultural groups.

6. Acquire KnowledgeAcquire Knowledge
Develop AttitudesDevelop Attitudes
Develop SkillsDevelop Skills
To InteractTo Interact
To NegotiateTo Negotiate
To communicate withTo communicate with
people from diversepeople from diverse
groupsgroups

7. James Banks':
"FOUR APPROACHES"
1. CONTRIBUTION APPROACH
2. ADDITIVE APPROACH
3. TRANSFORMATION APPROACH
4. SOCIAL ACTION APPROACH

9. CONTENT
INTEGRATION
PREJUDICE
REDUCTION
EQUITY
PEDAGOGY
EMPOWERING
SCHOOL &
CULTURE
STRUCTURE
KNOWLEDGE
CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS

11. Refers to cultural patterns
that set apart some
segment of a society’s
population.
It can be based on age,
ethnicity, residence, sexual,
preference, occupation,
and many other factors.

12. In termsIn terms
of a generalof a general
sense ofsense of
culture.culture.
In termsIn terms
of a specificof a specific
sense ofsense of
subsub
-cultures.-cultures.
•what in mean to peoplewhat in mean to people..
•the various groups we belong tothe various groups we belong to
involve particular sets of normsinvolve particular sets of norms
that apply only when wethat apply only when we
participate in these groups.participate in these groups.

13. Permitting
specialized activity
• subcultures carry
the knowledge
necessary to
perform specialized
tasks.
Identity in mass
society
• subcultures also
provide a source
of identity in mass
society. Cultural adaptation
and change
• Subcultures’ function
is to serve as a source
of adaptation of
society.