About the rain

1. Prepared By:
Priyank H. Patel
Assistant Professor, CED, RNGPIT.
B.E. Civil (Goldmedalist)
M.E. Water Resources Engineering
Ph.D. Pursuing

3. • Introduction
• Concept of Disasters
• Definition of Disaster
• Hazard
• Vulnerability
• Risk
• Capacity-Disaster & Development
• Disaster Management
Covered Topics
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4. Scope
• Disasters are as old as Mankind.
• The first description of Disaster and its management
comes from mythological “Noah” and his ark.
• Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek Mythology,
Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many cultures.
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Introduction

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Disaster means any occurrence that
causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of
human life, or deterioration of health and
health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant
an extraordinary response from outside the
affected community or area. (WHO)
A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or man-made that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that
victims cannot alleviate without assistance.
(American Red Cross)
Definition: Disaster

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Disaster occurs any time and anywhere,
not confined to any part of the world.
• Some disaster can be predicted and whereas
some can not be predicted.
• Warfare is a special category, because it is
well planned and damage is the intended
goal of action.
When and where it occurs ?

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Factors affecting Disaster
• Age
• Immunization Status
• Degree of mobility
• Emotional Stability
Host Factors
• Physical factors
• Biological factors
• Chemical factors
• Social factors
• Phycological factors
Environmental
Factors

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Effects of Disaster
• Population Rehabilitation and Displacement
• Injury or death
• Risk of an epidemic of diseases
• Damage to Infrastructure
• Psychological problems
• Food Shortage
• Socioeconomic losses
• Shortage of drugs and medical supplies

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Hazard
Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to
people and their environment.
“A hazard is a natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is a
perceived natural event that threatens both life and property……
A disaster is a realization of this hazard.”
-John Whittow
• When hazard involves elements of risks, vulnerabilities, and capacities, they
can turn into disasters.
•Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented.
Definition: Hazard

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Difference Between Disaster & Hazard

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Difference Between Disaster & Hazard
Disaster Hazard
An event that completely causes damage to
human life and property.
A dangerous situation that poses a threat to
the human life.
Has more critical consequences and more
catastrophic.
Has less critical consequences.
Often happens in a short time, causing
more severe effects.
Take its full shape after a series of events,
which might have led it to happen.
Caused by differential behavior of nature
due to many conditions.
Caused by negligence.
Occurs at the places where the population
is more or higher.
Occurs at the places where the population
is smaller.
Disaster is the hazard that is caused by
when widespread destruction of property
and human lives.
Hazard are natural or manmade
phenomenon that are feature of our planet
and can not be prevented.

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Risk
Is a measure of expected losses due to a hazard event occurring in a given area over
a specific time period. Risk is a function of the probability of a particular hazardous
event and the losses each would cause.
The level of Risk which depends upon:
• Nature of hazard
• Vulnerability of the elements which are affected
• Economic value of those elements
Definition: Risk

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Vulnerability
The extent to which a community, structure, service, or geographic area is likely to
be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular disaster or hazard…
The level of Risk depends upon:
•Vulnerability is the propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.
Definition: Vulnerability

14. Low High
Very low Medium
Vulnerability
Capacity to cope
High Low
Exposure to
Hazard
High
Low
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The propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.
Definition: Vulnerability

15. Progression of vulnerability
Root causes Dynamic pressures Unsafe conditions
Limited
Access to -
• Power
• Structure
• Resources
Ideologies-
• Political -
system
• Economic
- system
Lack of –
•Local institutes
•Training
•Appropriate skills
•Local investment
•Local market
•Media freedom
•Ethical standards
in public life
Macro forces-
•Rapid population
growth
•Rapid
urbanization
•Arms expenditure
•Debt repayments
•Deforestation
•Decline in soil
productivity
Fragile physical
environment
•Dangerous
locations
•Unprotected
buildings &
infrastructure
Fragile local -
economy
•Livelihoods at risk
•Low income levels
Vulnerable society
•Special groups at
risk
Public actions
•Lack of
preparedness
•Endemic disease
Earthquake
High winds
Hurricane
Cyclone
Typhoon
Flood
Volcanic -
eruptions
Landslides
Drought
Virus
Bacteria
Pests
Fire
Chemicals
Radiation
Armed -
conflicts
Hazards
NOT PREVENTED
Disaster occurs when hazards meet vulnerability

16. How can we reduce Risk ?

17. Summary