Here are the answers to the modified true/false statements: 1. TRUE 2. spoken 3. pentatonic 4. melody 5. TRUE

2. I. Directions: Read and
analyze each sentence.
Write the letter of the best
answer.

3. 1. How is Salidumay described?
A. It serves as an indicator of rejection and acceptance
towards the man courting/wooing a woman.
B. It is the oldest traditional Cordilleran way of
storytelling.
C. It tells about the use of herbal and natural
medicines.
D. It is about planting and harvesting of crops.

4. 2. Which of the songs of Cordillera
used flutes to play its melodic
tunes.
A. Salidumay C. Oggayam
B. Hudhud D. Badiw

5. 3. Which of the following are the messages or
themes of the song Badiw?
A. Agriculture on land preservation and crop
productivity.
B. Love incantations
C. Heroes, heroine, and cultures
D. Myth and custome

6. 4. Which of the following best described Hudhud?
A. It is a death ritual song gaining hopes and favor
from their relative’s spirit.
B. It comprises around 200 stories with 40
episodes each.
C. It has sweet melodies and expresses gratitude
D. It is a burial song

7. 5. On what occasion did the Ifugao people
recite Hudhud, a chanted epic poetry?
A. During social celebrations
B. During Baptismal ceremony
C. During sowing and harvesting of rice
D. During wedding ceremony

8. 6. What song is performed in leader-
chorus style where the reciter is an
elderly woman occupying key position in
the community?
A. Hudhud C. Oggayam
B. Badiw D. Salidummay

9. 7. How is melismatic singing done?
A. Singing at the same pitch
B. singing of group of tones in one syllable
C. singing in monotonous repetitive tone
D. Singing with drone

10. 8. The following are examples of
occupational or work songs of
Cordillera EXCEPT:
A. Owiwi C. Owayat
B. Dinaweg D. Dangdang-ay

11. 9. What song is distinguished for its
special length and narration of the
life stories of legendary heroes?
A. Salidummay C. Badiw
B. Oggayam D. Hudhud

12. 10.How is Cordillera music described?
A. It is pentatonic in nature
B. It is multi metered
C. It is nasal
D. It is guttural

14. MUSIC
Indigenous people of Cordillera consider
their land as sacred – it can neither be owned nor
sold; the source of life and an integral part of their
cultural identity. For them, to loss the land and
connection from it is equivalent to taking their
lives. Thus, Cordilleras now and in the past
willingly shed blood to fight and defend their right
to remain on their land.

15. MUSIC

16. MUSIC
Cordillera people, popularly known as Igorot are group of
indigenous people comprising a number of ethnic or ethno-
linguistic identities like the Apayao or Isneg, Tingguian, Kalinga,
Bontoc, Kankanaey, Ibaloy, Ifugao and Bago. They are known for
their unique vocal and instrumental music. They usually perform in
groups where villagers of all walks of life are enjoined to showcase
their talents especially in singing, dancing and playing instrument.
They have a rich variety of songs and music performed on
instruments like the Salidumay, the Oggayam, the Hudhud and
Badiw.

17. MUSIC
In 2008 (3.COM), Hudhud is inscribed on the
Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity (originally proclaim in 2001). This traditional
culture is weakened due to the following reason: the
conversion of Ifugao to Catholicism; the advancement
of technology – from manual harvesting of rice to
mechanized one; the constant decline of numbers of
rice growers and only a few aged narrator are now left.

18. MUSIC
In 2008 (3.COM), Hudhud is inscribed on the
Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity (originally proclaim in 2001). This traditional
culture is weakened due to the following reason: the
conversion of Ifugao to Catholicism; the advancement
of technology – from manual harvesting of rice to
mechanized one; the constant decline of numbers of
rice growers and only a few aged narrator are now left.

20. ACTIVITY 1 “Concept Web Mapping”
Directions: Using a Web word map,
write word/s related to the vocal music
of Cordillera. From those words,
formulate your own concept about
“What is Cordillera Vocal music.”

21. ACTIVITY 1 “Concept Web Mapping”

22. ACTIVITY 1 “Concept Web Mapping”
1. Explain what is Cordillera
Vocal music?
2. Why did you arrive on
that concept?

23. The Music of Cordillera
1. Music is very much related
to their life and living. This is
evident in many occasions
such as in the life passage
event, work or occupational
activities, ceremonies and
entertainment.

24. The Music of Cordillera
A. Life Passage Event
1. Owiwi - Kalinga lullabies
2. Dagdagay - Kalinga infancy-related songs
3. Oppia - Kalinga infancy-related songs
4. Kawyanna - Kalinga infancy-related songs

25. The Music of Cordillera
B. Occupational / work Songs
1. Sowe-ey - Bontoc rice pounding song
2. Dakuyon - Kalinga song for hunting bats
3. Dinaweg - Ilongot song for catching wild boar
4. Owayat - Ilongot song for gathering firewood
5. Chey - assa - Bontoc rice pounding song sung
in groups

26. The Music of Cordillera
C. Music for Ceremonies
1. Kapya and Angba - Bontoc song for
curing ceremony
2. Didiyaw - Bontoc song to a dead child
3. Sangsangit - Isneg song of grief

27. The Music of Cordillera
D. Music for Entertainment
1. Alim - Ifugao leader chorus style
2. Dangdang – ay - Kalinga song of
entertainment

28. The Music of Cordillera
2. Their music is participatory
and communal - usually
performed in group where
everyone is enjoined to
showcase their talents in
singing, dancing and playing
instruments.

29. The Music of Cordillera
3. The indigenous peoples of the
Cordillera preserved and
transmitted their musical cultures
and traditions from generations to
generations through oral traditions
(spoken rather than written).

30. The Music of Cordillera
4. The distinct characteristics
of Cordillera vocal music
include:

31. The Music of Cordillera
a. It is pentatonic in nature (consist of five melodic tones, do,
re, mi, so, la)

32. The Music of Cordillera
a. It is pentatonic in nature (consist of five melodic tones, do,
re, mi, so, la)

33. The Music of Cordillera
Performance Practices
Music performances of Cordillera are link
to the different events such as:
1. Birth, coming age, wedding, and funeral
2. Rites, Ritual and Ceremonies
3. Prayer to the gods
4. Peace agreement and covenant

34. The Music of Cordillera
1. Salidumay – is a love incantation vocal ensemble
(combination of vocal and instrumental music). It has
sweet melodies and expresses gratitude. To the Itneg
people this song is a response of the young woman to the
Kalkalimusta songs of men during the weaving season. It
serves as an indicator of rejection and acceptance towards
the man courting/wooing a woman. Salidumay is
traditionally not sung in Tagalog language, however in the
popular modern interpretation by Filipina singer Grace
Nono, the lyrics are translated into Tagalog

36. The Music of Cordillera
2. Badiw – is the oldest traditional Cordilleran way of
storytelling in the form of chant. It is a death ritual song
gaining hopes and favor from their relative’s spirit. The
style of singing is without prior preparation or practice in
the leader- chorus form (elder man lead the chant
followed by the response of women repeated what the
leader said). Messages or themes are from agriculture on
land preservation and crop productivity. Performance of
Badiw promotes leadership, stronger family ties, and the
use of herbal and natural medicines.

38. The Music of Cordillera
3. Oggayam – is a festive, declaratory and chant song conveying
greetings and expression of opinions related to the events. It is
usually heard at village gatherings in Abra, Kalinga and mountain
Province. Oggayam is performed during festival at harvest time, on
social gatherings such as weddings and peace covenant and to
remind the people of their traditional beliefs, customs and morals.
This song is distinguished for its special length and narration of the
life stories of legendary heroes. The song is not poetic in nature
but rather it often uses loanwords from the language of the
Christianized Ilocano of the Lowland. Its melodies can be played on
flutes (Kalinga flutes, lip valley flute, padong nose flute and tungali
flute).

40. The Music of Cordillera
4. Hudhud – is a chanted epic poetry of the Ifugao people recited
only on four occasions like, sowing and harvesting of rice, wedding
ceremonies, funeral wakes, and bone washing (bogwa) rituals. It
comprises around 200 stories of about 40 episodes each. Themes
are about celebrations of the Ifugao heroes, heroines, wealth and
cultures. It is full of repetitions, synonyms, figurative term and
employs metonymy (use of the name of one thing for that of
another), metaphors (anything use as a symbol of something else)
and onomatopoeia (creation of words that imitate natural sounds).
Hudhud is performed in leader-chorus style (the reciter is an
elderly woman occupying key position in the community) that
usually last for three to four days.

42. ACTIVITY 2 “Which Is Which?”
Direction: Study the words written
on the box. Identify which word or
phrases fits the description of
Salidumay, Badiw, Oggayam and
Hudhud. Write your answer on
your activity notebook.

43. ACTIVITY 2 “Which Is Which?”

44. ACTIVITY 2 “What I Can Recall?”
1. What makes Cordillera music unique from other musical
genre?
2. What similarities did you notice on the four vocal music of
Cordillera?
3. What performance practice is familiar to you? Why?
4. How would you probe that music is a part of their life and
living?
5. In five sentences write your own description about
Cordillera music.

45. ACTIVITY 2 “Listen and Analyze
Now try to listen to one of the vocal genre of
Cordillera (Salidumay, Oggayam, Badiw , or
Hudhud). Focus your attention on the vocal
techniques used by the singer. Write your
observations and reactions regarding the
elements of music listed in the table.

50. PERFORMANCE “Cordillera Vocal Music Adaptation”
Compose a poem with a minimum of eight lines telling
a story on any of the given subjects. Sing it in front of your
facilitator. Make sure to use the elements and characteristics
of Cordillera vocal music while composing the tune of your
music.
1. Love and courtship
2. Sowing and harvesting
3. Peace
4. Heroes and heroine

51. PERFORMANCE “Cordillera Vocal Music Adaptation”

52. I. Directions: Read and
analyze each sentence.
Write the letter of the best
answer.

53. 1. What song is performed in leader-
chorus style where the reciter is an
elderly woman occupying key position in
the community?
A. Hudhud C. Oggayam
B. Badiw D. Salidummay

54. 2. What song is distinguished for its
special length and narration of the
life stories of legendary heroes?
A. Salidummay C. Badiw
B. Oggayam D. Hudhud

55. 3. Which of the following best described Hudhud?
A. It is a death ritual song gaining hopes and favor
from their relative’s spirit.
B. It comprises around 200 stories with 40
episodes each.
C. It has sweet melodies and expresses gratitude
D. It is a burial song

56. 4. Which of the songs of Cordillera
used flutes to play its melodic
tunes.
A. Salidumay C. Oggayam
B. Hudhud D. Badiw

57. 5. On what occasion did the Ifugao people
recite Hudhud, a chanted epic poetry?
A. During social celebrations
B. During Baptismal ceremony
C. During sowing and harvesting of rice
D. During wedding ceremony

58. 6. How is Salidumay described?
A. It serves as an indicator of rejection and acceptance
towards the man courting/wooing a woman.
B. It is the oldest traditional Cordilleran way of
storytelling.
C. It tells about the use of herbal and natural
medicines.
D. It is about planting and harvesting of crops.

59. 7. How is melismatic singing done?
A. Singing at the same pitch
B. singing of group of tones in one syllable
C. singing in monotonous repetitive tone
D. Singing with drone

60. 8. How is Cordillera music described?
A. It is pentatonic in nature
B. It is multi metered
C. It is nasal
D. It is guttural

61. 9. The following are examples of
occupational or work songs of
Cordillera EXCEPT:
A. Owiwi C. Owayat
B. Dinaweg D. Dangdang-ay

62. 10. Which of the following are the messages or
themes of the song Badiw?
A. Agriculture on land preservation and crop
productivity.
B. Love incantations
C. Heroes, heroine, and cultures
D. Myth and custome

63. B. Modified True or False
Direction: Write TRUE if the
statement is correct. If the
statement is incorrect change the
underlined words to make the
statement true.

64. 1. Cordillera music is very much related to their life and
living.
2. Cordilleras preserved and transmitted their musical
cultures and traditions through writing.
3. Cordillera music is diatonic in nature (consist of five
melodic tones, do, re, mi, so, la)
4. Cordillera music is sung with harmony (singing at the
same pitch).
5. Cordillera music is participatory and communal.