The document outlines the significance of decision-making and goal-setting, detailing training objectives aimed at improving participants' understanding of these concepts. It covers the decision-making process, factors influencing decisions, barriers, and strategies to enhance decision-making skills, followed by the definition and importance of goal setting. Additionally, it discusses the characteristics of good goals, steps to achieve them, and obstacles that may hinder success.

1. DECISION MAKING AND GOALDECISION MAKING AND GOAL
SETTINGSETTING
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2. DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
 At the end of the training, participants should beAt the end of the training, participants should be
able to:able to:
 Define decision makingDefine decision making
 Explain and apply the steps in the decision-Explain and apply the steps in the decision-
making processmaking process
 Discuss the importance of decision making andDiscuss the importance of decision making and
how it relates to sexualityhow it relates to sexuality
 Explain the factors that influence decisionExplain the factors that influence decision
makingmaking
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3. Decision MakingDecision Making
 Decision making is the process of providingDecision making is the process of providing
appropriate solutions to most situations in life.appropriate solutions to most situations in life.
 It is a process of selecting options fromIt is a process of selecting options from
alternatives by making up one’s mind. Youngalternatives by making up one’s mind. Young
people make decisions as to what to wear,people make decisions as to what to wear,
whether to take a bus to school or to trek,whether to take a bus to school or to trek,
whether to engage in premarital sex or not etc.whether to engage in premarital sex or not etc.
 Your decisions have consequences.Your decisions have consequences.
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4. Importance of decision makingImportance of decision making
 The identification of various optionsThe identification of various options
assists in learning more about us andassists in learning more about us and
others.others.
 It helps us identify our valuesIt helps us identify our values
 It helps on goal settingIt helps on goal setting
 It can minimize mistakesIt can minimize mistakes
 It allows us to take control over andIt allows us to take control over and
responsibility for our actions.responsibility for our actions.
 Good decisions build self-esteem.Good decisions build self-esteem.
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5. Factors that influence decision makingFactors that influence decision making
 Values- what is right for me?Values- what is right for me?
 Goals- what do I hope to achieve by deciding toGoals- what do I hope to achieve by deciding to
abstain?abstain?
 Parental/family values- will my decision meet theParental/family values- will my decision meet the
expectations of my family members?expectations of my family members?
 Information- do I know who or where to ask forInformation- do I know who or where to ask for
information?information?
 Social/Peer pressure- Am I being influenced by mySocial/Peer pressure- Am I being influenced by my
peers, media, religion etc?peers, media, religion etc?
 Ignorance- Am I well informed?Ignorance- Am I well informed?
 Circumstances/Situations- have I made a decisionCircumstances/Situations- have I made a decision
simply because I want to prove a point?simply because I want to prove a point?
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6. Three C’s to good decision makingThree C’s to good decision making
 ChallengeChallenge (or decision) you are facing:(or decision) you are facing:
Regard the decision you need to make as aRegard the decision you need to make as a
challenge that needs to be overcome, forchallenge that needs to be overcome, for
example having a love relationshipexample having a love relationship
 Choice:Choice: Identify the several choices fromIdentify the several choices from
which you can choose.which you can choose.
 ConsequencesConsequences of each choice: know theof each choice: know the
positive and negative consequences of thepositive and negative consequences of the
options you have, i.e. consequences foroptions you have, i.e. consequences for
teenage pregnancyteenage pregnancy
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7. Barriers to decision makingBarriers to decision making
 Pressure from friends and peer groupsPressure from friends and peer groups
 Lack of access to adequate information andLack of access to adequate information and
factsfacts
 Lack of decision making skillsLack of decision making skills
 Inability to set goal and make plansInability to set goal and make plans
 Inability to clarify valuesInability to clarify values
 Low self esteemLow self esteem
 Lack of guidance and support from trustedLack of guidance and support from trusted
adultsadults
 Use of alcohol and other drugsUse of alcohol and other drugs
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8. How to overcome barriersHow to overcome barriers
 Learn to be assertiveLearn to be assertive
 Clarify your valuesClarify your values
 Learn to identify alternatives and evaluate theirLearn to identify alternatives and evaluate their
consequencesconsequences
 Set goals and plan towards achieving the goalsSet goals and plan towards achieving the goals
 Choose the option that is consistent with your values andChoose the option that is consistent with your values and
goalsgoals
 Seek guidance and advice form trusted adults, such asSeek guidance and advice form trusted adults, such as
counselors, health providers etccounselors, health providers etc
 Avoid the use of alcohol and other drugs because theyAvoid the use of alcohol and other drugs because they
impede your ability to make good decisionsimpede your ability to make good decisions
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9. How to improve decision-making skillsHow to improve decision-making skills
(Model for decision making)(Model for decision making)
1.1. Identify the problemIdentify the problem
2.2. Gather information about the problem.Gather information about the problem.
Know the alternativesKnow the alternatives
3.3. Consider all the possible consequences:Consider all the possible consequences:
list the advantages and disadvantages oflist the advantages and disadvantages of
each alternativeeach alternative
4.4. Consider family and personal value:Consider family and personal value:
Review your personal beliefs and familyReview your personal beliefs and family
vales in relation to the possiblevales in relation to the possible
alternatives.alternatives.
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10. How to improve decision-making skillsHow to improve decision-making skills
(Model for decision making)(Model for decision making)
5.5. Consider the impact on other people:Consider the impact on other people: ConsiderConsider
how your decision affects people around you.how your decision affects people around you.
6. Choose the option:6. Choose the option: based on the evaluation ofbased on the evaluation of
the possible consequences and personal valuesthe possible consequences and personal values
choose the option that will have best outcome.choose the option that will have best outcome.
7. Implement the decision7. Implement the decision: decide and act on the: decide and act on the
decision cautiously.decision cautiously.
8. Evaluate the outcome:8. Evaluate the outcome: one decision sometimesone decision sometimes
leads to others and if the outcome was positive, itleads to others and if the outcome was positive, it
may guide the others. If the decision was a poormay guide the others. If the decision was a poor
one, you may want to change the decision.one, you may want to change the decision.
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11. EvaluationEvaluation
 What is decision making?What is decision making?
 Explain the 8 steps in decision makingExplain the 8 steps in decision making
and apply the steps to a potentialand apply the steps to a potential
decision in your life.decision in your life.
 What is the importance of making goodWhat is the importance of making good
sexuality decisions?sexuality decisions?
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12. GOAL SETTINGGOAL SETTING
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
 At the end of the training, participantsAt the end of the training, participants
should be able to:should be able to:
 Define goals and explain the main types ofDefine goals and explain the main types of
goalsgoals
 Mention the characteristics of a good goalMention the characteristics of a good goal
 Discuss the importance of goal settingDiscuss the importance of goal setting
 Identify and explain the basic steps inIdentify and explain the basic steps in
achieving goalsachieving goals
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13. What is a Goal?What is a Goal?
 A goal is something a person works toA goal is something a person works to
accomplish.accomplish.
 It can be described as a proposedIt can be described as a proposed
achievement or accomplish towards whichachievement or accomplish towards which
efforts are directed.efforts are directed.
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14. Types of goalsTypes of goals
 Long-term Goals:Long-term Goals: These are goals meantThese are goals meant
to be accomplished over a long period ofto be accomplished over a long period of
time e.g. 6 months, several years or overtime e.g. 6 months, several years or over
a lifetimea lifetime
 Short-term Goals:Short-term Goals: are goals someoneare goals someone
sets to accomplish in a short period ofsets to accomplish in a short period of
time, such as one week, two weeks or atime, such as one week, two weeks or a
month.month.
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15. Characteristics of good goalsCharacteristics of good goals
Good goals should be ‘Good goals should be ‘SMARTSMART”, i.e.”, i.e.
 SS Specific: Know exactly what you want toSpecific: Know exactly what you want to
achieveachieve
 MM Measurable: Progress made towards the setMeasurable: Progress made towards the set
goals must be measurablegoals must be measurable
 AA Achievable: Be sure the goal is somethingAchievable: Be sure the goal is something
you have the ability to accomplishyou have the ability to accomplish
 RR Realistic: Be sure the goal is something youRealistic: Be sure the goal is something you
can do and within the desired time framecan do and within the desired time frame
 TT Time bound: Set time limitsTime bound: Set time limits
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16. Importance of goal settingImportance of goal setting
 It provides a guide for decision-makingIt provides a guide for decision-making
 It gives meaning and direction to one’sIt gives meaning and direction to one’s
activities, it enables one to have an idea ofactivities, it enables one to have an idea of
where one is goingwhere one is going
 Achievement of goals increases one’s selfAchievement of goals increases one’s self
esteemesteem
 It serves as motivationIt serves as motivation
 It serves as an action planIt serves as an action plan
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17. Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal
 Everyone should set goals for his/her life. It isEveryone should set goals for his/her life. It is
easier to accomplish goals of one step is takeneasier to accomplish goals of one step is taken
at a time. All goals involve making decisions andat a time. All goals involve making decisions and
there may be an element of risk-taking.there may be an element of risk-taking.
Sometimes mistakes are made.Sometimes mistakes are made.
 Determination and the ability to identify theDetermination and the ability to identify the
mistakes and necessary adjustments improvemistakes and necessary adjustments improve
one’s chance of achieving the set goals.one’s chance of achieving the set goals.
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18. Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal
1.1. Identify your goal.Identify your goal. Know exactly what youKnow exactly what you
want to achieve: ask yourself ‘What am Iwant to achieve: ask yourself ‘What am I
doing?’ If I start smoking, will it get me wheredoing?’ If I start smoking, will it get me where
I want to be or what I want? If not, where is itI want to be or what I want? If not, where is it
taking me?taking me?
2.2. Look at the possible alternatives.Look at the possible alternatives. FigureFigure
out all your choices: possibly discuss the goalout all your choices: possibly discuss the goal
you want to achieve with family members,you want to achieve with family members,
trusted adults and friends so as to get theirtrusted adults and friends so as to get their
support and help.support and help.
3.3. Develop a plan of action.Develop a plan of action. Make plans andMake plans and
the necessary arrangements to achieve thethe necessary arrangements to achieve the
goal of choosing to succeed academically.goal of choosing to succeed academically.
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19. Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal
4. Set time limits4. Set time limits. Know exactly when you. Know exactly when you
want to accomplish your goal.want to accomplish your goal.
5. Take one step at a time.5. Take one step at a time.
6. Evaluate your progress6. Evaluate your progress
7. Continue with your plans-7. Continue with your plans- do not givedo not give
up.up.
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20. Effects of achieving set goalsEffects of achieving set goals
 It increases self –esteem because youIt increases self –esteem because you
have accomplished somethinghave accomplished something
 It motivates you to set further goals andIt motivates you to set further goals and
accomplish other tasksaccomplish other tasks
 You develop self-confidenceYou develop self-confidence
 It makes you happy: possibly makesIt makes you happy: possibly makes
others (like family) proudothers (like family) proud
 You feel fulfilledYou feel fulfilled
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21. Obstacles in achieving goalsObstacles in achieving goals
 Low self-esteemLow self-esteem
 Inability to identify the importanceInability to identify the importance
 Peer pressurePeer pressure
 Setting unrealistic and immeasurableSetting unrealistic and immeasurable
goalsgoals
 ProcrastinationProcrastination
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22. Obstacles in achieving goalsObstacles in achieving goals
 Lack of informationLack of information
 Changes in one’s life circumstancesChanges in one’s life circumstances
 Changes in one’s valuesChanges in one’s values
 Lack of ambitionLack of ambition
 Fear of failureFear of failure
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23. EvaluationEvaluation
 What is the importance of goal setting?What is the importance of goal setting?
 How does a person achieve a goal?How does a person achieve a goal?
 What are the steps to achieving a goal?What are the steps to achieving a goal?
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24. THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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