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MT2301_Unit II.pdf
- 1. MT2301 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING Dr. K. Kannan, M.E., M.E., Ph.D., Professor & Head, Department of Mechatronics Engineering
- 2. Preamble • To familiarize the architecture and fundamental units of microcontroller. • To understand the microcontroller programming methodology • To acquire the interfacing skills • To exchange data using various communication protocols.
- 3. Unit I – Introduction to Microcontroller (9) • Fundamentals, Functions of ALU • Microprocessor, Microcontrollers, CISC and RISC, Types Microcontroller • 8051 Family, Architecture, Features and Specifications • Memory Organization • Instruction Sets and Addressing Modes.
- 4. Unit II – Programming and Communication (9) Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming Instruction to Assembler, Compiler and IDE C Programming for 8051 Microcontroller Basic Arithmetic and Logical Programming Timer and Counter, Interrupts Interfacing and Programming of Serial Communication, I2C, SPI and CAN of 8051 Microcontroller Bluetooth and WI-FI interfacing of 8051 Microcontroller.
- 5. Unit III – ARM Processor (9) • Introduction ARM 7 Processor • Internal Architecture • Modes of Operations • Register Set, Instruction Sets • ARM Thumb, Thumb State Registers • Pipelining • Basic programming of ARM 7 - Applications.
- 6. Unit IV – PIC Microcontroller (9) • Architecture • Instruction set, Addressing modes • Timers, Interrupt logic • CCP modules • ADC
- 7. Unit V – Real Time Operating System (9) • Real time operating systems Architecture • Tasks and Task states - Tasks and Data • Semaphore and shared data • Message queues, mail boxes and pipes, • Encapsulating semaphores and queues • Interrupt routines in an RTOS Environment.
- 8. Learning Resources Text Books 1. David E. Simon, An embedded software primer, Addison – Wesley, Indian Edition Reprint,2009. 2. Kenneth J. Aylala, The 8051 Microcontroller, the Architecture and Programming Applications, 2003. Reference Books 1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispic Mazdi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Pearson Education, 2006. 2. James W. Stewart, The 8051 Microcontroller Hardware, Software and
- 9. Outcome CO. No. Course Outcome K-Level CO1 Explain the various functional units of microcontroller, processors and system-on-chip based on the features and specifications. K2 CO2 Recognize the role of each functional units in microcontroller, processors and system-on-chip based on the features and specifications. K2 CO3 Explain the architecture and Instruction set in ARM Processor K2 CO4 Explain the architecture and fundamental operating concepts behind PIC Microcontroller K2 CO5 Summarize the basics of Real time operating system and its applications. K2
- 10. Unit II – Programming and Communication (9) Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming Instruction to Assembler, Compiler and IDE C Programming for 8051 Microcontroller Basic Arithmetic and Logical Programming Timer and Counter, Interrupts Interfacing and Programming of Serial Communication, I2C, SPI and CAN of 8051 Microcontroller Bluetooth and WI-FI interfacing of 8051 Microcontroller.
- 11. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 12. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 13. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 14. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 15. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 16. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 17. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 18. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 19. Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming
- 20. Assembler, Compiler & IDE The difference between compiler and assembler is that a compiler is used to convert high-level programming language code into machine language code. On the other hand, an assembler converts assembly level language code into machine language code. Both these terms are relevant in context to program execution. An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that helps programmers develop software code efficiently. It increases developer productivity by combining capabilities such as software editing, building, testing, and packaging in an easy-to-use application
- 21. 8051 Assembler
- 22. 8051 Assembler
- 23. 8051 Assembler
- 24. 8051 Assembler
- 25. 8051 Assembler
- 26. 8051 Assembler
- 27. 8051 Assembler
- 28. 8051 Assembler
- 29. 8051 Assembler
- 30. 8051 Assembler
- 31. 8051 Assembler
- 32. 8051 Assembler
- 33. 8051 Assembler
- 34. 8051 Assembler
- 35. 8051 Assembler
- 36. 8051 Assembler
- 37. 8051 Assembler
- 70. I/O Programming
- 71. I/O Programming
- 72. I/O Programming
- 73. I/O Programming
- 74. I/O Programming
- 75. I/O Programming
- 76. I/O Programming
- 77. I/O Programming
- 78. I/O Programming
- 79. I/O Programming
- 80. I/O Programming
- 81. I/O Programming
- 82. I/O Programming
- 83. I/O Programming
- 84. I/O Programming
- 85. I/O Programming
- 86. I/O Programming
- 87. I/O Programming
- 88. I/O Programming
- 89. I/O Programming
- 90. I/O Programming
- 91. I/O Programming
- 92. I/O Programming
- 93. I/O Programming
- 94. I/O Programming
- 95. I/O Programming
- 96. I/O Programming
- 97. I/O Programming
- 98. I/O Programming
- 99. Timers & Counters Programming
- 100. Timers & Counters Programming
- 101. Timers & Counters Programming
- 102. Timers & Counters Programming
- 103. Timers & Counters Programming
- 104. Timers & Counters Programming
- 105. Timers & Counters Programming
- 106. Timers & Counters Programming
- 107. Timer and Counter Programming
- 108. Timer and Counter Programming
- 109. Timer and Counter Programming
- 110. Timer and Counter Programming
- 111. Timer and Counter Programming
- 112. Timer and Counter Programming
- 113. Timer and Counter Programming
- 114. Timer and Counter Programming
- 115. Timer and Counter Programming
- 116. Timer and Counter Programming
- 117. Timer and Counter Programming
- 118. Timer and Counter Programming
- 119. Timer and Counter Programming
- 120. Timer and Counter Programming
- 121. Timer and Counter Programming
- 122. Timer and Counter Programming
- 123. Timer and Counter Programming
- 124. Timer and Counter Programming
- 125. Timer and Counter Programming
- 126. Timer and Counter Programming
- 179. I2C Interfacing I²C is a serial computer bus, which is invented by NXP semiconductors (Philips semiconductors). The I²C bus is used to attach low-speed peripheral integrated circuits to 8051 microcontrollers. I²C bus uses two bidirectional lines such as SDA (serial data line) and SCl (serial clock line). I²C bus permits a master device to start communication with a slave device. Data is interchanged between these two devices. Typical voltages used are +3.3V or +5V although systems with extra voltages are allowed. Nowadays new microcontrollers have inbuilt I²C Registers. But in 8051 there is no such registers. For the sake of interfacing I²C, EEPROM should be interfaced with 8051
- 180. I2C Interfacing
- 181. I2C Interfacing Write Mode Send the START command from the Master. Send Device (EEPROM) Address with write mode. Send Register address in Device (EEPROM) Send the Data to the Device (EEPROM). If more than one byte to be send, keep sending that byte. Finally, Send the STOP command. Read Mode Send the START command from the Master. Send Device (EEPROM) Address with Read mode. Send Register address in Device (EEPROM) Send again START command Send Device address with Reading mode. Read the data from Device (EEPROM). Finally, Send the STOP command.
- 182. I2C Interfacing Initially, SDA and SCL are High. SDA first goes to Zero. Then SCL goes to Zero. Initially, SDA and SCL are low. SCL first goes to High. Then SDA goes to High.
- 183. Serial Peripheral Interface Serial bus protocol Fast, easy to use, and simple Very widely used Not “standardized” A 4-wire communications bus Typically communicate across short distances Supports Single master Multiple slaves Synchronized Communications are “clocked”
- 184. Serial Peripheral Interface Always full-duplex Communicates in both directions simultaneously Transmitted (or received) data may not be meaningful Multiple Mbps transmission speeds 0-50 MHz clock speeds not uncommon Transfer data in 4 to 16 bit characters Supports multiple slaves
- 185. Serial Peripheral Interface MOSI – carries data out of master to slave MISO – carries data out of slave to master Both MOSI and MISO are active during every transmission SS# (or CS) – unique line to select each slave chip SCLK – produced by master to synchronize transfers
- 186. Serial Peripheral Interface SPI uses a “shift register” model of communications Master shifts out data to Slave, and shifts in data from Slave
- 187. Serial Peripheral Interface Two bus configuration models Master and multiple independent slave Master and multiple daisy-chained slaves
- 188. Controller Area Network CAN is a serial bus system developed to satisfy the following requirements: Network multiple microcontrollers with 1 pair of wires. Allow microcontrollers communicate with each other. High speed, real-time communication. Provide noise immunity in an electrically noisy environment. Low cost
- 189. Who uses CANBUS? • Designed specifically for automotive applications • Today - industrial automation / medical equipment 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Automotive Medical / Industrial Markets CANBUS Market Distribution
- 190. CANBUS and the OSI Model
- 191. CANBUS Physical Layer Physical medium – two wires terminated at both ends by resistors. Differential signal - better noise immunity. Benefits: Reduced weight, Reduced cost Fewer wires = Increased reliability
- 192. Transmission Characteristics CAN is a serial, asynchronous, multi-master communication protocol for connecting control modules. CAN supports bit rates in the range of 1Kbps to 1Mbps. The data rate less than 125Kbps normally known as low speed CAN. Data rate 125Kbps to 1Mbps is known as high speed CAN. CAN node has its own clock generator for sampling the incoming data.
- 193. CAN uses single wire, dual wire or fault tolerant techniques for signaling. In single wire CAN data rates are 33.3Kbps and 83.33Kbps and signaling is single ended. Dual wire CAN data rates are at high speed CAN and signaling is differential. Fault tolerant CAN intended for low speed CAN. If any wire is shorted to battery or ground, fault tolerant CAN still be operational. Binary zero is represented by a "dominant" state in the bus and binary one by a recessive state. Transmission Characteristics
- 194. If the network is idle, any node can send a message. If two messages are sent simultaneously, the node that sends a recessive bit, but detects a dominant bit stops transmitting, leaving the network free for the higher priority message. The higher priority message is not corrupted. Transmission Characteristics
- 195. Message Oriented Transmission Protocol • Each node – receiver & transmitter • A sender of information transmits to all devices on the bus • All nodes read message, then decide if it is relevant to them • All nodes verify reception was error-free • All nodes acknowledge reception
- 196. Message Format • Each message has an ID, Data and overhead. • Data –8 bytes max • Overhead – start, end, CRC, ACK
- 197. Message Format
- 198. Bus Arbitration • Arbitration – needed when multiple nodes try to transmit at the same time • Only one transmitter is allowed to transmit at a time. • A node waits for bus to become idle • Nodes with more important messages continue transmitting
- 199. Bus Arbitration • Message importance is encoded in message ID. Lower value = More important • As a node transmits each bit, it verifies that it sees the same bit value on the bus that it transmitted. • A “0” on the bus wins over a “1” on the bus. • Losing node stops transmitting, winner continues.
- 200. Thank You