MOVE Congress 2019: Dr Jacqueline Mair (Edinburgh Napier University) Can Technology Help People to Move More and Sit Less?
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MOVE Congress 2019 presentation by Jacqueline Mair, Lecturer in Exercise Physiology at Edinburgh Napier University, in the track 'Game-changers connecting physical activity and health' on 17 October.
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MOVE Congress 2019: Dr Jacqueline Mair (Edinburgh Napier University) Can Technology Help People to Move More and Sit Less?
- 1. Can technology help people to move more and sit less? Dr Jacqueline Mair @jacquelinelmair
- 2. Technology. How far have we come? 2 2007 2015 ‘18/1920001984
- 3. Technology Wearable technology = ACSM’s number 1 fitness trend in 2019 Smartphone apps and wearable devices are being used to help change health behaviours. 85% of EU adults own a smartphone 3 97% of EU adults have access to internet
- 4. 4 Can technology be used to increase PA, reduced SB and improve the health of the population?
- 5. Using technology to deliver and monitor exercise prescription Mair JL et al (2014) Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 34: 10-17 Doheny et al (2013) Annals Biomed Eng, 41(8): 1748-1757 5
- 6. Using technology to reduce sedentary behaviour at work 7 Technology-enhanced interventions can be effective in reducing SB by ~41 min/day.7 7Stephenson et al (2017) Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 14, 105
- 7. digital reminders environment self-monitoring 9 Using technology to reduce sedentary behaviour at work prompts team challenges workday changes education organisational support 8Stephenson et al. (2019) JOEM, in review
- 8. Worktivity Self-monitoring Goal setting Feedback Prompts 12 Using technology to reduce sedentary behaviour at work Educational ‘Factoids’
- 9. 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 Control App App and Desk %ofworkday Baseline Week 8 159Stephenson et al. In preparation. 336 promptsincreased awareness 3% immediate Using technology to reduce sedentary behaviour at work benefits productivity simplicity choice of posture barriers work priorities inaccuracies frustration/guilt novelty wears off Fix inaccuracies, more automation, context specific
- 10. 17 Effects of restricting screen time on PA, SB and sleep
- 11. 18 Effects of restricting screen time on PA, SB and sleep > 15.5 h social media 839 Pick ups > 28 h / wk screen time 615 notifications
- 12. 19 Effects of restricting screen time on PA, SB and sleep 11Mair and MacDonald. In preparation *
- 13. 20 • Quantified Self • Measurement accuracy • Digital distraction • Personalisation • Co-design • Discreet technology • Smart environments • Importance of context • Demographics • Infrastructure • Systems • Policy planning So, where to next? www.phgfoundation.org/research/my-healthy-future Getting ahead of the game individualspopulations
- 14. Take home message… 21 We can, and we should, harness the power of technology to promote and facilitate moving more Technology provides useful measurement tools and data sources to better understand population health Technology gives us the ability to engage with traditionally hard to reach populations Digital distraction phenomenon could be harnessed to encourage more positive health behaviours
- 15. Thank you Aoife Stephenson, Marie Murphy, Suzanne McDonough, Chris Nugent, Mathias Garcia-Constantino, Iseult Wilson, Colin Boreham, Giuseppe De Vito, Massimiliano Ditroilo, David McKeown, Madeleine Lowry, Brian Caulfield, Maxine MacDonald @jacquelinelmair 22
Editor's Notes
- Anyone here remember the launch of the first mobile phone?.... You’re showing your age!! I wasn’t born then, but I remember this beauty…. and I think all of us here should remember life before smartphones? The iphone launched in 2007 and the first fitbit activity tracker in 2008 and since then then these relatively affordable and unobtrusive technologies have rapidly increased in popularity with large proportions of the population Young adults – or generation Z - are the first generation to grow up completely in the information age
- Self-tracking (objective and subjective) by individuals, particularly of health and fitness information, has become increasingly common
- I’m going to speak about 3 research projects that I have been involved with
- Back in 2010 I was researching the health benefits of accumulating short blasts of high intensity exercise – and had the opportunity to work on an EU funded project and apply this work within an technology-delivered programme aimed at prolonging independce in older adults So of the key aims were the ability to track adherence to the prescription Monitor progress remotely and send results to health care providers –so that they can be reviewed and adapted where necessary. Less resource intensive, more scalable and sustainable and can be carried out at home or in a workplace environemtn for example The software guided them through their exercise session – logging HR, stepping rate and RPE Excellent adherence to the programme (96%) Significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and functional abilities This sparked my interest in using technology to get people to move more and sit less -
- Office workers can spend 81% of the working day sedentary.13 Occupational sitting has been linked with increased mortality,14 diabetes mellitus,14 and obesity.15 Reducing SB alleviates musculoskeletal discomfort, increases worker productivity16, improves fatigue17 and may be beneficial for mental health.18 Computer, mobile and wearable technology tools resulted in a mean reduction in SB of 41.28 min per day (95% CI -60.99, −21.58, I2 = 77%, n = 1402), in favour of the intervention group at end point follow-up. What about in the workplace? There have been reports of office workers spending up to 81% of their working day sedentary. Orkplaces – people spend a lot of time sitting – but in an envirometn that is increasibly associated with pressure to meet targets and deadlines – therefore increased stress – work related stress has increased dramatically in the last couple of years Quality of behaviour important?
- Office workers can spend 81% of the working day sedentary and this is linked to poor health Occupational sitting has been linked with increased mortality,14 diabetes mellitus,14 and obesity.15 Reducing SB alleviates musculoskeletal discomfort, increases worker productivity16, improves fatigue17 and may be beneficial for mental health.18 Computer, mobile and wearable technology tools resulted in a mean reduction in SB of 41.28 min per day (95% CI -60.99, −21.58, I2 = 77%, n = 1402), in favour of the intervention group at end point follow-up. Orkplaces – people spend a lot of time sitting – but in an envirometn that is increasibly associated with pressure to meet targets and deadlines – therefore increased stress – work related stress has increased dramatically in the last couple of years Quality of behaviour important?
- people are aware they need to sit less, but not sure why or how. They feel a need for education. they are not convinced that standing alone is enough, they feel they need to do PA They realised that at work, work comes first. They fear that without environmental changes that productivity could be affected. It is not a priority of the organisation as it is not a pressing issue to their staff taking leave etc. The issues that may arise are more long term. If change is to happen, beacuse we cannot see the negative health issues quickly- we need to provide research and evidence to persuade the organsiation to change their policy. Technology may work if quick and easy and not interfering with work too much.
- Social influence theory/interactivity important trait of effective health behaviour interventions Involvement of recipients in design/engagement of intervention increases likelihood of adoption of desired behaviours (30) Prefer positive to negative feedback (31) Tailored communication more effective than generic (32) Messages emphasizing positive attitude towards healthy behaviour are more motivating than those focusing on threats and risks (32) Use of more advanced feedback/engagement strategies to make major improvements in engagement (14) Wearable technology = the number 1 fitness trend in 2017 (ACSM, 2016) 76% of UK adults own a smartphone (Ofcom, 2017)
- The self reporting section included a Sider to log time sitting in last 60 mins. The users are prompted to log every 60 minutes during their work day. A daily progress report of a graph representing how much time of the day is spent in sitting is available for them to view.
- The self reporting section included a Sider to log time sitting in last 60 mins. The users are prompted to log every 60 minutes during their work day. A daily progress report of a graph representing how much time of the day is spent in sitting is available for them to view.
- Based on this research we dicede to design an app – and we used a user-centred and iterative design process informed by behaviour change theory to create an app – worktivity – with incorportated 5 BCTs We tested the feasibility of the app in a cluster RCT where one group received the app, one group received the app and a sitstand workstation and a control group
- Productivity was measured daily for 5 consecutive days using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) via text-messaging or e-mail where participants responded to a single question relating to perceived work productivity. Mood was measured using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS).
- How many were emailed. How many in total in the workplace Aim: To undertake a process evaluation of the school-based walking intervention in relation to five key themes
- facilitators may be needed alongside technology-enhanced interventions to reduce occupational SB. the acknowledgement of a prompt alert means that the participants reacted to a prompt alert by recording their sitting time during the previous hour. Drop-out Control = 18% App = 15% App + Desk = 15%
- Initial results indicate mean reductions in daily sitting time of 76 mins/day in group B, compared with 29 mins/day in group A and 22 mins/day in group C, suggesting environmental facilitators may be needed alongside technology-enhanced interventions to reduce occupational SB.
- Other = reading, playing cards, socialising with friends and family or anything that does not fall in to the other leisure time categories Already active sample (meeting guidelines – so room for improvement might have been lessened in terms of PA) The GPAQ questionnaire highlighted that travel related PA increased considerably. This result is difficult to explain as smartphone screen time tends to be predominant in leisure domain (Lepp, Li, Barkley & Salehi-Esfahani, 2015) and it was hypothesized that changes would be dominant in the recreation domain. Travel is a habitual behaviour that is unlikely to be influenced (Osman Idris, Habib, Tudela & Shalaby, 2015) however, previous research has shown that interventions monitoring PA and SB can raise awareness of how individuals spend their time (Godino et al., 2014; van Sluijs, Griffin & van Poppel, 2007) and therefore active travel could have been utilised as a result of the intervention
- Pace of change
- We have an opportunity to use technology better understand and improve physical activity at an individual level all the way through to a population level – I believe we should be utilizing technology for population level physical activity surveillance and id love to talk to people who have an interest in this! The information age has developed at pace from the 1960’s to 00’s. It is only now that we have the capability to really use – there is a balance here which people are already starting to become aware of – and a window of opportunity to take advantage of that 60-00 real growth of information age Useful data on PA etc – data sources – measurement Accurate – engage with audience – reach Digital distraction/addiction – aware of time spent using technology – build on this to encourage movement and living life Only now with more accurate and smart technologies, big data and AI, with reach, can we really affect lifestyle – health related intervention through technology