This document discusses 10 of the most dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Each bacteria is described in terms of when it was first documented, common illnesses caused, level of antibiotic resistance, and virulence. The document emphasizes that antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem, as many bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to resistance.

1. FACTS ON TEN MOST
DANGEROUS ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANT BACTERIA
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
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2. Antibiotic Resistance is a
Global Problem
Need better understanding
• The global problem of antibiotic
resistance is fast becoming one of
the major scientific issues of
modern times as it matters the
patents infected with trivial
infections can face the problem
of drug resistance leading to
economic loses and many face
untimely death succumbing to
infections,
• Preventative action is needed to
help reduce resistance
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4. What Antibiotic Resistance means to Human
Life
•Antibiotic Resistance is increasingly becoming
a problem for healthcare professionals and
the ability to easily cure infections is being
lost. This could have huge repercussions for
all of us, around the world, and we could see
simple operations, injuries and secondary
infections causing serious illness, even death.
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5. What are the top 10 bacteria can increase
Morbidity and Mortality
• The bacteria listed below cover a range of
diseases and levels of resistance. All of them
present a threat to humans in some way or
another
• Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Burkholderia cepacia
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Clostridium difficile
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Escherichia coli (E.coli)
• Acinetobacter baumannii
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Streptococcus pyogenes7/9/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Drug reistant bacteria 5

6. Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA)
• First Documented:
1884
• Illness Caused:
Pneumonia, Flesh
Eating Disease
• Antibiotic Resistance:
Medium
• Virulence: Dangerous
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7. Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA)
• More commonly known as
MRSA (which stands for
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus), this
‘superbug’ is very easily spread
through human contact and
can cause a range of illnesses
from skin disorders to deadly
diseases like meningitis and
pneumonia. Most often
treated with Penicillin type
antibiotics, by 1960, 80 per
cent of hospital samples were
antibiotic resistant.
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8. Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA
• A concerted effort in
tracking the disease and
improving hygiene
measures in hospitals has
seen cases of MRSA fall by
84.7 per cent in the UK
between 2003 and 2011,
proving that prevention is
often the best form of
defense against bacteria
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9. Burkholderia cepacia
• First Documented:
1949
• Illness Caused:
Pneumonia
• Antibiotic
Resistance: Low
• Virulence: Worrying
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10. Burkholderia cepacia
• Discovered in 1949 as the bacterium
that causes onions to rot, Burkholderia
cepacia can be very dangerous to
humans in the worst cases. While it
mostly responds well to treatment
with a combination of antibiotics, it
has been shown to have high levels of
resistance to several types of
antibiotics and is able to survive in
extreme conditions.
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11. Burkholderia cepacia
•Particularly dangerous to
humans with preexisting
lung conditions such as
Cystic Fibrosis, scientists
have been developing new
ways to fight the bacteria as
it evolves an increasing
resistance to antibiotics.
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12. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
• First Documented:
1872
• Illness Caused:
Pneumonia, Various
Infections
• Antibiotic Resistance:
Medium
• Virulence: Worrying
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13. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
• Quick to mutate and adapt to counter
different antibiotic treatments,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows an innate
ability to develop resistance to antibiotics.
Described as ‘opportunistic’ because it
primarily affects humans that are already
critically ill
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14. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteria can cause
serious complications in
the treatment of AIDS,
cancer or cystic fibrosis
patients. While it isn’t a
massive threat to
humanity currently, this
bacteria will become an
increasing threat over the
next few years.
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15. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
emerging future threat
• While it isn’t a
massive threat to
humanity currently,
this bacteria will
become an
increasing threat
over the next few
years.
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16. Clostridium
difficile
• First Documented:
1935
• Illness Caused:
Diarrhoea
• Antibiotic Resistance:
Low
• Virulence: Dangerous
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17. Clostridium difficile
• One of the better known
‘superbugs’ because of a
consistent presence in hospitals
around the world, C.difficile is,
primarily, an easily spread type
of diarrhoea that can lead to
complications in the colon.
Several significant outbreaks of
C.difficile have made the news
in the UK and despite a major
effort in improving hygiene in
hospitals, the bacteria is
responsible for a significant
number of deaths globally.
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18. Clostridium
difficile
• The chance of catching
C. Difficile is actually
increased by exposure
to antibiotics - you are
more likely to get ill
from C.difficile if your
internal balance has
been upset and the
bacteria can exploit
this.
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19. Klebsiella
pneumoniae
• First Documented:
1886
• Illness Caused: Lung
infections,
Pneumonia
• Antibiotic Resistance:
Medium
• Virulence: Worrying
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20. Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Klebsiella pneumoniae can
cause a range of infections
and has proven to be very
resistance to a range of
antibiotics. Primarily affecting
middle-aged and older men
with weakened immune
systems, this bacteria can be
dangerous but is mostly
‘opportunistic’ and is far less
likely to affect healthy adults.
Due to its high levels of
resistance,
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21. Klebsiella pneumoniae
• it is common in the US to
perform tests to identify
which strain is present in a
patient to better inform
doctors of how to treat them.
This is slowing the rate at
which resistance is built up
but this bacteria is still of
concern across the globe.
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22. Escherichia coli
(E.coli)
• First Documented:
1895
• Illness Caused:
Diarrhoea, Urinary
Tract Infection,
Meningitis
• Antibiotic Resistance:
High
• Virulence: Worrying
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23. Escherichia coli
(E.coli)
• Most E.coli is completely
harmless and survives happily
in the human digestive system.
However, some strains of E.coli
can cause serious illness and
most commonly lead to severe
food poisoning as well as
meningitis and infections. A
high level of resistance to
antibiotics has been found
across several strains of E.coli
and while it is rare to find
these strains causing illness
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24. Escherichia coli
(E.coli)
• it is another
concerning example
of a bacteria that has
the potential to
cause problems if
our use of antibiotics
goes unchecked.
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25. Acinetobacter
baumannii
• First Documented:
1911
• Illness Caused:
Pneumonia,
Meningitis, Urinary
Tract Infection
• Antibiotic Resistance:
High
• Virulence: Worrying
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26. Acinetobacter baumannii
•Acinetobacter
baumannii have
become resistant to
many antibiotics and
like other bacteria are
currently being
countered most
effectively through
thorough hygiene in
healthcare situations.
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27. Acinetobacter
baumannii
• The bacteria can survive
in harsh conditions for
long periods of time so
are often difficult to
deal with in weaker
patients, and coupled
with increasing
resistance presents a
tough challenge when
encountered by doctors.
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28. Acinetobacter
baumannii
• Sometimes called
Iraqibacter
• Acinetobacter
baumannii became
very prevalent during
the Iraq war amongst
injured soldiers who
passed through
several different
medical facilities.
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29. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
• It is believed that Nefertiti
and her Pharaoh husband
Akhenaten both died from
tuberculosis in around
1330 BC, and documents
remain from ancient Egypt
that talk of the dangers of
the disease.
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30. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
•First Documented: 1882
•Illness Caused:
Tuberculosis
•Antibiotic Resistance:
Medium
•Virulence: Deadly
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32. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis has been
know by many names
including scrofula and
the White Plague and
has been a huge cause
of death and
distraction throughout
history, with evidence
found in bodies
estimated to be around
9,000 years old
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33. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
•While instances of the
disease reduced to only
5,000 a year in the UK in
1987, the increase in
antibiotic resistance has
seen a rise in cases in the
early 90s
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35. Neisseria
gonorrhoeae
• First Documented:
1885
• Illness Caused:
Gonorrhoea
• Antibiotic
Resistance: Medium
• Virulence: Worrying
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36. Neisseria
gonorrhoeae
• Gonorrhoea is spread through
sexual contact and causes
various infections in both men
and women. Certain strains of
the bacteria have shown
resistance to antibiotics and
have mutated over the course
of 50 years or so, slowly
adapting different resistances
as doctors change their
approach by using different
antibiotics to counter the
disease
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37. How they Survive with PILI
•The small hairs or ‘pili’
on the bacteria act like
hooks that are used to
move the cell and attach
it to other healthy cells.
Using the pili the cell can
exert a force 100,000
times its weight!
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38. Streptococcus
pyogenes
• First Documented:
1884
• Illness Caused: Sore
Throat, Skin
disorders
• Antibiotic
Resistance: Low
• Virulence: Deadly
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39. Streptococcus
pyogenes
• Like other potentially
dangerous bacteria such as
E.coli, Streptococcus pyogenes
can be found in 5 per cent - 15
per cent of all humans, residing
in the lungs or throat without
causing any harm.
Streptococcus pyogenes causes
over 700 million infections
globally every year and has a
high mortality rate of 25 per
cent in serious cases
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40. Streptococcus
pyogenes
• once you have an infection
the bacteria can cause a
range of diseases ranging
from sore throat and
impetigo up to scarlet fever.
Luckily, the bacteria is
affected by penicillin so is
treated easily in most cases
- however several strains
are building resistance to
various other antibiotics.
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41. Let the Younger Generation of Physicians and Microbiologists have
better understanding to save the humanity from superbugs
•We know that our daily behavior can lead to
resistance, like not finishing antibiotic doses or
sharing prescriptions. Therefore, awareness around
proper antibiotic consumption is crucial to reducing
resistance. Games have a huge uptake among
young people, and can be especially effective to
convey scientific content, sometimes even
contributing to scientific research.
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42. What can we do?
Reduce Antibiotic Use
• Bacteria are constantly
evolving and we can
never stop bacteria from
resisting antibiotics. The
aim for the Longitude
Prize is to produce a
diagnostic to help us all
use fewer antibiotics and
slow down the rate at
which bacteria evolve.
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43. You Have a solution
you can try for
Longitude Prize
• We’re calling on people
from all areas of
innovation and from
across the world to take
part in the Longitude
Prize and to come up
with a solution to this
problem. If resistance is
slowed, antibiotics will
have a fighting chance.
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44. Funding of Longitude Prize
•The Longitude Prize is being developed and run by
Nesta, and supported by Innovate UK as funding
partner.
•Nesta, 58 Victoria Embankment, London, EC4Y 0DS,
United Kingdom | 020 7438 2500 | Registered in
England and Wales charity no: 1144091 | company
limited by guarantee no: 7706036 | registered
charity in Scotland: SC042833
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45. Hand washing a great priority to spread of
Infections
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46. WE SAVE MANY LIVES –
WE JUST WASH OUR HANDS
•Hand Washing is simple
solution to save many
patients and stopping
spread of Infectious
Diseases
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47. References
• 10 MOST DANGEROUS ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA 26 Aug 2014
Written by Longitude team
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48. •Program created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for benefit of
Medical and Paramedical Professionals for basic
understanding on the common Drug Resistant
bacteria to reduce and morality.
• Email
•doctortvrao@gmail.com
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