Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) involves collecting data on a regular basis to measure progress towards objectives. Evaluation determines the value of a program by measuring whether planned outcomes and impacts are achieved. The key difference between monitoring and evaluation is that monitoring is a regular, routine collection of input, process and output data, while evaluation is a periodic assessment of outcome and impact that can involve external evaluators. Developing a strong M&E plan is important to make informed decisions, ensure efficient use of resources, and determine if a program's objectives are being met.

1. MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
BY
OLASHORE EMMANUEL

2. DEFINITIONS

Monitoring involves the routine collection of
data that measure progress toward achieving
programme objectives using record keeping
and regular reporting

4. EVALUATION



It is a collection of activities designed to
determine the value or worth of a specific
programme.
It focuses on measuring on whether planed
outcomes and impacts are achieved. To know
whether one is attaining the intended outcome
and impacts
The monitoring system must be in place, and
that is why M&E is always considered as one
compact entity.

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
Features
Monitoring
Evaluation
Frequency
Regular, routine
Periodic either at the
beginning, middle or even
end
Measures input,
Measures outcome and
process and output
Focus
impact variables
variables
Those involved
To know the on going
To know the impact of
status of a program
Purpose
program
In house involving
External people especially
program planners
donors may want to come
for on the spot check and
triangulation of supplied

7. IMPORTANCE

To make informed decisions regarding on going programs

To ensure the most effective and efficient use of resources


To determine exactly whether a program is right on track and where
changes need to be considered
To help stakeholders conclude whether the program is a success
To inform subsequent decisions about programs
In essence, M&E used:
 as a management tool for planning & implementation
 as an advocacy tool to raise awareness/ convince stakeholders to
act
as an accountability tool for performance monitoring


8. What to monitor

INDICATOR
Is a key or pointer showing the direction
 Is a variable that measures one aspect of
a program or project that is directly related
to program objectives
 A statement that tells us what it is that will
be measured to determine whether or not
a result has been accomplished


9. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING
INDICATORS







Is the indicator linked to the expected result
Is the indicator defined in the same way over time
Are the data for the indicator collected in the
same way over time
Will data be available for the indicator
Is data collection cost effective
Is this indicator important to most people i.e. will
the data collected provide sufficient information to
both supporters and skeptics
Is the indicator measurable

10. QUALITIES OF INDICATOR





Measurable
Related to goal and objectives
Reliable (consistency)
Credible
Economical

11. TYPES OF INDICATORS




INPUT indicator
OUTPUT indicator
OUTCOME indicator
IMPACT indicator

12. OBSERVATION IS KEY IN
M&E

13. DATA




Data refers to raw observation. In its raw form,
it makes no sense but when processed, it
informs
The information derived from indicators and
recorded or reported is what is referred to as
data.
When programs are implemented through
series of activities, these activities are
captured in form of data.
It can be quantitative and qualitative.

14. QUALITIES OF DATA





Validity (internal and external)
Integrity
Timeliness
Accuracy (Precision)
Reliability

V-I-T-A-R

15. EXAMPLES OF DATA
COLLECTING TOOLS






Attendance sheet
Referral loop
Register
Pictures
Minutes
Report

16. M&E PLAN



Every project or intervention should have a
monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan.
This is the fundamental document that details a
program’s objectives, the interventions developed
to achieve these objectives and describes the
procedures that will be implemented to determine
whether or not the objectives are met.
It shows how the expected results of a program
relate to its goals and objectives, describes the
data needed and how these data will be collected
and analyzed, how this information will be used,
the resources that will be needed, and how the
program will be accountable to stakeholders

17. …CONTINUED


M&E plans should be created during the
design phase of a program
Such a plan should be considered a living
document and revised whenever a program is
modified or new information is needed

18. Importance of M & E plans




State how a program will measure its
achievements and therefore provide
accountability;
Document consensus and provide
transparency
Guide the implementation of M&E activities in
a standardized and coordinated way
Preserve institutional memory

19. STEPS TO DEVELOP AN M&E
WORKPLAN






Identify program goals and objectives
Determine evaluation questions, indicators and their
feasibility
Design the methodology for monitoring the process
Resolve implementation issues: Who will perform the
work? How will existing data and past evaluation studies be
used
Identify internal and external evaluation resources and
capacity
Develop an M&E workplan matrix and timeline

20. M&E MATRIX
Program (Objectives)
Monitoring
Activities
Evaluation
Input
Outcome
(Shortterm
effects/res
ult at the
level of
goal)
Output
(Imme
diate
result
of 1st
level
activitie
s)
Key
responsi
ble
Impact Methodol
(Long- ogy
term
effects)
MOV
TIME
FRAME

21. 

VIELEN
DANK
THANK YOU VERY MUCH