This project involves automating a motor pump system using a PIC16F77A microcontroller. The system uses three water level sensors to detect the level in the main tank and storage tank. When the main tank level is low, the motor turns on to pump water into the storage tank. When the storage tank is full, the motor turns off. The PIC microcontroller is programmed using C language and controls a relay module to switch the motor on and off based on the sensor readings. The system aims to automatically refill the storage tank when needed without manual intervention.

1. By :- Shashwat dev hans
14130E03014

2. MOTOR PUMP
AUTOMATION
SYSTEM

3. INTRODUCTION
This project is an “automation on motor pump”, where motor
pump automatically switched ON or OFF by sensing different
water levels. It have four basic block diagram
Sensing Controll
ed
system
Relay
Switching
Pumping

4. SENSING
The sensing element used for this
system is just a basic physics of electronics which
is “a water is a good conductor of electricity” at
different levels of water tank two terminal are
installed ‘t1’and ‘t2’ with positive and negative
potential respectively which is open when there
was no water at that level. After the water reached
to that level the terminals get closed and complete
its sensing circuit.

5. FIGURE OF SENSING ELEMENTS
Water
tank
main
tank
T1 :-Positive
T2 :- Negative

6. CONTROLLED SYSTEM
PIC16F77A is used for controlling this system it is an
8-bit microcontroller It has a total number of 40 pins
and there are 33 pins for input and output

7. INITIALIZATION OF CONTROLLER
 Pin 1 is reset pin, it should be connected to 5V, for reset the
controller connect pin 1 to 0V
 pin 11 and 32 is VDD, pin connected with 5V.
 Pin 12 and 31 is VSS, pin connected with ground.
 Pin 13 and 14 is oscillator input pin connected with crystal
oscillator IC 20kHZ with 2 capacitors of 22pf .
Rest of the 33 pins are I/O port

8. INITIALIZATION FIGURE OF PIC16F77A

9. PROGRAMMING OF CONTROLLER
As we know that PIC16F877A is a
programmable IC
It is programmed by MPLAB XIDE with C language and
later these C codes are converted into assembly
language.
The hex file is burned by pickit2 universal PIC
programmer board.

10. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Essentially, crystal oscillators are devices in which the
oscillator circuit makes use of the mechanical
resonance of a piezoelectric material, most commonly a
quartz crystal, to create an electrical signal with a
precise, stable frequency. The signal thus created is
usually referred to as a clock signal and is used to
synchronize the operation of the other electronic
devices that make up the system
It is basically used for timing and control unit of
microcontroller

11. CAPACITOR
The capacitor is a component which has the ability to
store energy in the form of an electrical charge
producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across
its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery.
There are many different kinds of capacitors available
from very small capacitor beads used in resonance
circuits to large power factor correction capacitors, but
they all do the same thing, they store charge.

12. RESISTOR
Resistors are the most commonly used component in
electronics and their purpose is to create specified
values of current and voltage in a circuit. A number of
different resistors are shown in the figure.
A resistor gives voltage drop for the circuit and also
essential for the protection of different elements
connected.

13. TRANSISTOR
The transistor is a semiconductor device that can function as a
signal amplifier or as a solid-state switch.
PNP and NPN are two different type of Bipolar junction transistor
Hear on the circuit we used BC547 NPN transistor

14. SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY MODULE
5V
A relay is an electrically operated device. It
has a control system. Which is frequently used in an
automatic control circuit.
Single channel relay module is used for switching
between two different circuits. One is controller circuit
and other is a motor pump circuit

15. WORKING OF PUMP AUTOMATION
SYSTEM
This system is work under Four blokes
Sensing parts are divided into three levels
• Level 1 is in the main tank at an empty position.
• Level 2 is in an empty position of a storage tank.
• Level 3 is in full position of a storage tank.
All these levels give +5V when water is reached there,
and 0V when water is empty to the controller pins.

16. Controller is programmed with there pins
• Pin 33 is RB0 for full level of storage tank
• Pin 34 is RB1 for empty level of storage tank
• Pin 35 is RB2 for main tank input
The program first check that the input is coming from
main tank or not
If input pin is 1 then motor is ON and relay is OFF, and if input
pin is 0 then relay is ON and motor is OFF
Then checks the RB0 and RB1 pin if both the pins are 0 then
motor is ON
And if any one of the pin is 1 then relay is ON.

17. FIGURE OF PUMP AUTOMATION
SYSTEM
Microcontrolle
r
sensor
s
Relay
modul
e
MOTOR
PUMP

18. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

19. IF MAIN TANK IS EMPTY

20. IF STORAGE TANK IS EMPTY

21. IF MAIN TANK IS FULL