The document explains the concepts of morphology, focusing on derivation and inflection of words. It details how derivation changes word class through various suffixes and prefixes, providing examples for each type. Additionally, it clarifies that inflection involves changes that do not alter word classes, using examples for nouns and verbs.

2. I am going to simplify this topic because this topic makes so
much confusion for a lot of people and I was one of them.
First of all, Morphology is the study of the internal structure
of words and forms. NOT the meaning. How’s dealing with
meaning is Semantic.
In next slide I will explain Derivation and Inflection.

4. Derivation morphemes
Derivation
Prefixes
DO NOT change of word class or
grammatical class
E.g. Happy (Adj) = unhappy (Adj)
Suffixes
DO NOT change of word class
or grammatical class
E.g. child (N) = childhood (N)
change of word class or
grammatical class
E.g. sick (Adj) = sickness (N)

5. Derivation morphemes (
Changing the class of word form: Examples
1 Verbs to nouns ( - ment, ion, -al, ect) Develop = development / Prevent = prevention
Refuse = refusal / Protect = protection
2 Verbs to nouns ( - er or – or parson/thing, agent) Teach = teacher
Calculate = calculator
3 Verbs to adjectives ( - able ) Depend = dependable
Rely = reliable
4 Adjective to nouns ( - ness ) Sick = sickness
Happy = happiness
5 Adjective to adverbs ( - ly ) Slow = slowly
Quick = quickly
6 Adjective to verbs ( - ize, - ify, - en. ect) Modern = modernize
Simple = simplify
7 Nouns to Adjective ( - al, - ous, ful. - less, ect ) Parson = personal / Nature = natural
Danger = dangerous

6. Derivation morphemes (Suffixes) Examples
1 - hood • Child (N) = childhood (N)
• Adult (N) = adulthood (N)
2 - ess • Prances (N) = Princesses (N)
• Lone (N) = lionesses (N)
3 - ist • Art (N) = artist (N)
• Psychology (N) = Psychologist (N)
4 - ism • Marx (N) = Marxism (N)
• Race (N) = racism (N)
5 - ian • Music (N) = musician (N)
• Mathematic (N) = mathematician (N)

7. Prefix Meaning Examples
1 Re - Again Retype, reprint, reread
2 Pre - Before Pertest, prefix, pre – massage
3 Ex - Former Ex-wife, ex-husband, ex-president
4 Mis- Wrong Misunderstand, misuse, misbehavior
5 Anti- Against Anti-war, antibiotic, antibacterial
6 Un- Not Unholy, unhappy, unlucky, uncomfortable
7 In- Not Incorrect, inconvenient, Inaccurate
8 Im- Not Impolite, impossible, immoral
9 Il- Not illegal, illegible
10 Ir- Not Irregular, irresponsible, irrational

8. Inflection
Suffixes
DO NOT change of word class or grammatical class
E.g.
Book (N) = books (N)
Walk (N) = walked (N)

9. No changing of the class word Examples
1 Noun ( Plural – s/es ) Boy (N) = boys / bus (N) = buses (N)
2 Noun (possessive – ‘s) Boy (N) = boy‘s (N) book
3 Verb (3rd parson singular – s) Walk (V) = walks (V)
4 Verb ( simple past ed) Play (V) = played (V)
5 Verb ( past participle V3 ) Speak (V) = have spoken (V)
6 Verb ( present continuous ing ) Speak (V) = speaking (V)
7 Adjective (comparative er) Tall (Adj) = taller (Adj)
8 Adjective ( superlative est ) Fast (Adj) = fastest (Adj)