The document summarizes molecular techniques for detecting E. coli O157:H7, a foodborne pathogen. It discusses several techniques including PCR, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and microarrays. It notes that while conventional methods are still used, molecular identification of virulence genes has improved detection and analysis of this pathogen. The best approach depends on factors like resources and needs, but multiplex PCR is generally recommended to identify multiple pathogenic genes simultaneously.