Module 3 - Germany Divided
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After World War 2, Germany was divided into four occupation zones controlled by the Allied powers - the US, UK, France and Soviet Union. Berlin, located within the Soviet zone, was also divided among the four powers. West Germany adopted democracy and self-governance with the withdrawal of the Western Allies. Meanwhile, East Germany remained under Soviet control and domination until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
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Beginning of WWII
The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after WWI, including war reparations of $33 billion and loss of territory. This contributed to the rise of fascism under Hitler in Germany in 1933. Hitler annexed Austria in 1938 and began demanding territories inhabited by German-speaking peoples. At the Munich Conference in 1938, the UK and France appeased Hitler by allowing Germany to take parts of Czechoslovakia. In August 1939, the Soviet-Nazi non-aggression pact allowed Germany and the Soviet Union to divide Poland between them. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, starting World War 2. Using lightning-fast Blitzkrieg tactics, Germany quickly defeated Poland and then overran Denmark, Norway,
The early war
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Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you should .docx
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
· Briefly summarize the major military events before and during World War II.
· Describe the situation at hour zero in Germany.
· Provide a chronology of the political events that led to the division of Germany and the beginning of the Cold War.
· Explain the reasons for the economic miracle during the 1950s.
CommentaryEvents Leading to World War II
Before jumping to the end of the Nazi regime in 1945 and the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, I do want to provide a very brief historical overview of the Nazis' aggressive foreign policy before and during World War II.
After Hitler had secured his dictatorship through the Röhm-Putsch in 1934, he made no secret of his overall intentions to increase Germany's military power. He violated the Treaty of Versailles by introducing military conscription in 1935 and began to expand the German Wehrmacht into a huge army (in part through conscription, in part by dissolving the SA into the Wehrmacht). In 1936, German troops occupied the demilitarized zone of the Rhineland, while, at the same time, providing military support for General Franco, who became dictator of Spain the same year. Two years later, in 1938, Germany marched into Austria and proclaimed theAnschluss (union) of the two countries. In September of that year, the British Prime Minister Chamberlain appeased Hitler at an international conference in Munich, after which Hitler immediately occupied first theSudentenland (the German-heritage region of Czechoslovakia) and, half a year later, the remaining Czech lands, naming them the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Although France and Great Britain still did not engage the Nazis at that time, they publicly vowed to defend Poland should Hitler dare to invade it as well. Although Hitler continued to assert his peaceful intentions, everybody who had followed his political career or was even vaguely familiar with Mein Kampf knew that war was inevitable. This is precisely what happened on September 1, 1939: Hitler invaded Poland. In response, France and Great Britain declared war against Germany.
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The document provides an overview of international relations and world wars. It defines key terms like world war and discusses the major Allied and Central powers in World War I and II. It outlines some of the major causes of each war such as nationalism, militarism, alliances, and the consequences of World War I like the Treaty of Versailles. Key events of both world wars are summarized such as invasions by the Axis powers and responses by Allied powers. The document also discusses the origins and impacts of the Cold War that followed World War II.
Major Battles WW2 and End of the War.ppt
The document provides background information on the causes and early warfare of World War II. It discusses the Treaty of Versailles and how it created resentment in Germany. It also discusses the worldwide economic depression of the 1930s and the rise of totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, and communist USSR. Specifically, it describes the personalities and rise to power of Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin. It then outlines some of the major battles and events of WWII in Europe, including Germany's early victories and invasions, the turning point at Stalingrad, D-Day, and the final push to victory. It concludes with discussions of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the formation of the UN, and postwar tensions that
Germany
Germany is known for its many castles, the most famous being Neuschwanstein. After World War II, Germany was divided into two countries - communist East Germany, which was under Soviet control, and democratic West Germany, which was supported by the US. The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to prevent people from fleeing to West Berlin, where they had more freedom, and was later torn down in 1989.
Unit 2 vocabulary
The document outlines key concepts and events from the 20th century, including:
- World War I, the Russian Revolution, and the Treaty of Versailles which ended WWI and imposed penalties on Germany.
- The rise of Nazism under Adolf Hitler in Germany and the start of WWII in 1939 due to German and Japanese expansionism.
- Post-WWII included the Holocaust where Hitler systematically destroyed Jewish populations, and ghettos and concentration camps were used.
- The Cold War emerged as a struggle between communist USSR and capitalist US and allies over ideas of government, with each forming military alliances like NATO and the Truman Doctrine providing aid.
Lesson 3 The Decline of the Weimar Republic and the Rise of the.docx
Lesson 3: The Decline of the Weimar Republic and the Rise of the Nazi Party
Lesson Essay
When you can accomplish the learning objectives for this lesson, you should begin work on the lesson essay described below. You may use any assigned readings, your notes, and other course-related materials to complete this assignment. Be sure to reread theessay grading criteria on the Grades and Assessments page.
This essay should be about 750 words long, typed double space with one-inch margins on each side. It is worth 100 points and should address the following:
What does General Ludendorff's notion of a "stab-in-the-back" refer to? Discuss the political implications of this theory for the newly founded Weimar Republic in 1919. You should take into account both the relationship between civil government and the military command and the public's perception of the republic and the lost war.
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
· Define crucial terms and events such as the stab-in-the-back legend, Kapp-Putsch, NSDAP, SA, SS, Night of the Long Knives, andErmächtigungsgesetz.
· Provide a brief summary of the Treaty of Versailles.
· Summarize the various reasons the Weimar Republic was an emergency solution disliked by large segments of the German population.
· Broadly discuss the genesis of the NSDAP and its development until 1933.
· Enumerate the major political goals of Hitler and the NSDAP.
· Provide an account of how Hitler established a totalitarian regime within the first six months of his being voted chancellor.
CommentaryThe First World War
We have already briefly touched upon the multiple factors that led to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Chief among them was the widespread imperialist ambitions of the major European nations at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. Since Germany developed its industrial power relatively late, it felt left behind in comparison with the other powers, notably France and Britain, which had already built huge imperialist empires in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Demanding its own "place under the sun," as the German Emperor Wilhelm II put it, Germany rapidly increased its military and economic presence in other parts of the world and established colonies in southwest Africa, China, and the Pacific islands, among others. Compared with the strong sense of competition among European powers around 1914, the assassination of Grand Duke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Serbia, generally considered the "actual" cause of the war, was merely the final straw that unleashed the storm that had been building for decades.
The war itself was enthusiastically embraced by most peoples in Europe, with only a few critical voices in the beginning. This changed later on, particularly after it had become clear in 1916 that the war could not be won as easily as each nation had hoped. The central powers (comprising Germany ...
Major Battles WW2 and End of the War.ppt
The document provides background information on the causes and early events of World War II. It discusses the Treaty of Versailles and its role in creating instability in Germany that allowed the rise of the Nazis. It also examines the worldwide economic depression, which further weakened democratic governments and allowed totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany and fascist Italy to gain power. The summary discusses key events in the early war period like Germany's invasions of Poland, France, and the Low Countries, as well as the Battle of Britain. It concludes by noting the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 marked a major turning point in the war.
The Interwar Years
The document discusses the period leading up to World War II in Europe. It describes how the Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after WWI, fueling resentment. In the 1920s-30s, the Great Depression created economic despair and rise of fascism in Germany and Italy under Hitler and Mussolini. Hitler gained power legally by exploiting political instability and fear, establishing a racist totalitarian regime. Fascism and militarism also grew in Japan, with military leaders taking control and pursuing imperialist expansion. Overall conditions of turmoil, humiliation and economic crisis paved the way for the authoritarian takeovers that plunged Europe into a second world war.
Events of World War 1 and the history.pptx
The two world wars had a profound impact on international relations in the 20th century. World War I began in 1914 due to rising tensions between European powers and led to the collapse of old empires like Germany and Russia. World War II started in 1939 with Germany's invasion of Poland and was a result of the instability in the aftermath of WWI and the rise of aggressive regimes in Germany and Japan seeking to expand their territory. The two wars established the United States and Soviet Union as global superpowers and led to the creation of the United Nations to help prevent future conflicts.
GERMANY
The history, geography, demographics, politics, and national symbols of the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.
Cold war wed
After World War 2, Germany was divided into four zones that were controlled by the United States, France, Britain, and the Soviet Union. This led to the creation of two German states, with East Germany becoming a communist country allied with the USSR while West Germany was a democratic and capitalistic country allied with the United States and other Western nations. Thus began the Cold War, where the US and Western nations faced off against the communist Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union in an ideological battle between capitalism and communism that lasted over 40 years without direct military conflict.
2312 Ground Interwar Europe, US Entry, European Front
The Interwar Period in Europe saw many new governments take power after World War 1, including republics in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland as well as constitutional monarchies. Most had strong nationalist tendencies. Turkey and Italy were led by ultra-nationalist figures who persecuted minorities. The Soviet Union consolidated power under Joseph Stalin who rapidly industrialized through forced measures. Germany struggled with instability under the Weimar Republic until Hitler rose to power in 1933. The Spanish Civil War was a proxy war between fascists and communists. As Hitler annexed territories, Britain and France initially appeased Germany but eventually realized he could not be ignored, setting the stage for war.
2312 Online Interwar Europe and WWII
The document provides an overview of Europe in the Interwar Period following World War 1. It describes the new governments that formed in Eastern Europe and the rise of authoritarian leaders like Mussolini in Italy and Ataturk in Turkey. It also discusses the establishment of communist rule in the Soviet Union under Stalin and the instability of the Weimar Republic in Germany that led to the rise of the Nazis. The Spanish Civil War is summarized as a proxy war between fascism and communism. Finally, it outlines German and Italian expansion in the late 1930s as well as the key leaders in Europe at the time like Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin.
Creepin' Facism
The document discusses key people and events related to fascism in Europe in the early 20th century. It describes Benito Mussolini founding the fascist party in Italy and becoming prime minister. It also discusses Adolf Hitler leading the Nazi party in Germany and instituting racist policies after becoming chancellor. Finally, it mentions appeasement policies by Britain and France in the late 1930s that failed to prevent German and Soviet expansionism.
2312 16 Ground Interwar Europe, US Entry, European Front
The Interwar Period in Europe saw many new governments take power after World War 1, including republics in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland as well as constitutional monarchies. Turkey and Italy saw authoritarian nationalist regimes rise to power under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and Benito Mussolini respectively. The Soviet Union consolidated power under Joseph Stalin following the Russian Civil War. In Germany, the Weimar Republic struggled with instability and radical political movements until Hitler rose to power in 1933. The Spanish Civil War served as a proxy war between fascism and communism. As the 1930s drew to a close, Hitler had expanded German territory and was preparing for further conquest, bringing Europe closer to another major war.
Interwar Period and World War II
The document summarizes the key events of the Interwar Period (1919-1938) and World War II (1939-1945). During the Interwar Period, European nations struggled economically after WWI. Germany faced especially harsh reparations under the Treaty of Versailles. The Great Depression worsened economic issues. Totalitarian regimes rose in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. WWII began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. Germany conquered much of Europe by 1940 but failed to defeat Britain. The Allied invasion of Normandy in 1944 put Germany on the defensive. Germany surrendered in 1945 after the Soviets took Berlin. The Holocaust resulted in the genocide of approximately 6 million Jews and others under the Nazi regime across Europe.
Geschiedenis germany during the cold war
The document summarizes the division of Germany following World War 2. It discusses the occupation zones established by the Allied powers in 1945 and the eventual formation of East and West Germany in 1949. Key events that cemented the division included the Berlin Blockade and Airlift in 1948 and the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Different occupying powers, including the Soviets, British, French and Americans, pursued varying policies that impacted the political and economic development in their respective zones and influenced the ultimate division of Germany.
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Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you should .docx
Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you should .docx
Lesson 3 The Decline of the Weimar Republic and the Rise of the.docx
Lesson 3 The Decline of the Weimar Republic and the Rise of the.docx
2312 Ground Interwar Europe, US Entry, European Front
2312 Ground Interwar Europe, US Entry, European Front
2312 16 Ground Interwar Europe, US Entry, European Front
2312 16 Ground Interwar Europe, US Entry, European Front
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Module 3 - Germany Divided
- 1. Module 3
- 2. IV. Germany Divided Describe the partition of Germany into East and West Germany (8.a.3)
- 3. The Allied powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative purposes during the period 1945–1949. BERLIN was located TOTALLY inside the area controlled by The Soviet Union. BUT because of its symbolic importance as the capital city of the former Nazi government, the city of Berlin was split up for control by all 4 of the Allied powers West Germany became democratic and resumed self-West Germany became democratic and resumed self- government after a few years of American, British, and Frenchgovernment after a few years of American, British, and French occupation.occupation. East Germany remained under the domination of the SovietEast Germany remained under the domination of the Soviet Union and did not adopt democratic institutionsUnion and did not adopt democratic institutions until after theuntil after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989
- 4. See maps that explain this:
- 5. Divided Germany - 1945
- 7. U.S. Air Bases In Divided Germany Post-WW II
- 8. Germany
- 9. GreenGreen = Supported By Western Allies (France, Great Britain, U.S.) Became Democratic and soon took over control of their own government from the Western Allies Red – Under control of Soviet Union: Had Communist government and were controlled by The Soviet Union
- 10. “Eastern Bloc” = Soviet Control
- 11. Did they have: Freedon of Speech?; Freedom of Religion?; Freedom of Assembly?; Economic Freedom”; Freedom of Career?;